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Brain Blogger covers topics from multidimensional biopsychosocial perspectives. It reviews the latest news and stories related to neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology. It serves as a focal point for attracting new minds beyond the science of the mind-and-brain and into the biopsychosocial model.
Shaheen Lakhan
435 posts
Stephen Dougherty
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by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
I’m currently reading with great pleasure Tony Schwartz’s new book, The Way We’re Working Isn’t Working – The Four Forgotten Needs That Energize Great Performance. Schwartz’s main premise is that we need balance — between activity and rest on the physical level, between performance and renewal on the emotional level, between left and right brain [...]... Read more »
Babyak M, Blumenthal JA, Herman S, Khatri P, Doraiswamy M, Moore K, Craighead WE, Baldewicz TT, & Krishnan KR. (2000) Exercise treatment for major depression: maintenance of therapeutic benefit at 10 months. Psychosomatic medicine, 62(5), 633-8. PMID: 11020092
Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Moore KA, Craighead WE, Herman S, Khatri P, Waugh R, Napolitano MA, Forman LM, Appelbaum M.... (1999) Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression. Archives of internal medicine, 159(19), 2349-56. PMID: 10547175
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Through the course of modern human history, chocolate has been considered the most special of all confections. Chocolate inspires deep love and devotion from those who partake of it, and its ability to enhance one’s mood has been advertised by men, women and children — and candy manufacturers — everywhere. Now, new evidence may put [...]... Read more »
Chang AS, Yeong BY, & Koh WP. (2010) Symposium on Plant Polyphenols: Nutrition, Health and Innovations, June 2009. Nutrition reviews, 68(4), 246-52. PMID: 20416020
Egan BM, Laken MA, Donovan JL, & Woolson RF. (2010) Controversies in Hypertension: Does Dark Chocolate Have a Role in the Prevention and Management of Hypertension? Commentary on the Evidence. Hypertension. PMID: 20404213
Macht M, & Dettmer D. (2006) Everyday mood and emotions after eating a chocolate bar or an apple. Appetite, 46(3), 332-6. PMID: 16546294
Macht M, & Mueller J. (2007) Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating on responses to chocolate and affect. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 195(12), 1024-6. PMID: 18091197
Macht M, & Mueller J. (2007) Immediate effects of chocolate on experimentally induced mood states. Appetite, 49(3), 667-74. PMID: 17597253
Macht M, Roth S, & Ellgring H. (2002) Chocolate eating in healthy men during experimentally induced sadness and joy. Appetite, 39(2), 147-58. PMID: 12354683
Rose N, Koperski S, & Golomb BA. (2010) Mood food: chocolate and depressive symptoms in a cross-sectional analysis. Archives of internal medicine, 170(8), 699-703. PMID: 20421555
Strandberg TE, Strandberg AY, Pitkälä K, Salomaa VV, Tilvis RS, & Miettinen TA. (2008) Chocolate, well-being and health among elderly men. European journal of clinical nutrition, 62(2), 247-53. PMID: 17327862
Williams S, Tamburic S, & Lally C. (2009) Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 8(3), 169-73. PMID: 19735513
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Many people have fabulous relationships with their psychologists. They feel supported, understood, well-liked. But there are also those who feel a little uneasy. Research by Lynn Servais and Stephen Saunders of Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin may have unearthed one of the reasons why.
