by Gunnar de Winter in United Academics
A new study has shown that our bias towards good news can be decreased through brain stimulation. But should we do this?... Read more »
Sharot, T, Kanai, R, Marstonc, D, Kornd, CW, Rees, G, & Dolanf, RJ. (2012) Selectively altering belief formation in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205828109
by Mark Fonseca Rendeiro in United Academics
I'm sure you knew or at least presumed that the whole "Jurassic Park" method of bringing back Dinosaurs from in tact DNA samples could not be possible. But now we have new research that proves once and for all, that DNA cannot stay in tact for 80 million years (and then used by a wealthy entrepreneur to create a park full of dinosaurs).... Read more »
Morten E. Allentoft, Matthew Collins, David Harker, James Haile, Charlotte L. Oskam, Marie L. Hale, Paula F. Campos, Jose A. Samaniego, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Eske Willerslev.... (2012) The half-life of DNA in bone: measuring decay kinetics in 158 dated fossils. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1745
by Cobb & Hecht in Do You Believe In Dog?
Hey Julie,What a great topic to bring to the table: that what we, as people, like to see in our dogs, may not always be in the dogs' best interests. Indeed. Considering that got me thinking not just about the features we select for when breeding dogs, but also our track record in surgically altering the appearance of dogs through procedures like ear cropping and tail docking, for the purpose of owner satisfaction in how the dog looks.A postcard used in an RSPCA awareness campaign in Australia.Don't worry, I'm not going to show a whole lot of disturbing images, but I would like to talk about the role scientific assessment and objectivity can play as a catalyst for change in regards to animal welfare issues. Pauleen Bennett (source)My PhD supervisor, Pauleen Bennett, founder of the Anthrozoology Research Group and Executive Director and Chair of the Australian Anthrozoology Research Foundation, contributed significantly to ending the stand-off surrounding the issue of 'tail docking' occurring in Australia around ten years ago. She has bred and shown pure breed dogs, so had contact with people and pure-breed dog associations who were strongly opposed to the calls from welfare organisations and veterinary groups to ban the practice of tail docking in Australia. This issue really came to light following anti-docking legislation (except where medically indicated by a vet) being implemented in several Scandinavian and other European countries in the mid-late 1990's. Several main arguments founded in historic practice and emotive reactions were blocking the cessation of tail docking in Australia. Pauleen's review of these issues surrounding tail docking systematically identified and considered the main arguments proposed for continued docking:Maintaining tradition / The breed standard called for a docked tail.The public would not recognise these breeds without their docked tails.The dogs will injure their tails if undocked.The dogs will get dirty tails if undocked.Personal preference (less likely to knock over furniture items, prefer the look, etc.).Within this paper, she also considered the arguments for ceasing tail docking in the same objective and non-emotive manner. The objective and informed facts:Tail docking is painful. It was routinely done to young pups (1-5 days old) who are unable to be anaesthetised (too young) and not given pain relief. Young puppies can feel acute pain.Tails are major communication tools for dogs.Tail docking approx. 500 dogs may avoid one tail injury. (To give this some context with a human flavour, approximately 1 in 255 people fracture their arms annually in the USA, but funnily enough, Americans don’t amputate babies’ arms at birth to avoid this.)Some traditions need to be ceased in light of new information and changing societal expectations/norms. ... Read more »
BENNETT PC, & PERINI E. (2003) Tail docking in dogs: a review of the issues. Australian Veterinary Journal, 81(4), 218. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11473.x
NOONAN GJ, RAND JS, BLACKSHAW JK, & PRIEST J. (1996) Tail docking in dogs: A sample of attitudes of veterinarians and dog breeders in Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal, 73(3), 88. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09982.x
WANSBROUGH ROBERT K. (1996) Cosmetic tail docking of dogs. Australian Veterinary Journal, 74(1), 63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb13737.x
Diesel G., Pfeiffer D., Crispin S., & Brodbelt D. (2010) Risk factors for tail injuries in dogs in Great Britain. Veterinary Record, 166(26), 817. DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4880
Leaver , & Reimchen . (2008) Behavioural responses of Canis familiaris to different tail lengths of a remotely-controlled life-size dog replica. Behaviour, 145(3), 390. DOI: 10.1163/156853908783402894
by Carian Thus in United Academics
The Great Barrier Reef has lost more than half of its coral during the last 27 years, according to new research.... Read more »
De’atha, G, Fabriciusa, KE, Sweatmana, H, & Puotinenb, M. (2012) The 27–year decline of coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef and its causes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208909109
by Cobb & Hecht in Do You Believe In Dog?
