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exposure/effect
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- June 7, 2010
- 11:10 PM
- 999 views
And people worry about cancer from pesticides on their food…
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
A recent study published in Environmental Health Perspectives looked at the relationship between aflatoxin, produced by certain mold growing on food, and liver cancer. The results are a bit of an eye opener – they suggest that, at the upper end of their estimate, aflatoxin may cause almost 30% of all cases of liver cancer [...]... Read more »
Liu, Y., & Wu, F. (2010) Global Burden of Aflatoxin-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Risk Assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(6), 818-824. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901388
- April 15, 2011
- 07:19 PM
- 985 views
Does aspartame cause cancer?
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
Aspartame and other artificial sweeteners have long been a source of controversy and debate regarding whether or not it has adverse health effects. Among the effects claimed, perhaps the most serious is potential carcinogenicity. However, industry and regulators generally maintain there is no evidence of carcinogenicity. Is the risk real? To answer this question, I’ll [...]... Read more »
Magnuson, B., Burdock, G., Doull, J., Kroes, R., Marsh, G., Pariza, M., Spencer, P., Waddell, W., Walker, R., & Williams, G. (2007) Aspartame: A Safety Evaluation Based on Current Use Levels, Regulations, and Toxicological and Epidemiological Studies. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(8), 629-727. DOI: 10.1080/10408440701516184
Soffritti, M., Belpoggi, F., Tibaldi, E., Esposti, D., & Lauriola, M. (2007) Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning during Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(9), 1293-1297. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10271
- March 2, 2011
- 11:43 PM
- 961 views
Causes of high mercury levels
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
This is the second in a planned series of posts relating to mercury exposure and toxicity (see also Part 1: measuring mercury exposure). In this part I’m going to look at some of the causes of high mercury levels measured in the population, and specifically at a recent population biomonitoring study conducted in New York [...]... Read more »
McKelvey, W., Jeffery, N., Clark, N., Kass, D., & Parsons, P. (2010) Population-Based Inorganic Mercury Biomonitoring and the Identification of Skin Care Products as a Source of Exposure in New York City. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(2), 203-209. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002396
- April 27, 2011
- 08:40 PM
- 798 views
How toxic is BPA?
by ashartus in exposure/effect
ResearchBlogging.org
The toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) has been a fairly controversial subject for a while. Industry groups have been fairly adamant about its safety, while many environmental groups suggest it is causing adverse health effects in humans. Messages from regulatory agencies have been fairly mixed, or even confusing.... Read more »
Hengstler, J., Foth, H., Gebel, T., Kramer, P., Lilienblum, W., Schweinfurth, H., Völkel, W., Wollin, K., & Gundert-Remy, U. (2011) Critical evaluation of key evidence on the human health hazards of exposure to bisphenol A. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 41(4), 263-291. DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.558487
- July 4, 2011
- 05:13 PM
- 752 views
Cell phones and cancer – revisited
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
A few weeks ago the classification of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF, the radiation from cell phones) as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) made headlines. At the time, my position was that it is hard to draw conclusions from a press release, but that given the criteria for [...]... Read more »
Baan, R., Grosse, Y., Lauby-Secretan, B., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Islami, F., Galichet, L., & Straif, K. (2011) Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. The Lancet Oncology, 12(7), 624-626. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70147-4
Swerdlow, A.J., Feychting, M., Green, A.C., Kheifets, L., & Savitz, D.A. (2011) Mobile Phones, Brain Tumours and the Interphone Study: Where Are We Now?. Environmnetal Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103693
- December 29, 2010
- 05:48 PM
- 714 views
Fluoride and IQ
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
One effect that has been claimed for fluoridation of drinking water that I didn’t really examine in my previous examination of fluoride toxicity is reduced IQ. The major regulatory reviews have previously concluded there is no evidence for any such link at relevant concentrations, but a new study published ahead of print in Environmental Health [...]... Read more »
Xiang, Q., Liang, Y., & Chen, B. (2010) Serum Fluoride Level and Children's Intelligence Quotient in Two Villages in China. Environmental Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003171
- September 24, 2010
- 10:57 PM
- 687 views
Manganese in drinking water
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
A new study has been appearing in news reports over the past couple of days: a group of researchers found that children drinking water with high levels of manganese had lower IQs than children drinking water with lower levels of manganese. Obviously no parent wants their children to have a lower IQ, but the media [...]... Read more »
Bouchard, M., Sauvé, S., Barbeau, B., Legrand, M., Brodeur, M., Bouffard, T., Limoges, E., Bellinger, D., & Mergler, D. (2010) Intellectual Impairment in School-Age Children Exposed to Manganese from Drinking Water. Environmental Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002321
- January 24, 2011
- 11:12 PM
- 666 views
The DDT Dilemna
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
The insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenytrichloroethane) has been in the public mind ever since Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring was published in 1962. Growing awareness of its environmental effects, persistence, biomagnification in food chains, and presence in humans (including in breast milk) led to severe restrictions being placed on its use, particularly in the developed world. However, its [...]... Read more »
