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- October 15, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 379 views
How Accurate are Your Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy Tests?
by Jane McDevitt in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Proximal hamstring tendinopathy is an overuse injury and the main symptom is typically an ill-defined pain during activity in the area of the ischial tuberosity. Due to injuries with similar symptoms (e.g., piriformis syndrome) it is difficult to correctly diagnose proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity as well as the sensitivity and specificity of 3 pain provocation tests for the diagnosis of proximal hamstring tendinopathy.... Read more »
Cacchio A, Borra F, Severini G, Foglia A, Musarra F, Taddio N, & De Paulis F. (2012) Reliability and validity of three pain provocation tests used for the diagnosis of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(12), 883-7. PMID: 22219215
- October 12, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 342 views
Playing Surfaces May Influence the Risk of Football Injuries
by Nicole Cattano in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Artificial playing surfaces are frequently used in athletics due to their cost-effectiveness and all-weather benefits. However, the question remains whether or not these surfaces affect injury rates. Several studies have demonstrated an increased rate of injury on artificial turf, where others have shown that there is no difference. These two papers by Dragoo and Hershman investigate this concept, and pay particular attention to “third generation” or infill artificial surfaces which have a mat of artificial fibers that is filled with rubber particles.... Read more »
Dragoo JL, Braun HJ, & Harris AH. (2012) The effect of playing surface on the incidence of ACL injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association American Football. The Knee. PMID: 22920310
Hershman EB, Anderson R, Bergfeld JA, Bradley JP, Coughlin MJ, Johnson RJ, Spindler KP, Wojtys E, Powell JW, & for the National Football League Injury and Safety Panel. (2012) An Analysis of Specific Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Grass and FieldTurf Playing Surfaces in National Football League Games: 2000-2009 Seasons. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(10), 2200-2205. PMID: 22972855
- October 10, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 284 views
Baseline Variables and Outcomes After ACL Surgery: The Swedish National Anterior Cruciate Ligament Register
by Kyle Harris in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
National registers for recording medical data are becoming increasingly prevalent. The purpose of these registers is to compile information on a large number of patients to detect flaws in surgical procedure, implants, grafts, etc. One such register is the Swedish National ACLRegister, which was begun in 2005. The Swedish National ACL Register contains information on primary reconstructions, revision ACL surgery, and knee reoperations for other reasons. Using this data, Alden and colleagues set out to report baseline variables and patient-based outcomes from 2005 through December 2010.... Read more »
Ahldén M, Samuelsson K, Sernert N, Forssblad M, Karlsson J, & Kartus J. (2012) The Swedish national anterior cruciate ligament register: a report on baseline variables and outcomes of surgery for almost 18,000 patients. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(10), 2230-5. PMID: 22962296
- October 8, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 271 views
Risk Factors for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome and Tibial Stress Fractures in Runners
by Jill R. Crosson DO, MBA in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS), also known as ‘shin splints,’ is commonly seen in runners and can be a very frustrating and nagging injury. Tibial stress fractures (SF) are another significant injury that can potentially force athletes to take long periods of rest. Despite the high frequency of MTSS and the implications of SF, it is unclear what risk factors may be related to these conditions. Therefore, the authors of this study wanted to identify the incidence and also establish risk factors for these injuries.... Read more »
Yagi S, Muneta T, & Sekiya I. (2012) Incidence and risk factors for medial tibial stress syndrome and tibial stress fracture in high school runners. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. PMID: 22875369
- October 5, 2012
- 05:15 AM
- 331 views
Failed Healing of Rotator Cuff Repairs Relates to Degradative Enzymes Levels Prior to Repair
by Katie Reuther in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and disability. Surgical repair is often recommended in an attempt to reduce pain and restore function. Unfortunately, recurrent defects often persist (20-94% of cases) due to failure of the rotator cuff to heal. Several biologic and environmental factors have been implicated as important to tendon healing and remodeling; therefore, their presence (or lack thereof) may be critical when repairing torn rotator cuff tendons. The objective of this study was to identify histological characteristics and biologic factors present in the torn rotator cuff prior to repair and determine their relationship to tissue healing following repair.... Read more »
Robertson CM, Chen CT, Shindle MK, Cordasco FA, Rodeo SA, & Warren RF. (2012) Failed healing of rotator cuff repair correlates with altered collagenase and gelatinase in supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(9), 1993-2001. PMID: 22896627
- October 4, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 325 views
Return to High School- and College-Level Football After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