Hey Julie,I’m glad you’re a fan of Paul McGreevy’s too! I admire so much of the work he’s done (and facilitated or helped others to do). He’s not afraid to raise sensitive topics and tricky questions through his science and I appreciate that enormously.Your last post got me thinking about who my canine science (or general doggy-people) heroes are – I’m still pondering on this, but there are plenty of them!(source)I think I’ll get back to you with my conclusions and explanations another day after I’ve had some more time to ruminate on it a bit more.Meanwhile, I wanted to get back to you to talk fat dogs.Sampson, June 2011 (source)One of my local animal shelters was attracting global attention recently when 8 year old Sampson was surrendered to the shelter for rehoming and weighed in at a whopping 84kg (that’s 185lbs). Sampson’s not alone. Up to 40% of Australia’s pet dog population are overweight ad this is comparable to other developed nations. The weird thing is – why? Vanessa RohlfAs pet owners, we humans are in control of their food, we understand that amount of food + amount of exercise = pet weight. We even have ept food companies who have developed weight control formulas so we can feed 'more' but give 'less' - so why can’t some people control the balance to keep our pets healthy?(source)Vanessa Rohlf is a fellow PhD candidate of mine in the Anthrozoology Research Group and she has done some excellent work looking into this area of pet owner/caregiver psychology.... Read more »
Rohlf Vanessa I., Toukhsati Samia, Coleman Grahame J., & Bennett Pauleen C. (2010) Dog Obesity: Can Dog Caregivers' (Owners') Feeding and Exercise Intentions and Behaviors Be Predicted From Attitudes?. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 13(3), 236. DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2010.483871
Rohlf Vanessa I., Bennett Pauleen C., Toukhsati Samia, & Coleman Grahame. (2010) Why Do Even Committed Dog Owners Fail to Comply with Some Responsible Ownership Practices?. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People , 23(2), 155. DOI: 10.2752/175303710X12682332909972
by Melanie Tannenbaum in PsySociety
“Our environment, the world in which we live and work, is a mirror of our attitudes and expectations.” – Earl Nightingale, American motivational speaker In 1898, Norman Triplett stumbled upon an interesting observation as he watched a group of cyclists … Continue reading →... Read more »
Milgram, S. (1963) Behavioral Study of Obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371-378. DOI: 10.1037/h0040525
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 379-399. DOI: 10.1037/h0046234
Latane, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979) Many Hands Make Light The Work: The Causes and Consequences of Social Loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.822
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
State SAT and ACT scores follow a North-South divide that somewhat fits the spread of racial diversity.... Read more »
Duckworth AL, Quinn PD, Lynam DR, Loeber R, & Stouthamer-Loeber M. (2011) Role of test motivation in intelligence testing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(19), 7716-20. PMID: 21518867
by Katja Keuchenius in United Academics
The emancipation of female students seems to go well. Every year more and more women enter universities and manage to get their degree. But is it because they are finally seen as equal to their male counterparts? Or because they have learned to perform disproportionately well, in spite of gender discrimination?... Read more »
Moss-Racusin CA, Dovidio JF, Brescoll VL, Graham MJ, & Handelsman J. (2012) Science faculty's subtle gender biases favor male students. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID: 22988126
by Annemarie van Oosten in United Academics
With the rise of “girl power” and girls outperforming boys at school, it seems we are at the dawn of a new “post-feminist” world where women have achieved equality with men in many aspects. Young girls growing up these days do not need to worry about their place in Western society. Or do they?... Read more »
J. Landreau, N. M. Rodriguez. (2011) Phallic girls?: girls’ negotiations of phallogocentric power. Queer Masculinities: A Critical Reader in Education. info:/
by Cobb & Hecht in Do You Believe In Dog?
