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The 'Scope brings you the science behind pop culture.
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by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
New study shows that a common parasite called Toxoplasma gondii forms tissue cysts and causes inflammation in mouse prostates. ... Read more »
Colinot, D., Garbuz, T., Bosland, M., Wang, L., Rice, S., Sullivan, W., Arrizabalaga, G., & Jerde, T. (2017) The common parasite induces prostatic inflammation and microglandular hyperplasia in a mouse model . The Prostate. DOI: 10.1002/pros.23362
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance... Read more »
Blair, J., Webber, M., Baylay, A., Ogbolu, D., & Piddock, L. (2014) Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(1), 42-51. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3380
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
Free beer, made right inside your stomach! This rare condition converts your gut into a brewery, and it is more of a nightmare than a dream come true.
... Read more »
Cordell, B., & McCarthy, J. (2013) A Case Study of Gut Fermentation Syndrome (Auto-Brewery) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the Causative Organism. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 04(07), 309-312. DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2013.47054
Logan BK, & Jones AW. (2000) Endogenous ethanol 'auto-brewery syndrome' as a drunk-driving defence challenge. Medicine, science, and the law, 40(3), 206-15. PMID: 10976182
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
The FDA recently put out a stern warning not to eat raw cookie dough. Here's what cookie dough might do to you and why.... Read more »
Thorpe, C. (2004) Shiga Toxin--Producing Escherichia coli Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(9), 1298-1303. DOI: 10.1086/383473
Obrig, T. (2010) Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease. Toxins, 2(12), 2769-2794. DOI: 10.3390/toxins2122769
by Hannah Davis in The 'Scope
New research into ways to fight bone loss... Read more »
Shuler, F., Conjeski, J., Kendall, D., & Salava, J. (2012) Understanding the Burden of Osteoporosis and Use of the World Health Organization FRAX. Orthopedics, 35(9), 798-805. DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20120822-12
by Jason Organ in The 'Scope
Evolution reveals why the human body deteriorates with age... Read more »
Jungers, W. (1988) Relative joint size and hominoid locomotor adaptations with implications for the evolution of hominid bipedalism. Journal of Human Evolution, 17(1-2), 247-265. DOI: 10.1016/0047-2484(88)90056-5
Jurmain R. (2000) Degenerative joint disease in African great apes: an evolutionary perspective. Journal of human evolution, 39(2), 185-203. PMID: 10968928
Latimer B. (2005) The perils of being bipedal. Annals of biomedical engineering, 33(1), 3-6. PMID: 15709701
Russo, G., & Kirk, E. (2013) Foramen magnum position in bipedal mammals. Journal of Human Evolution, 65(5), 656-670. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.007
Ward, C. (2002) Interpreting the posture and locomotion ofAustralopithecus afarensis: Where do we stand?. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 119(S35), 185-215. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10185
by Jason Organ and Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
On his radio show, Rush Limbaugh somehow jumped from discussing Harambe to evolution bashing. His argument revealed an astonishing misunderstanding of the most basic premise of evolution, which is clarified here.... Read more »
Venn, O., Turner, I., Mathieson, I., de Groot, N., Bontrop, R., & McVean, G. (2014) Strong male bias drives germline mutation in chimpanzees. Science, 344(6189), 1272-1275. DOI: 10.1126/science.344.6189.1272
Glazko, G. (2003) Estimation of Divergence Times for Major Lineages of Primate Species. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20(3), 424-434. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg050
by Omar El Jordi in The 'Scope
Why are "bath salts" so hard for toxicologists to detect?... Read more »
Poklis, J., Wolf, C., ElJordi, O., Liu, K., Zhang, S., & Poklis, A. (2015) Analysis of the First- and Second-Generation Raving Dragon Novelty Bath Salts Containing Methylone and Pentedrone. Journal of Forensic Sciences. DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12629
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
For Valentine's Day: the fascinating experiments that led to the invention of the defibrillator and CPR - truly a tale from the “heart”!... Read more »
Furman S. (2002) Early history of cardiac pacing and defibrillation. Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal, 2(1), 2-3. PMID: 17006571
Bresadola, M. (1998) Medicine and science in the life of Luigi Galvani (1737–1798). Brain Research Bulletin, 46(5), 367-380. DOI: 10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00023-9
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
Zika. Ebola. MERS. HIV. Where Do “New” Viruses Come From?... Read more »
Simpson, D. (1964) Zika virus infection in man. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58(4), 339-348. DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(64)90201-9
Forterre P. (2006) The origin of viruses and their possible roles in major evolutionary transitions. Virus research, 117(1), 5-16. PMID: 16476498
Koonin EV, Senkevich TG, & Dolja VV. (2006) The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells. Biology direct, 29. PMID: 16984643
Baize, S., Pannetier, D., Oestereich, L., Rieger, T., Koivogui, L., Magassouba, N., Soropogui, B., Sow, M., Keïta, S., De Clerck, H.... (2014) Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(15), 1418-1425. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1404505
by Gustavo Arrizabalaga in The 'Scope
We've all heard about the reckless decisions that led to lead poisoning in Flint, MI. Why is lead is such a damaging toxin?... Read more »
Flora G, Gupta D, & Tiwari A. (2012) Toxicity of lead: A review with recent updates. Interdisciplinary toxicology, 5(2), 47-58. PMID: 23118587
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
The fascinating history of the stomach ulcer bacteria H. pylori, which was recently found in Otzi, the 5,300 year old iceman.... Read more »