by Kathleen White in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among young football players. Surgical reconstruction is currently the most common intervention to facilitate return to play, however not all athletes are successful. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data regarding how many football players return to play and what factors may increase the risk of a player not being able to return to play. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of high school and college-level football players that returned to play at a minimum of 2 years after an ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and the reasons why players did not return to play.... Read more »
McCullough KA, Phelps KD, Spindler KP, Matava MJ, Dunn WR, Parker RD, MOON Group, & Reinke EK. (2012) Return to High School- and College-Level Football After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Cohort Study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. PMID: 22922520
- October 3, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 281 views
Implications for Dexamethasone Treatment of Tendon Injury
by Sarah Ilkhani-Pour in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Tendinopathy is a clinical diagnosis characterized by focal tenderness, activity-related pain, weakness, and increased tendon size. Unlike the commonly used term “tendinitis” suggests, inflammation is not normally seen in the late stages of tendinopathy but may be present in early stages. Clinically, despite lack of evidence of inflammation in chronic tendinopathy, prescription of glucocorticoids, such as Dexamethasone, is often used as a quick-fix to reduce pain and “inflammation”; however, some studies suggest that administration of such drugs may worsen tendon degeneration. Tendon stem cell differentiation into non-tenocytes may contribute to the progression of tendon degeneration. The authors of this article were interested in the effects of Dexamethasone specifically on tendon stem cells to suggest a cause for Dexamethasone-induced tendon damage.... Read more »
Zhang J, Keenan C, & Wang JH. (2012) The effects of dexamethasone on human patellar tendon stem cells: Implications for dexamethasone treatment of tendon injury. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. PMID: 22886634
- October 1, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 284 views
Adaptations of Shoulder Joint Stiffness may Lead to Increased Muscle Efficiency and Neuromuscular Control
by Jane McDevitt. in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
During overhead throwing energy must be absorbed and distributed across soft tissues (i.e., musculotendinous structures, joint capsule/ligaments) within a limited range of motion to minimize the risk of injuries. This is primarily accomplished by the interaction between the nervous and musculoskeletal systems that influences shoulder stiffness. Active stiffness, which combines passive (e.g., capsule, ligament, and tendons) with dynamic components (e.g., muscles co-contraction and reflex responses), is an adaptive process that can help maintain stability and dissipate energy during overhead throwing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify if healthy baseball players present with uni-lateral differences in neuromuscular control, posterior capsule thickness, and glenohumeral stiffness regulation, which could be related to repetitive throwing.... Read more »
Thomas SJ, Swanik CB, Higginson JS, Kaminski TW, Swanik KA, Kelly JD 4th, & Nazarian LN. (2012) Neuromuscular and stiffness adaptations in division I collegiate baseball players. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. PMID: 22898532
- September 28, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 457 views
New Evidence Supporting ACL Injury Prevention Warm-up Programs
by Stephen Stache, MD and Marc I. Harwood, MD in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Medications that improve the transmission of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, have been shown to improve functional outcomes in animal models of concussion. Amantadine, a dopaminergic agent, has recently been shown through preliminary research and anecdotal evidence to improve post-concussion cognitive function and symptoms such as attention, concentration, impulsivity, and fatigue. This retrospective study by Reddy, et al. examined the influence of amantadine on the improvement of cognitive deficits among 25 patients (11 male and 14 females, ~16 years old) who suffered a concussion and had no persistent symptoms.... Read more »
Reddy CC, Collins M, Lovell M, & Kontos AP. (2012) Efficacy of Amantadine Treatment on Symptoms and Neurocognitive Performance Among Adolescents Following Sports-Related Concussion. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. PMID: 22613947
- September 26, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 239 views
The Effectiveness of “The 11” in Preventing Injuries among Male Amateur Soccer Players
by Kyle Harris in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Incidence of injuries in soccer is among the highest of all team sports. FIFA developed an exercise program, called the 11, that focuses on injury prevention. This program has been tested among younger soccer players but not among male adults, which represents a large number of soccer players. Therefore, van Beijsterveldt and colleagues completed a cluster-randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of The 11 program to reduce the incidence and severity of injuries among adult male amateur soccer players.... Read more »
van Beijsterveldt AM, van de Port IG, Krist MR, Schmikli SL, Stubbe JH, Frederiks JE, & Backx FJ. (2012) Effectiveness of an injury prevention programme for adult male amateur soccer players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine. PMID: 22878257
- September 24, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 332 views
Do NSAID’s Delay Healing in Stress Fractures?