Hi Julie, Today I want to tell you all about the great time I had last week. But first, you have to know about my lovely friend, Kate. We originally met through our research group at Monash University. We’re colleagues who have completing our PhD’s (both aiming to complete SOON) in common, but we also share a background in Zoology and the fact we have been juggling our research with our work for the past few years. Kindred spirits!This is Kate!Kate works primarily as an animal behaviourist (you can check out her business website, or follow her on facebook), but she is also a media personality, experienced freelance writer and delivers professional and public training workshops. The Melbourne Aquarium asked Kate to come and present to their staff about the ‘Science of Animal Behaviour and Training’ and Kate asked me to come along to help out.Hello penguins!I said yes. Kate’s presentations comprised of theoretical (learning), observational (watching) and practical (doing) exercises. It is always so good to see ongoing professional development in any workplace and the aquarium staff were really engaged and enthusiastic participants. I took lots of fun video footage that you would have seen on our facebook page.Kate’s a great presenter and someone who believes in the fact we (as people) never stop learning. She lives this belief and engages in lots of ongoing professional training opportunities in furthering her understanding of animal behaviour and how we can influence it. For example, she just got back from learning with Ken Ramirez at Shedd Aquarium and over the past few years has also been to Natural Encounters Inc and done chicken camp with Terry Ryan. So what does this have to do with dogs? So much!Animal training specialists understand about animal behaviour (taking into account the individual animal’s history and the effect of the current environment) and the science of learning theory. They use this knowledge to help shape animal behaviour to improve things like animal welfare, enrichment goals and human safety.Divers do group fish feeds in the large aquarium in front of the public. There are big sharks and stingrays in there.(source)... Read more »
Haverbeke A., Laporte B., Depiereux E., Giffroy J.-M., & Diederich C. (2008) Training methods of military dog handlers and their effects on the team's performances. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 113(1-3), 122. DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2007.11.010
by Cobb & Hecht in Do You Believe In Dog?
Absolutely loving the Real Gosling tumblr - this made my week!Hey Julie!Yes, I swear I'm not ignoring you or your questions and I will get back to you about all the juicy things you raised in your last post. But now I'm home from Canberra, I really need to tell you about the AAWS National Workshop while it's all fresh. As I mentioned in my previous AAWS post, I’ve been part of the AAWS ‘working dog working group sub-group’ since 2007. At this year’s workshop I presented about the two working dog welfare research projects that AAWS have funded over the past few years. read the report hereThe first-ever Australian Working Dog Survey in 2009 (you can read the full report here) and the follow up Australian Working Dog Industry Action Plan that was submitted to government mid-year (and as of Friday, I’m happy to report it’s also available online: the summary and full report are available here). The ‘Survey’ was the first of its kind in the world and gathered benchmarking data about the sourcing, breeding, raising, assessment, training, trainer education, housing, health care and end points of 4,195 of Australia's working dogs. As you know, it's a really diverse industry including dogs from private (e.g. farm), government (e.g. military & police), assistance/service (e.g. guide/seing eye) and sporting (e.g. racing greyhounds) sectors.Access the full Plan hereThese preliminary findings were then extended in the ‘Action Plan’ to provide a three year strategic plan that will aid to unite and engage the various Australian Working Dog Industry sectors to advance the welfare and productivity of Australia’s iconic working dogs. I've been very fortunate to collaborate with Dr Nick Branson and Professor Paul McGreevy on these two research projects and it was really fun to share the project outcomes with the extended AAWS stakeholder group. It was a great feeling to receive lots of positive feedback and interest in the projects. There were lots of great questions and even expressions of interests from other animal sector groups (cows! horses!) wanting to learn more about the process to be able to apply a similar approach to help break down their big picture goals into achievable targets and strategies.Working at the interface between research and industry has lots of challenges, but I have always enjoyed problem solving. I feel that these kind of initiatives make the best use of my background and also feeds that passion of working 'like a dog' to make a difference. And I like that - a lot.So getting back to our Real Gosling buddy up there - you like my slides, huh? Well OK - you might as well see them all and hear my talk then!... Read more »
Branson N. J., & Rogers L. J. (2006) Relationship between paw preference strength and noise phobia in Canis familiaris. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 120(3), 183. DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.120.3.176
McGreevy Paul D., Starling Melissa, Branson N.J., Cobb Mia L., & Calnon Debbie. (2012) An overview of the dog–human dyad and ethograms within it. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 7(2), 117. DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2011.06.001
by Cobb & Hecht in Do You Believe In Dog?
