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Chronicles of Zostera
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- July 20, 2011
- 01:24 AM
- 1,602 views
The Shinnecock Bay Brown Tide
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
Image from Chris Gobler, Stony Brook University
The south shore of Long Island has a series of interconnected lagoonal estuaries. Shinnecock Bay is the eastern most basin, and it has the least amount of people living along its shores. That’s not to say that there aren’t people out here, it just lacks the uber-development of the . . . → Read More: The Shinnecock Bay Brown Tide... Read more »
Irlandi, E. (1996) The effects of seagrass patch size and energy regime on growth of a suspension-feeding bivalve. Journal of Marine Research, 54(1), 161-185. DOI: 10.1357/0022240963213439
Irlandi, E. (1997) Seagrass Patch Size and Survivorship of an Infaunal Bivalve. Oikos, 78(3), 511. DOI: 10.2307/3545612
Dennison, WC, Marshall GJ, & Wigand, C. (1989) Effect of "brown tide" shading on eelgrass (Zostera marina) distributions. in: Novel Phytoplankton Blooms: Causes and Impacts of Recurrent Brown Tides and Other Unusual Blooms, 675-692. info:/
Cerrato, R., Caron, D., Lonsdale, D., Rose, J., & Schaffner, R. (2004) Effect of the northern quahog Mercenaria mercenaria on the development of blooms of the brown tide alga Aureococcus anophagefferens. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 93-108. DOI: 10.3354/meps281093
Bricelj, V., & MacQuarrie, S. (2007) Effects of brown tide (Aureococcus anophagefferens) on hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria larvae and implications for benthic recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 147-159. DOI: 10.3354/meps331147
Newell, R., Tettelbach, S., Gobler, C., & Kimmel, D. (2009) Relationships between reproduction in suspension-feeding hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria and phytoplankton community structure. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 179-196. DOI: 10.3354/meps08083
- June 3, 2011
- 12:22 AM
- 1,689 views
Countdown to extinction!
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
One of my favorite Megadeth albums and songs, although that’s for another time. The title also fits for a handful of species from a group particularly close to my heart – seagrasses. Seagrasses made the news recently, as a recent report suggest as many as 10 of the 72 known seagrass species are at risk of . . . → Read More: Countdown to extinction!... Read more »
Short, FT, Polidoro, B, Livingstone, SR, Carpenter, KE, Bandeira, S, Bujang, JS, Calumpong, HP, Carruthers, TJB, Coles, RG, Dennison, WC.... (2011) Extinction risk assessment of the world's seagrass species. Biological Conservation. info:/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.010
Carroll, J, Gobler, CJ, & Peterson,BJ. (2008) Resource-restricted growth of eelgrass in New York estuaries: light limitation, and alleviation of nutrient stress by hard clams. Marine Ecology Progress Series. DOI: 10.3354/meps07593
ORTH, R., CARRUTHERS, T., DENNISON, W., DUARTE, C., FOURQUREAN, J., HECK, K., HUGHES, A., KENDRICK, G., KENWORTHY, W., OLYARNIK, S.... (2006) A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems. BioScience, 56(12), 987. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[987:AGCFSE]2.0.CO;2
- April 21, 2011
- 12:57 AM
- 1,809 views
Living on the edge!