Some psychologists have a hard time connecting with people with mental illness, [...]... Read more »
Servais, L., & Saunders, S. (2007) Clinical psychologists' perceptions of persons with mental illness. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(2), 214-219. DOI: 10.1037/0735-7028.38.2.214
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Migraines are severe, often debilitating, headaches that may be accompanied by visual symptoms, as well as nausea and vomiting. Migraines may last up to 24 hours. The exact cause of migraine is unknown, and most treatment focuses on acute pain relief once the migraine begins. For many migraine sufferers, acute pain relief is often ineffective [...]... Read more »
Goldstein J, Silberstein SD, Saper JR, Ryan RE Jr, & Lipton RB. (2006) Acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine in combination versus ibuprofen for acute migraine: results from a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, single-dose, placebo-controlled study. Headache, 46(3), 444-53. PMID: 16618262
Kirthi V, Derry S, Moore RA, & McQuay HJ. (2010) Aspirin with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). PMID: 20393963
Lampl C, Voelker M, & Diener HC. (2007) Efficacy and safety of 1,000 mg effervescent aspirin: individual patient data meta-analysis of three trials in migraine headache and migraine accompanying symptoms. Journal of neurology, 254(6), 705-12. PMID: 17406776
Lovell BV, & Marmura MJ. (2010) New therapeutic developments in chronic migraine. Current opinion in neurology, 23(3), 254-8. PMID: 20442572
Paemeleire K, & Bartsch T. (2010) Occipital nerve stimulation for headache disorders. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 7(2), 213-9. PMID: 20430321
Steiner TJ, & Voelker M. (2009) Gastrointestinal tolerability of aspirin and the choice of over-the-counter analgesia for short-lasting acute pain. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 34(2), 177-86. PMID: 19250138
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Antidepressant medications have been the mainstay of treatment for depressive disorders for decades. But these drugs may not be as effective as once believed, according to a new analysis published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania conducted a meta-analysis of data from trials of antidepressants and [...]... Read more »
Fournier, J., DeRubeis, R., Hollon, S., Dimidjian, S., Amsterdam, J., Shelton, R., & Fawcett, J. (2010) Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-analysis. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(1), 47-53. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.1943
Torpey, D., & Klein, D. (2009) Chronic depression: Update on classification and treatment. Current Psychiatry Reports, 10(6), 458-464. DOI: 10.1007/s11920-008-0074-6
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
The connection between mind and body is never as ambiguous as when the body is near death. Reports of near-death experiences (NDEs) in people who suffer cardiac arrest or other life-threatening traumas are unexplained by current science. Theories of psychological, physiological, and transcendental causes abound, but none has defined the true source of the phenomenon. [...]... Read more »
Klemenc-Ketis Z, Kersnik J, & Grmec S. (2010) The effect of carbon dioxide on near-death experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: a prospective observational study. Critical care (London, England), 14(2). PMID: 20377847
Lai CF, Kao TW, Wu MS, Chiang SS, Chang CH, Lu CS, Yang CS, Yang CC, Chang HW, Lin SL.... (2007) Impact of near-death experiences on dialysis patients: a multicenter collaborative study. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 50(1), 124. PMID: 17591532
Leisman G, & Koch P. (2009) Networks of conscious experience: computational neuroscience in understanding life, death, and consciousness. Reviews in the neurosciences, 20(3-4), 151-76. PMID: 20157986
Parnia S, & Fenwick P. (2002) Near death experiences in cardiac arrest: visions of a dying brain or visions of a new science of consciousness. Resuscitation, 52(1), 5-11. PMID: 11801343
Parnia S, Waller DG, Yeates R, & Fenwick P. (2001) A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation, 48(2), 149-56. PMID: 11426476
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Winston Churchill once defined a pessimist as one who sees the difficulty in every opportunity, but an optimist as one who sees the opportunity in every difficulty. New research shows that optimists, who already enjoy better goal attainment, more resilience, and better overall well-being compared to pessimists, also enjoy a healthier immune system. The new [...]... Read more »
Avitsur, R., Powell, N., Padgett, D., & Sheridan, J. (2009) Social Interactions, Stress, and Immunity. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 29(2), 285-293. DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2009.02.006
Segerstrom, S. (2007) Stress, Energy, and Immunity: An Ecological View. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 326-330. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00522.x
Segerstrom, S. (2007) Optimism and resources: Effects on each other and on health over 10 years☆. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 772-786. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.09.004
Segerstrom, S., & Sephton, S. (2010) Optimistic Expectancies and Cell-Mediated Immunity: The Role of Positive Affect. Psychological Science, 21(3), 448-455. DOI: 10.1177/0956797610362061
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Sexual abuse of children is morally revolting and a topic wrought with emotions. In the past few decades, awareness of the prevalence of child abuse and its psychological repercussions has increased. A “trauma model” has been built around sexual abuse that perceives it as being directly traumatic and frightening, and necessarily damaging.