Prepare to be AAWS-struck: animal welfare, working dog projects and oh yes - a youtube debut.... Read more »
Branson N. J., & Rogers L. J. (2006) Relationship between paw preference strength and noise phobia in Canis familiaris. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 120(3), 183. DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.120.3.176
McGreevy Paul D., Starling Melissa, Branson N.J., Cobb Mia L., & Calnon Debbie. (2012) An overview of the dog–human dyad and ethograms within it. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 7(2), 117. DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2011.06.001
by Carian Thus in United Academics
Many people start their day surrounded by the delicious scent of freshly brewed coffee. But after one sip, the disappointing reality sets in: coffee never tastes as good as it smells.... Read more »
Rozin, P. (1982) “Taste-smell confusions” and the duality of the olfactory sense. Attention, Perception, , 31(4). DOI: 10.3758/BF03202667
Smith B. (2012) Perspective: complexities of flavour. Nature, 486(7403). PMID: 22717402
by Anatoliy Gruzd in Social Media Lab
During the 2011 Canadian Federal Election, a lot was written about the influence of social media on the election. On some level this is not very surprising. In just a short period of time, social media have altered many aspects of our daily lives, from how we teach and learn, to how we find and … Continue reading »... Read more »
Girish J. Gulatia* . (2010) Congressional candidates’ use of YouTube in 2008: Its frequency and rationale. Journal of Information Technology , 7(2-3). DOI: 10.1080/19331681003748958
by Mark Fonseca Rendeiro in United Academics
Migration and Immigration are a standard part of life yet contreversial topics according to political tides and public opinion in Europe. The issue of trust, and to what degree there is trust in places where there is great ethnic diversity, is one that can be complex to understand and filled with assumptions that dictate policy and what we perceive to be reality.... Read more »
Anna Zimdars, & Gindo Tampubolon. (2012) Ethnic Diversity and European's Generalised Trust: How Inclusive Immigration Policy Can Aid a Positive Association. Sociological Research Online. DOI: 10.5153/sro.2643
by Andrew Porterfield in United Academics
Most metallic things around us—bridges, microchip wires, buildings—are made of arrays of tiny crystals that owe their strength to an orderly, repeating pattern of grains. However, these mixtures, or alloys, of different metals are unstable; under heat or stress they tend to meld together and become larger and weaker. But the right mix can produce a metal that’s stronger, more heat-resistant and capable of creating structures never thought possible.... Read more »
Tongjai Chookajorn, Heather A. Murdoch, Christopher A. Schuh. (2012) Design of Stable Nanocrystalline Alloys. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1224737
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
Early genome-wide association studies suggest a genetic propensity to thinness in Asians. I review how these kinds of studies might be able to reveal genetic racial differences in obesity and intelligence, and I address a few of the challenges to doing so.... Read more »
Belsky DW, Moffitt TE, Houts R, Bennett GG, Biddle AK, Blumenthal JA, Evans JP, Harrington H, Sugden K, Williams B.... (2012) Polygenic risk, rapid childhood growth, and the development of obesity: evidence from a 4-decade longitudinal study. Archives of pediatrics , 166(6), 515-21. PMID: 22665028
Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, & Ogden CL. (2012) Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 307(5), 491-7. PMID: 22253363
Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Meigs JB, Mayer-Davis E, Herring A, Yan S, Zhang B, Shufa D, & Popkin BM. (2012) Discordant Risk: Overweight and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese adults Gordon-Larsen: Overweight and Cardiometabolic Risk in China. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). PMID: 22714089
Granka, JM, Henn, BM, Gignoux, CR, Kidd, JM, Bustamante, CD, & Feldman, MW. (2012) Limited Evidence for Classic Selective Sweeps in African Populations. Genetics. DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.144071
Heid IM, Jackson AU, Randall JC, Winkler TW, Qi L, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Zillikens MC, Speliotes EK, Mägi R.... (2010) Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. Nature genetics, 42(11), 949-60. PMID: 20935629
Hsu FC, Lenchik L, Nicklas BJ, Lohman K, Register TC, Mychaleckyj J, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, & Carr JJ. (2005) Heritability of body composition measured by DXA in the diabetes heart study. Obesity research, 13(2), 312-9. PMID: 15800289