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
So it has been a while. I said I was back a week or two ago, but I have been slow to get back to the blog. It has been busy times – I am preparing for the field season (and the lab recently received a new grant to work on oyster reefs, so I will . . . → Read More: Living on the edge!... Read more »
Boström, C., Pittman, S., Simenstad, C., & Kneib, R. (2011) Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats in a changing world: advances, gaps and future challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series. DOI: 10.3354/meps09051
Smith, T., Hindell, J., Jenkins, G., Connolly, R., & Keough, M. (2011) Edge effects in patchy seagrass landscapes: The role of predation in determining fish distribution. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 399(1), 8-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.01.010
Bologna, P. (1999) Differential predation and growth rates of bay scallops within a seagrass habitat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 239(2), 299-314. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00039-8
ORTH, R., CARRUTHERS, T., DENNISON, W., DUARTE, C., FOURQUREAN, J., HECK, K., HUGHES, A., KENDRICK, G., KENWORTHY, W., OLYARNIK, S.... (2006) A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems. BioScience, 56(12), 987. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[987:AGCFSE]2.0.CO;2
- March 14, 2011
- 11:19 PM
- 1,785 views
My Cochlodinium Conundrum
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
Or – What do I do when field observations don’t match lab results. This is a philosophical debate that has plagued ecologists for decades and it brings up all sorts of issues – relevant scale, extrapolation, replication and pseudoreplication, variable control, realism, and the list can go on and on. How did I arrive at the . . . → Read More: My Cochlodinium Conundrum... Read more »
Carpenter, S. (1996) Microcosm Experiments have Limited Relevance for Community and Ecosystem Ecology. Ecology, 77(3), 677. DOI: 10.2307/2265490
Gobler, C., Berry, D., Anderson, O., Burson, A., Koch, F., Rodgers, B., Moore, L., Goleski, J., Allam, B., Bowser, P.... (2008) Characterization, dynamics, and ecological impacts of harmful Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms on eastern Long Island, NY, USA. Harmful Algae, 7(3), 293-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.006
Tang, Y., & Gobler, C. (2009) Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and clonal isolates from the northwest Atlantic coast cause rapid mortality in larvae of multiple bivalve species. Marine Biology, 156(12), 2601-2611. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1285-z
- March 7, 2011
- 12:19 AM
- 2,129 views
When invasion isn’t such a bad thing…
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
New species get introduced into novel habitats almost like clockwork in the modern era. These are termed introduced or exotic species. Typically, these introductions are the effect of anthropogenic activity. Sometimes, these species become nuisances – spreading in their new habitats via natural processes, and creating problems for native species. These nuisance exotics are called invasive . . . → Read More: When invasion isn’t such a bad thing…... Read more »
Drouin, A., McKindsey, C., & Johnson, L. (2011) Higher abundance and diversity in faunal assemblages with the invasion of Codium fragile ssp. fragile in eelgrass meadows. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 105-117. DOI: 10.3354/meps08961
Carroll, J., Peterson, B., Bonal, D., Weinstock, A., Smith, C., & Tettelbach, S. (2009) Comparative survival of bay scallops in eelgrass and the introduced alga, Codium fragile, in a New York estuary. Marine Biology, 157(2), 249-259. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1312-0
- February 10, 2011
- 12:19 AM
- 1,796 views
Warming Associated Range Shifts – King Crabs in Antarctica
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
Well I haven’t done a Research Blogging post in a very long time. But I was inspired by this news release I read today about crabs spilling onto the Antarctic peninsula with warming waters. On a recent voyage to Antarctica, marine biologists collected digital images of these deep water predators moving closer to shallow coastal . . . → Read More: Warming Associated Range Shifts – King Crabs in Antarctica... Read more »
Aronson, R., Thatje, S., Clarke, A., Peck, L., Blake, D., Wilga, C., & Seibel, B. (2007) Climate Change and Invasibility of the Antarctic Benthos. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 38(1), 129-154. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095525
Aronson RB, Moody RM, Ivany LC, Blake DB, Werner JE, & Glass A. (2009) Climate change and trophic response of the Antarctic bottom fauna. PloS one, 4(2). PMID: 19194490
Thatje, S., Anger, K., Calcagno, J., Lovrich, G., Pörtner, H., & Arntz, W. (2005) CHALLENGING THE COLD: CRABS RECONQUER THE ANTARCTIC. Ecology, 86(3), 619-625. DOI: 10.1890/04-0620
Thatje, S., Hall, S., Hauton, C., Held, C., & Tyler, P. (2008) Encounter of lithodid crab Paralomis birsteini on the continental slope off Antarctica, sampled by ROV. Polar Biology, 31(9), 1143-1148. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0457-5
- December 23, 2010
- 11:56 AM
- 1,982 views
I’m Bringing Home my Baby Bumble-Bee!
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
Won’t my mommy be so proud of me?
For a group of 8-10 year olds from an English elementary school, a group of parents are proud. Why? Because their sons and daughters produced a science project whose results were published in the most recent issue of Biological Bulletin, a fairly prestigious accomplishment even for scientists who do . . . → Read More: I’m Bringing Home my Baby Bumble-Bee!... Read more »
Blackawton, P., Airzee, S., Allen, A., Baker, S., Berrow, A., Blair, C., Churchill, M., Coles, J., Cumming, R., Fraquelli, L.... (2010) Blackawton bees. Biology Letters. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.1056
- November 19, 2010
- 03:13 PM
- 1,687 views
It’s not the size of the boat (or barnacle), but it’s the motion in the ocean (literally)
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
A clump on barnacles on one of my cinder blocks in Shinnecock Bay, NY
If you ever needed to know one thing about barnacles, its that they have large penises. Sure, you might be thinking barnacles are so small. But relative to total body size, they have the largest penises. It is a . . . → Read More: It’s not the size of the boat (or barnacle), but it’s the motion in the ocean (literally)... Read more »
J. Matthew Hoch. (2010) Effects of crowding and wave exposure on penis morphology of the acorn barnacle, Semibalanus balanoides. Marine Biology, 2783-2789. info:/10.1007/s00227-010-1536-z
- November 17, 2010
- 02:11 PM
- 2,077 views
“Snowball Earth” triggered animal evolution?