by Kris Fayock in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a commonly used medication for pain related to musculoskeletal injuries that can be obtained both over the counter and with a prescription. They act by inhibiting the effects of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a role in bone biology, specifically bone resorption by COX-2. Stress fractures are common injuries that affect many people of all ages and level of activity. There are studies that show negative effects of NSAIDs on complete fracture healing, but there is little data on the relationship of NSAIDs and stress fractures. Kidd et al, set out to determine the effects of three different NSAIDs on stress fracture healing and woven bone consolidation in an animal model using the rat ulna.... Read more »
Kidd LJ, Cowling NR, Wu AC, Kelly WL, & Forwood MR. (2012) Selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors delay stress fracture healing in the rat ulna. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. PMID: 22847634
- September 21, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 278 views
Survival of the ACL Graft and the Contralateral ACL at a Minimum of 15 Years
by Andrew Lynch in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Anterior cruciate ligament injury is devastating to the athletic career of an athlete, but it is also potentially only the beginning of knee problems for an athlete. ACL reconstruction likely follows, which can restore static stability (but not prevent the development of arthritis or guarantee a return to sports), but we know that there is at least some risk for suffering a graft injury or a contralateral ACL injury. However, like many aspects of function after ACL injury, we don’t have sample sizes large enough with adequate follow-up to determine the true prevalence or risk factors for these re-injuries. The purpose of this investigation was to do just that.... Read more »
Bourke HE, Salmon LJ, Waller A, Patterson V, & Pinczewski LA. (2012) Survival of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft and the Contralateral ACL at a Minimum of 15 Years. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(9), 1985-92. PMID: 22869626
- September 19, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 276 views
Calcium Phosphate Soaking to Improve ACL Graft Tendon-Bone Healing?
by Nicole Cattano in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is performed regularly in the orthopedic world with relatively favorable results. While the selection of a hamstring autograft allows for fewer issues at the harvest site than the patellar tendon autograft, the problem that arises is the lack of bone block to assure graft fixation and possible widening of bone tunnels over time. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of calcium phosphate (CaP) graft hybridization to improve graft fixation in comparison to a conventional single-bundle ACL reconstruction.... Read more »
Mutsuzaki H, Kanamori A, Ikeda K, Hioki S, Kinugasa T, & Sakane M. (2012) Effect of calcium phosphate-hybridized tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(8), 1772-80. PMID: 22713551
- September 17, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 231 views
Are Your Parents Cramping Your Style?