Many psychologists now argue [...]... Read more »
Loftus, E., & Frenda, S. (2010) Bad Theories Can Harm Victims. Science, 327(5971), 1329-1330. DOI: 10.1126/science.1187716
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
The human brain likes balance. Not simply biological and physiological homeostasis that maintains the proper functioning of the brain, but emotional, social and psychological balance. Notably, the human brain dislikes inequality when it comes to money, and rejects it at all costs, according to new research in the journal Nature.
Behavioral and anthropological evidence show that [...]... Read more »
Guroglu, B., van den Bos, W., Rombouts, S., & Crone, E. (2010) Unfair? It depends: Neural correlates of fairness in social context. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsq013
Hare, T., Camerer, C., Knoepfle, D., O'Doherty, J., & Rangel, A. (2010) Value Computations in Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Charitable Decision Making Incorporate Input from Regions Involved in Social Cognition. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(2), 583-590. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4089-09.2010
Smith, D., Hayden, B., Truong, T., Song, A., Platt, M., & Huettel, S. (2010) Distinct Value Signals in Anterior and Posterior Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(7), 2490-2495. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3319-09.2010
Tricomi, E., Rangel, A., Camerer, C., & O’Doherty, J. (2010) Neural evidence for inequality-averse social preferences. Nature, 463(7284), 1089-1091. DOI: 10.1038/nature08785
Yamagishi, T., Horita, Y., Takagishi, H., Shinada, M., Tanida, S., & Cook, K. (2009) The private rejection of unfair offers and emotional commitment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(28), 11520-11523. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900636106
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Sexuality is an important component of overall health and quality of life. An active sex life can reduce stress, strengthen the immune system, improve cardiovascular health and promote longevity. Not only does sex lead to health benefits, but good health leads to improved sexuality. A recent British Medical Journal (BMJ) report concluded that the better [...]... Read more »
Camacho, M., & Reyes-Ortiz, C. (2005) Sexual dysfunction in the elderly: age or disease?. International Journal of Impotence Research. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901429
DeLamater, J., & Karraker, A. (2009) Sexual functioning in older adults. Current Psychiatry Reports, 11(1), 6-11. DOI: 10.1007/s11920-009-0002-4
Lindau, S., & Gavrilova, N. (2010) Sex, health, and years of sexually active life gained due to good health: evidence from two US population based cross sectional surveys of ageing. BMJ, 340(mar09 2). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c810
Smith, L., Mulhall, J., Deveci, S., Monaghan, N., & Reid, M. (2007) Sex After Seventy: A Pilot Study of Sexual Function in Older Persons. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4(5), 1247-1253. DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00568.x
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Shyness is a unique trait and all of us experience it in various degrees when faced with performance situations or new social surroundings. However, many people go through life dreading such encounters and exposure to the feared social situation provokes anxiety, or possibly a panic attack. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia is a [...]... Read more »
Stein, M., & Stein, D. (2008) Social anxiety disorder. The Lancet, 371(9618), 1115-1125. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60488-2
Stein MB, & Gorman JM. (2001) Unmasking social anxiety disorder. Journal of psychiatry , 26(3), 185-9. PMID: 11394188
Strug, L., Suresh, R., Fyer, A., Talati, A., Adams, P., Li, W., Hodge, S., Gilliam, T., & Weissman, M. (2008) Panic disorder is associated with the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) but not the promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Molecular Psychiatry, 15(2), 166-176. DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.79
Smoller, J., Paulus, M., Fagerness, J., Purcell, S., Yamaki, L., Hirshfeld-Becker, D., Biederman, J., Rosenbaum, J., Gelernter, J., & Stein, M. (2008) Influence of RGS2 on Anxiety-Related Temperament, Personality, and Brain Function. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(3), 298-308. DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.48
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
At least 20 million people in the United States have osteoarthritis. This prevalent type of arthritis is most simply age-related wear-and-tear of joints. As people age, cartilage that protects the body’s joints breaks down, leading to joint pain and stiffness. Osteoarthritis normally appears after middle age and can cause significant disability if not treated. However, [...]... Read more »