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
Now I am not going to try to pretend this entire Nature article. But I read about this as a small article on ScienceNow and decided it might be worth mentioning. Noah Planavsky and his colleagues recently reported in Nature about the evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir, and surmised that phosphate enrichment after the earth . . . → Read More: “Snowball Earth” triggered animal evolution?... Read more »
Planavsky NJ, Rouxel OJ, Bekker A, Lalonde SV, Konhauser KO, Reinhard CT, & Lyons TW. (2010) The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir. Nature, 467(7319), 1088-90. PMID: 20981096
- September 29, 2010
- 12:26 AM
- 973 views
The impacts of top predator declines...
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
(My best shark photo, sorry!)So I check out Underwater Times from time to time to see whats new in the underwater news world. So when I happened upon this article from the United Arab Emirates, it reminded me of a Science paper that came out a few years back that is near and dear to my heart. But first, the news article. Essentially, sharks are a major fishery in the Arabian Gulf. From 1985 to 2000, shark landings in the UAE ranged from 1350 to 1900 tons of sharks, and th........ Read more »
Myers RA, Baum JK, Shepherd TD, Powers SP, & Peterson CH. (2007) Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5820), 1846-50. PMID: 17395829
Stephen R. Fegley,* Charles H. Peterson, Nathan R. Geraldi and David W. Gaskill. (2009) Enhancing the Potential for Population Recovery: Restoration Options for Bay Scallop Populations, Argopecten irradians concentricus, in North Carolina. Journal of Shellfish Research, 28(3), 477-489. info:/10.2983/035.028.0309
- September 23, 2010
- 11:58 PM
- 680 views
Gelatinous zoop!
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
There is an interesting blog over on discovermagazine.com about the way sea walnuts (or ctenophores, or Mnemiopsis leidyi) feed (in addition to a cool video, which is posted below). Apparently, these organisms use their cilia to create almost undetectable currents, and they are then capable of catching unsuspecting prey with great efficiency. Due to their incredible ability to feed stealthily and efficiently, they have been particularly devastating invaders in European water bodies......... Read more »
McNamara, M., Lonsdale, D., & Cerrato, R. (2009) Shifting abundance of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the implications for larval bivalve mortality. Marine Biology, 157(2), 401-412. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1327-6
- August 24, 2010
- 09:01 PM
- 588 views
What would a Zostera blog be without a Zostera entry?
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
In the most recent issue of Marine Biology, there is a manuscript addressing the issue of 2 introduced species and their interactions with one another. Its an interesting read - one of the species is a commercially important bivalve, the Manila clam, which was introduced in the early 20th century and is now one of the most commercially harvested clams on the west coast of the US. The second is Zostera japonica, dwarf eelgrass, an introduced seagrass species which can establish itself on tidal ........ Read more »
Tsai, C., Yang, S., Trimble, A., & Ruesink, J. (2010) Interactions between two introduced species: Zostera japonica (dwarf eelgrass) facilitates itself and reduces condition of Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam) on intertidal flats. Marine Biology, 157(9), 1929-1936. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-010-1462-0
Irlandi, E., & Peterson, C. (1991) Modification of animal habitat by large plants: mechanisms by which seagrasses influence clam growth. Oecologia, 87(3), 307-318. DOI: 10.1007/BF00634584
Judge M, Coen L, Heck KL. (1993) Does Mercenaria mercenaria encounter elevated food levels in seagrass beds? Results from a novel technique to collect suspended food resources. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 141-150. info:/
- July 22, 2010
- 04:10 PM
- 568 views
Recruitment variation and the benthos - connected or not?
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
For years, the "supply-side" ecology has been a common theme describing mechanisms for benthic species distributions and densities. In general terms, the amount and extent of a particular organism is driven by the supply of larvae to a given area. This larval supply can thus be seen as driving benthic community structure, especially for marine invertebrates - as their life cycles contain a planktonic larval stage which allows for dispersal over relatively long distances. Thus, many of these p........ Read more »
LEWIN, R. (1986) Supply-Side Ecology: Existing models of population structure and dynamics of ecological communities have tended to ignore the effect of the influx of new members into the communities. Science, 234(4772), 25-27. DOI: 10.1126/science.234.4772.25
Dethier, M. (2010) Variation in recruitment does not drive the cline in diversity along an estuarine gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 43-54. DOI: 10.3354/meps08636
- June 24, 2010
- 04:45 PM
- 1,191 views
Atlantic Cod and Eelgrass, oh my!