Williams AC, Edwards HG, & Barry BW. (1995) The 'Iceman': molecular structure of 5200-year-old skin characterised by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1246(1), 98-105. PMID: 7811737
Tito RY, Knights D, Metcalf J, Obregon-Tito AJ, Cleeland L, Najar F, Roe B, Reinhard K, Sobolik K, Belknap S.... (2012) Insights from characterizing extinct human gut microbiomes. PloS one, 7(12). PMID: 23251439
Maixner, F., Krause-Kyora, B., Turaev, D., Herbig, A., Hoopmann, M., Hallows, J., Kusebauch, U., Vigl, E., Malfertheiner, P., Megraud, F.... (2016) The 5300-year-old Helicobacter pylori genome of the Iceman. Science, 351(6269), 162-165. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2545
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
How can a 62 year old pill cost $750 per dose? The story of Daraprim, an old anti-parasite drug in the news since Turing Pharmaceuticals raised its price.... Read more »
Roos DS. (1993) Primary structure of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene from Toxoplasma gondii. The Journal of biological chemistry, 268(9), 6269-80. PMID: 8454599
Sullivan WJ Jr, & Jeffers V. (2012) Mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii persistence and latency. FEMS microbiology reviews, 36(3), 717-33. PMID: 22091606
by Jason Organ in The 'Scope
"Bone up" on your Wookiee biology before you go see STAR WARS!... Read more »
Laitman JT, & Reidenberg JS. (1993) Specializations of the human upper respiratory and upper digestive systems as seen through comparative and developmental anatomy. Dysphagia, 8(4), 318-25. PMID: 8269722
Laitman JT, & Reidenberg JS. (1997) The human aerodigestive tract and gastroesophageal reflux: an evolutionary perspective. The American journal of medicine, 103(5A). PMID: 9422615
Lieberman DE, McCarthy RC, Hiiemae KM, & Palmer JB. (2001) Ontogeny of postnatal hyoid and larynx descent in humans. Archives of oral biology, 46(2), 117-28. PMID: 11163319
Crompton AW, German RZ, & Thexton AJ. (2008) Development of the movement of the epiglottis in infant and juvenile pigs. Zoology (Jena, Germany), 111(5), 339-49. PMID: 18387794
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
Be the highlight of Thanksgiving dinner conversation after you learn these fascinating facts about turkeys!... Read more »
Russo, E., Scicchitano, F., Citraro, R., Aiello, R., Camastra, C., Mainardi, P., Chimirri, S., Perucca, E., Donato, G., & De Sarro, G. (2012) Protective activity of α-lactoalbumin (ALAC), a whey protein rich in tryptophan, in rodent models of epileptogenesis. Neuroscience, 282-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.021
Bruce KR, Steiger H, Young SN, Kin NM, Israël M, & Lévesque M. (2009) Impact of acute tryptophan depletion on mood and eating-related urges in bulimic and nonbulimic women. Journal of psychiatry , 34(5), 376-82. PMID: 19721848
by Mark Lasbury in The 'Scope
As you grab your rake or leaf-blower this fall, you might wonder how it is possible for trees to make so many leaves. Learn where they all came from.... Read more »
Pijpers, J., Winkler, M., Surendranath, Y., Buonassisi, T., & Nocera, D. (2011) Light-induced water oxidation at silicon electrodes functionalized with a cobalt oxygen-evolving catalyst. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(25), 10056-10061. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1106545108
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
The fascinating science behind some of our favorite monsters ... Read more »
Schulenburg-Brand D, Katugampola R, Anstey AV, & Badminton MN. (2014) The cutaneous porphyrias. Dermatologic clinics, 32(3), 369. PMID: 24891059
Deshmukh S, & Prashanth S. (2012) Ectodermal dysplasia: a genetic review. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 5(3), 197-202. PMID: 25206167
Kaur S, Juneja M, Mishra D, & Jain S. (2014) Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case report and review of the literature. Journal of pediatric neurosciences, 9(2), 145-7. PMID: 25250071
Ramirez-Bermudez J, Aguilar-Venegas LC, Crail-Melendez D, Espinola-Nadurille M, Nente F, & Mendez MF. (2010) Cotard syndrome in neurological and psychiatric patients. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 22(4), 409-16. PMID: 21037126
by Bill Sullivan in The 'Scope
Can the Salem Witches of 1692 be explained by a fungus?... Read more »
Caporael LR. (1976) Ergotism: the satan loosed in Salem?. Science (New York, N.Y.), 192(4234), 21-6. PMID: 769159
by Julia van Rensburg in The 'Scope
Part II in our series looking at the scientific evidence behind sunscreen and skin cancer.... Read more »
van der Pols JC, Williams GM, Pandeya N, Logan V, & Green AC. (2006) Prolonged prevention of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin by regular sunscreen use. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers , 15(12), 2546-8. PMID: 17132769
Lee TK, Rivers JK, & Gallagher RP. (2005) Site-specific protective effect of broad-spectrum sunscreen on nevus development among white schoolchildren in a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(5), 786-92. PMID: 15858467
Koh HK, Geller AC, Miller DR, Grossbart TA, & Lew RA. (1996) Prevention and early detection strategies for melanoma and skin cancer. Current status. Archives of dermatology, 132(4), 436-43. PMID: 8629848
Leiter U, & Garbe C. (2008) Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer--the role of sunlight. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 89-103. PMID: 18348450
Brenner M, & Hearing VJ. (2008) The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin. Photochemistry and photobiology, 84(3), 539-49. PMID: 18435612
by Julia van Rensburg in The 'Scope
Jessica Alba's company has been charged with two lawsuits citing ineffective protection by her Honest Company sunscreen. The failure of the sunscreen highlights a need for better education regarding sunscreen use and sun exposure.... Read more »
Shah P, & He YY. (2015) Molecular regulation of UV-induced DNA repair. Photochemistry and photobiology, 91(2), 254-64. PMID: 25534312
Narayanan DL, Saladi RN, & Fox JL. (2010) Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer. International journal of dermatology, 49(9), 978-86. PMID: 20883261
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