Golightly, Y., Allen, K., Helmick, C., Renner, J., & Jordan, J. (2009) Symptoms of the knee and hip in individuals with and without limb length inequality. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 17(5), 596-600. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.11.005
Golightly, Y., Allen, K., Renner, J., Helmick, C., Salazar, A., & Jordan, J. (2007) Relationship of limb length inequality with radiographic knee and hip osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 15(7), 824-829. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.009
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Many studies have reported that socioeconomic status is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Now, a large-scale, longitudinal study asserts that the association may be more related to health behaviors than socioeconomic status. The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), reports that assessment of health behaviors over time lessens the [...]... Read more »
Goldfarb-Rumyantzev, A., Rout, P., Sandhu, G., Khattak, M., Tang, H., & Barenbaum, A. (2010) Association between social adaptability index and survival of patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq177
Singh, T., Givertz, M., Semigran, M., DeNofrio, D., Costantino, F., & Gauvreau, K. (2010) Socioeconomic Position, Ethnicity, and Outcomes in Heart Transplant Recipients. The American Journal of Cardiology, 105(7), 1024-1029. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.11.015
Stringhini, S., Sabia, S., Shipley, M., Brunner, E., Nabi, H., Kivimaki, M., & Singh-Manoux, A. (2010) Association of Socioeconomic Position With Health Behaviors and Mortality. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(12), 1159-1166. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.297
Turrell, G., Kavanagh, A., Draper, G., & Subramanian, S. (2007) Do places affect the probability of death in Australia? A multilevel study of area-level disadvantage, individual-level socioeconomic position and all-cause mortality, 1998-2000. Journal of Epidemiology , 61(1), 13-19. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.046094
Warner, E., & Gomez, S. (2010) Impact of Neighborhood Racial Composition and Metropolitan Residential Segregation on Disparities in Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Survival Between Black and White Women in California. Journal of Community Health. DOI: 10.1007/s10900-010-9265-2
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
The findings of the new study show that, even when no physical movement or observable response to stimuli are present, means exist to permit some individuals to respond sufficiently to prove that they understand their condition and may wish to continue treatment.... Read more »
Monti, M., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Coleman, M., Boly, M., Pickard, J., Tshibanda, L., Owen, A., & Laureys, S. (2010) Willful Modulation of Brain Activity in Disorders of Consciousness. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(7), 579-589. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0905370
Andrews K, Murphy L, Munday R, & Littlewood C. (1996) Misdiagnosis of the vegetative state: retrospective study in a rehabilitation unit. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 313(7048), 13-6. PMID: 8664760
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Excessive fear is the cause of many psychopathologies. Although pharmacological interventions can help in preventing the retrieval of fear memories, they are toxic and involve a lot of side-effects. Till now, non-pharmacological interventions were only effective in suppressing the memory of fear for a short period. A new technique developed by scientists at the Center for [...]... Read more »
Schiller, D., Monfils, M., Raio, C., Johnson, D., LeDoux, J., & Phelps, E. (2009) Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature, 463(7277), 49-53. DOI: 10.1038/nature08637
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Many people get a little melancholy as the winter months take away sunshine and warm weather. But, for some, the winter blues become a serious case of depression. Recent lawsuits have designated this recurrent seasonal depression, or seasonal affective disorder (SAD), as a disability that requires accommodation by employers. However, these rulings are provoking renewed [...]... Read more »
Steinhausen, H., Gundelfinger, R., & Winkler Metzke, C. (2009) Prevalence of self-reported seasonal affective disorders and the validity of the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire in young adultsFindings from a Swiss community study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 115(3), 347-354. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.09.016