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
Well, now I've seen everything. Well maybe not everything, but in all my NY diving, I had never seen this: eelgrass on an exposed, essentially oceanic sandy, rocky bottom, and a school of YOY cod. I have heard about eelgrass in these locations. I have heard that there have been increasing cod landings in NY over the past 2 winters. I have even read that juvenile cod utilize eelgrass. But I had never actually seen it until last week, when we dove along the south-western corner of Fisher's Is........ Read more »
Gorman, A., Gregory, R., & Schneider, D. (2009) Eelgrass patch size and proximity to the patch edge affect predation risk of recently settled age 0 cod (Gadus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 371(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.12.008
- June 4, 2010
- 10:23 AM
- 8,554 views
Marine ecology affected by the local weather
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
As marine scientists, sometimes we forget or don't even realize how much local baymen and fishermen actually know. Or maybe we don't trust them because they are "lay" persons. But they work the bay, they try to catch many of the species we study (as money is a big driver of research), and they know things. Local baymen who have worked the bay for years suggest that bay scallop recruitment is higher in years after cold/wet winters. Sometimes, we take what they say with a grain of salt. Howev........ Read more »
Strasser, M. (2001) Larval supply of predator and prey: temporal mismatch between crabs and bivalves after a severe winter in the Wadden Sea. Journal of Sea Research, 46(1), 57-67. DOI: 10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00063-6
Kimmel, D., Miller, W., Harding, L., Houde, E., & Roman, M. (2009) Estuarine Ecosystem Response Captured Using a Synoptic Climatology. Estuaries and Coasts, 32(3), 403-409. DOI: 10.1007/s12237-009-9147-y
- May 31, 2010
- 09:53 AM
- 1,448 views
Whacthu talkin 'bout? Ocean warming strengthens scallop recruitment?
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
Apparently, climate change might not be such a bad thing. Especially not if you are an exploited species of bivalve. Now I am not trying to be a climate change apologist, but too often we get caught up in this debate and science is 99% of the time on the side saying "It's bad." However, as I have learned in my own research with invasive species, there are always two sides to every coin. A warming ocean could be a benefit to numerous species, probably as many species as it might be of detrime........ Read more »
Shephard, S., Beukers-Stewart, B., Hiddink, J., Brand, A., & Kaiser, M. (2009) Strengthening recruitment of exploited scallops Pecten maximus with ocean warming. Marine Biology, 157(1), 91-97. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1298-7
- May 18, 2010
- 03:52 PM
- 1,350 views
Here today, gone tomorrow!
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
A complete and utter failure? You decide. Last fall I had the bright idea to track overwinter survival and subsequent spring conditioning for scallops released in different habitats (eelgrass - their preferred habitat, see Thayer and Stuart 1974; Codium fragile - an introduced macroalgae which we think might serve as a suitable alternate substrate in the absence of eelgrass; and unvegetated, as a baseline for comparison). I have examined these habitats for growth in juvenile scallops and have ........ Read more »
Thayer, GW, & Stuart, HH. (1974) The bay scallop makes its bed of seagrass. Marine Fisheries Review, 27-30. info:/
- May 16, 2010
- 11:20 PM
- 1,625 views
Spring Surveys
by John Carroll in Chronicles of Zostera
We are just about done with our spring benthic surveys in the Peconic Estuary. On Wednesday we surveyed a couple of sites around Orient Harbor, the location of the large suspended spawner sanctuary.At 2 of the sites we surveys we found scallops at higher densities than anticipated based on the fall survey results, suggesting higher overwinter survival (which can be a problem - Tettelbach et al 1990), and higher densities overall. These are very good signs, indicating that the restoratio........ Read more »
Carroll, J., Peterson, B., Bonal, D., Weinstock, A., Smith, C., & Tettelbach, S. (2009) Comparative survival of bay scallops in eelgrass and the introduced alga, Codium fragile, in a New York estuary. Marine Biology, 157(2), 249-259. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1312-0
Tettelbach, S.T., C.F. Smith, J.E. Kalady, T.W. Arroll and M.R. Denson. (1990) Burial of transplanted bay scallops Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck, 1819) in winter. . Journal of Shellfish Research, 127-134. info:/
Tettelbach, S., & Smith, C. (2009) Bay Scallop Restoration in New York. Ecological Restoration, 27(1), 20-22. DOI: 10.3368/er.27.1.20
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