by Jane McDevitt in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Previous research has shown that variants, like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), within collagen genes (e.g., COL5A1, COL3A1, COL6A1, and COL12A1) can influence the structure and function of different collagen fibers. Furthermore, altered collagen fibers may be a predisposing factor to exercise-associated muscle cramping, however, research has yet to examine if genetic variants in these collagen genes are associated with a history of exercise-associated muscle cramping among runners. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if 4 SNPs within 4 different collagen genes were associated with a history of exercise-associated muscle cramping in ironman triathletes and ultra marathoners.... Read more »
O'Connell K, Posthumus M, Schwellnus MP, & Collins M. (2012) Collagen Genes and Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramping. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine. PMID: 22894972
- September 14, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 402 views
Factors Associated with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
by Hallie Labrador in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a very common diagnosis, making up about 25% of all running injuries. It can also be a very frustrating diagnosis for both patients and clinicians. Whereas short-term treatments can be successful in alleviating symptoms, long-term results are variable, and there is no definitive operative management for PFPS. Several studies have examined risk factors for the development of PFPS with the goal of directing treatments at modifiable factors. The purpose of this comprehensive, systematic review was to summarize which risk factors have been associated with PFPS.... Read more »
Lankhorst NE, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, & van Middelkoop M. (2012) Factors associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. PMID: 22815424
- September 12, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 326 views
Quadriceps Function in Braced ACL Reconstructed Patients
by Kyle Harris in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgeries many patients wear a variety of knee braces with the intent to increase joint stability and prevent further injury. However, little is known about the neuromuscular effects of these braces during exercise among patients with ACL reconstructions. Therefore, Davis and colleagues completed a crossover study to compare quadriceps muscle activation (maximal contraction and central activation ratio [CAR]) among 14 patients with ACL reconstructions (9 women, 5 men) while they exercised wearing an off-the-shelf ACL functional brace, neoprene sleeve, or nothing on the knee.... Read more »
Davis AG, Pietrosimone BG, Ingersoll CD, Pugh K, & Hart JM. (2011) Quadriceps function after exercise in patients with anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees wearing knee braces. Journal of Athletic Training, 46(6), 615-20. PMID: 22488186
- September 10, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 288 views
Can the Sleeper Stretch Increase Range of Motion and the Sub-Acromial Space?
by Stephen Thomas in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
It is well known that overhead athletes develop a loss of internal rotation (IR; also called glenohumeral internal rotation deficit or GIRD) and a gain of external rotation (ER). Recently, it has been demonstrated that baseball players with GIRD are more likely to develop shoulder injuries. It has been suggested that GIRD is caused by a tight posterior capsule and during ER the tight capsule may alter the arthrokinematics of the shoulder by moving the head of the humerus in a posterior-superior direction thereby decreasing the acromiohumeral distance (AHD). However, it currently unknown if this occurs and if stretching of the posterior shoulder improves motion and the AHD. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare bilateral AHD in overhead athletes with GIRD ( 15° loss of IR) and to examine the effect of the sleeper stretch on AHD and IR.... Read more »
Maenhout A, Van Eessel V, Van Dyck L, Vanraes A, & Cools A. (2012) Quantifying acromiohumeral distance in overhead athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation loss and the influence of a stretching program. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(9), 2105-12. PMID: 22869627
- September 7, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 431 views
New Evidence Supporting ACL Injury Prevention Warm-up Programs
by Christian Glaser in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Soccer is a popular sport throughout the world; however, female soccer athletes are much more prone to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than their male counterparts. One theory why female athletes are more prone to ACL injuries involves the different firing patterns of the muscles in the lower extremity in women compared to men, which leads to increased valgus load at the knee in females. Considering this hypothesis, is there a short, effective, and applicable intervention that could be implemented on a large scale to help prevent ACL injuries? The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular warm-up program to reduce acute knee injuries, and more specifically ACL injuries, among adolescent female soccer players.... Read more »
Waldén M, Atroshi I, Magnusson H, Wagner P, & Hägglund M. (2012) Prevention of acute knee injuries in adolescent female football players: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). PMID: 22556050
- September 5, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 323 views
The Accuracy of Hip Special Tests
by Nicole Cattano in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of diagnosed hip pathologies due to greater attention to this area. “Chronic groin pain” is no longer an accepted diagnosis for athletic injuries. Therefore, we need a closer look at the accuracy of hip special tests for athletic injuries to help determine which special tests can help us make differential diagnoses. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the literature on hip special tests to determine the accuracy of these tests in diagnosing hip pathologies.... Read more »
Reiman MP, Goode AP, Hegedus EJ, Cook CE, & Wright AA. (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests of the hip: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. PMID: 22773321
- September 4, 2012
- 12:04 AM
- 290 views
Re-evaluating RICE for Ankle Sprains
by Jane McDevitt in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE) is an easy and popular therapy option in the acute stage of an ankle sprain, however, there is a lack of evidence-based research supporting this treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of using RICE therapy within 72 hours after an ankle sprain.... Read more »
van den Bekerom MP, Struijs PA, Blankevoort L, Welling L, Van Dijk CN, & Kerkhoffs GM. (2012) What is the evidence for rest, ice, compression, and elevation therapy in the treatment of ankle sprains in adults?. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(4), 435-43. PMID: 22889660
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