Bouwman, H., van den Berg, H., & Kylin, H. (2011) DDT and Malaria Prevention: Addressing the Paradox. Environmental Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002127
- June 30, 2010
- 03:39 PM
- 651 views
Baby and toddler foods – not as healthy as we’d hope
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
ResearchBlogging.org
A recent paper published by Charlene Elliott of the University of Calgary in the Journal of Public Health evaluated the salt and sugar contents in baby and toddler foods; the results are a bit disturbing. While I think most people would expect baby food to be reasonably healthy, it turns out that it’s probably just as bad as processed adult foods.... Read more »
Elliott, C. (2010) Sweet and salty: nutritional content and analysis of baby and toddler foods. Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdq037
- July 17, 2010
- 12:41 PM
- 646 views
Human health effects of oil spills and implications for the BP spill
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
A lot of the media (and scientific) attention to oil spills in the ocean focuses on the effects on marine ecosystems. The ecological effects, particularly in the short term, are undeniable – the pictures of oil-soaked birds are an obvious example. However, less attention is given to the potential effects on human health – both [...]... Read more »
Aguilera, F., Méndez, J., Pásaro, E., & Laffon, B. (2010) Review on the effects of exposure to spilled oils on human health. Journal of Applied Toxicology. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1521
- November 24, 2010
- 10:28 PM
- 620 views
San Antonio Statement on Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
A group of nearly 150 scientists has signed a statement about brominated and chlorinated flame retardants (BFRs and CFRs), essentially asking for some serious thought to be given about whether we really need to be using them the way we are. BFRs and CFRs have been used in a wide range of products due to [...]... Read more »
DiGangi, J., Blum, A., Bergman, �., de Wit, C., Lucas, D., Mortimer, D., Schecter, A., Scheringer, M., Shaw, S., & Webster, T. (2010) San Antonio Statement on Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(12). DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003089
- August 12, 2010
- 02:03 PM
- 619 views
Good news for cyclists
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
Several researchers in the Netherlands recently looked at the effects of riding a bike vs. driving a car on health – more specifically mortality and life expectancy. After considering the health benefits of increased physical activity vs. the effects of increased air pollution exposure and increase in traffic accidents, they concluded that on average people [...]... Read more »
Johan de Hartog, J., Boogaard, H., Nijland, H., & Hoek, G. (2010) Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks?. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(8), 1109-1116. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901747
- November 11, 2010
- 12:15 PM
- 611 views
Perfluorinated chemical exposure from food wrappers
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
Perfluorinated chemicals, which are organic molecules with several fluoride atoms attached to the carbon chain, have had a fair amount of attention from environmental scientists over the past several years, primarily due to their long persistence in the environment. They’ve been used in a large number of consumer products – probably best known for non-stick [...]... Read more »
D'eon, J., & Mabury, S. (2010) Exploring Indirect Sources of Human Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates (PFCAs): Evaluating Uptake, Elimination and Biotransformation of Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Esters (PAPs) in the Rat. Environmental Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002409
- September 13, 2010
- 11:38 PM
- 608 views
Chemical hazards from swimming pools?
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
Three new “ahead of print” articles in Environmental Health Perspectives look at potential health effects from swimming in pools with chlorinated water. One study (by Richardson et al.) identified the disinfection by-products present in chlorinated and brominated swimming pool water, and related them to mutagenicity. A pair of related studies looked at biomarkers of genotoxicity/carcinogenicity [...]... Read more »
Kogevinas, M., Villanueva, C., Font-Ribera, L., Liviac, D., Bustamante, M., Espinoza, F., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Espinosa, A., Fernandez, P., DeMarini, D.... (2010) Genotoxic Effects in Swimmers Exposed to Disinfection By-products in Indoor Swimming Pools. Environmental Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1001959
- September 7, 2010
- 10:37 PM
- 557 views
Relating BPA in urine to exposure doses
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
A couple of weeks ago I discussed measurement of chemicals in blood and urine and what it actual means; as part of the post I did a quick “back of the envelope” calculation to relate the BPA (bisphenol A) concentrations in urine that had the media so worked up to estimated exposure doses and what [...]... Read more »
Krishnan, K., Gagné, M., Nong, A., Aylward, L., & Hays, S. (2010) Biomonitoring Equivalents for bisphenol A (BPA). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 58(1), 18-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.06.005
- May 29, 2011
- 10:53 PM
- 463 views
Health effects from chemical exposures – not just a modern phenomenon
by Ashartus in exposure/effect
When we think about exposures to chemicals causing adverse effects on human health, there is a tendency to view this as a product of modern industrial societies. To some extent this is true – there are certainly potentially hazardous chemicals we are exposed to as a result of our lifestyles, such as volatile chemicals in [...]... Read more »
Wärmländer, S., Sholts, S., Erlandson, J., Gjerdrum, T., & Westerholm, R. (2011) Could the Health Decline of Prehistoric California Indians be Related to Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Natural Bitumen?. Environmental Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103478
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