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
Physician burnout and job dissatisfaction are concerning as physicians in the United States have more patients to see in less time with fewer resources. Physician burnout is associated with job absenteeism, leaving the profession altogether, poor quality of care, and medical errors. Now, a recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association [...]... Read more »
Krasner, M., Epstein, R., Beckman, H., Suchman, A., Chapman, B., Mooney, C., & Quill, T. (2009) Association of an Educational Program in Mindful Communication With Burnout, Empathy, and Attitudes Among Primary Care Physicians. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(12), 1284-1293. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.1384
Scheurer, D., McKean, S., Miller, J., & Wetterneck, T. (2009) U.S. physician satisfaction: A systematic review. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 4(9), 560-568. DOI: 10.1002/jhm.496
Utsugi-Ozaki, M., Bito, S., Matsumura, S., Hayashino, Y., Fukuhara, S., & , . (2009) Physician Job Satisfaction and Quality of Care Among Hospital Employed Physicians in Japan. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(3), 387-392. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-008-0886-4
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
More than 10% of women experience either major or minor depression six weeks after giving birth. Postpartum depression (PPD) leads to significant biological, social, psychological, and economic consequences for the mother, the child, and the family. Clinically and cost-effective treatments are available for PPD, but less than half of PPD cases are ever diagnosed. Unfortunately, [...]... Read more »
Austin MP, Priest SR, & Sullivan EA. (2008) Antenatal psychosocial assessment for reducing perinatal mental health morbidity. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). PMID: 18843682
Hewitt, C., & Gilbody, S. (2009) Is it clinically and cost effective to screen for postnatal depression: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials and economic evidence. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics . DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02148.x
Paulden, M., Palmer, S., Hewitt, C., & Gilbody, S. (2009) Screening for postnatal depression in primary care: cost effectiveness analysis. BMJ, 339(dec22 1). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b5203
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
The survivors of the World War II atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki may have considered themselves lucky, at least at first. Shortly thereafter, however, those who didn’t die from radiation poisoning learned that the radiation from the bombings placed themselves and their children at increased risk of cancer. Now, they can add heart disease [...]... Read more »
Little, M. (2010) Exposure to radiation and higher risk of circulatory disease. BMJ, 340(jan14 1). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b4326
by Shaheen Lakhan in Brain Blogger
The physician-patient relationship is the cornerstone to quality medical care. A key component to this relationship is physician empathy — the ability to understand the patient’s experiences and feelings and view the world from the patient’s perspective. Empathy is so important in this day and age that medical and other health care professional schools are [...]... Read more »
Brunero, S., Lamont, S., & Coates, M. (2010) A review of empathy education in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 17(1), 65-74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2009.00482.x
Cheng, Y., Lin, C., Liu, H., Hsu, Y., Lim, K., Hung, D., & Decety, J. (2007) Expertise Modulates the Perception of Pain in Others. Current Biology, 17(19), 1708-1713. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.020
Decety, J., Yang, C., & Cheng, Y. (2010) Physicians down-regulate their pain empathy response: An event-related brain potential study. NeuroImage. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.025
Mason, P., & Bartal, I. (2010) How the social brain experiences empathy: Summary of a gathering. Social Neuroscience, 1-5. DOI: 10.1080/17470911003589085
Neumann, M., Bensing, J., Mercer, S., Ernstmann, N., Ommen, O., & Pfaff, H. (2009) Analyzing the “nature” and “specific effectiveness” of clinical empathy: A theoretical overview and contribution towards a theory-based research agenda. Patient Education and Counseling, 74(3), 339-346. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.013
Singer T. (2007) The neuronal basis of empathy and fairness. Novartis Foundation symposium, 20. PMID: 17214308
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