Kilpeläinen TO, Zillikens MC, Stančákova A, Finucane FM, Ried JS, Langenberg C, Zhang W, Beckmann JS, Luan J, Vandenput L.... (2011) Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nature genetics, 43(8), 753-60. PMID: 21706003
Lohmueller KE, Indap AR, Schmidt S, Boyko AR, Hernandez RD, Hubisz MJ, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, Sunyaev SR, Nielsen R.... (2008) Proportionally more deleterious genetic variation in European than in African populations. Nature, 451(7181), 994-7. PMID: 18288194
MacArthur DG, Balasubramanian S, Frankish A, Huang N, Morris J, Walter K, Jostins L, Habegger L, Pickrell JK, Montgomery SB.... (2012) A systematic survey of loss-of-function variants in human protein-coding genes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6070), 823-8. PMID: 22344438
Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C.... (2009) Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nature genetics, 41(2), 157-9. PMID: 19151714
Scherag A, Dina C, Hinney A, Vatin V, Scherag S, Vogel CI, Müller TD, Grallert H, Wichmann HE, Balkau B.... (2010) Two new Loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in French and german study groups. PLoS genetics, 6(4). PMID: 20421936
Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, Jackson AU, Lango Allen H, Lindgren CM, Luan J, Mägi R.... (2010) Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nature genetics, 42(11), 937-48. PMID: 20935630
Tennessen JA, Bigham AW, O'Connor TD, Fu W, Kenny EE, Gravel S, McGee S, Do R, Liu X, Jun G.... (2012) Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6090), 64-9. PMID: 22604720
Zuk O, Hechter E, Sunyaev SR, & Lander ES. (2012) The mystery of missing heritability: Genetic interactions create phantom heritability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(4), 1193-8. PMID: 22223662
by Cobb & Hecht in Do You Believe In Dog?
Hey Julie,Thanks for all that humping info – it’s humptastic!I am going to get back to you about humping in working dogs another day as I want to give my response a whole post which I can’t do today. Today I need to tell you about AAWS. That’s because AAWS has been in my head all day while I’ve been working on a presentation I’ll be giving next week at the sixth annual ‘Australian Animal Welfare Strategy (AAWS) National Workshop’. The AAWS was developed by the Australian Government with assistance from the National Consultative Committee on Animal Welfare, in consultation with state and territory governments, animal industry experts and organisations, animal welfare groups and the general public. Stakeholders can be very diverse! (source/source) The strategy is for all Australian community stakeholders. Stakeholders are people with an interest or concern in animal welfare. In the context of the AAWS, they might be animal owners, veterinarians, livestock producers, researchers or people involved in animal welfare bodies or government agencies. The AAWS is intended to improve the welfare of all animals, in all Australian states and territories. I have been involved with AAWS since 2007 as a member of a working group. Working groups are comprised of members from government, industry and sector specialist organisations, as well as animal welfare organisations. The role of working groups is to connect the AAWS process and stakeholder networks through discussion forums, the development of projects (including research) and provision of expert advice to support development in each of these key animal areas: • livestock/production animals ... Read more »
Mellor David J., & Bayvel Angus Campbell David. (2008) New Zealand's inclusive science-based system for setting animal welfare standards. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 113(4), 329. DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.01.010
by Mark Fonseca Rendeiro in United Academics
Good news green tea drinkers, researchers in China have found that properties of green tea are good for your brain in ways you may have never expected. ... Read more »
Yanyan Wang, Maoquan Li, Xueqing Xu, Min Song, Huansheng Tao, & Yun Bai. (2012) Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) promotes neural progenitor cell proliferation and sonic hedgehog pathway activation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Journal of Molecular Nutrition . DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200035
by Mark Fonseca Rendeiro in United Academics
Do you love green tea and drink it often? Well there’s some good news for you, according to new research published in the journal of Molecular Nutricion and Food Research, green tea is good for brain cells, specifically for memory and spatial learning.... Read more »
Yanyan Wang, Maoquan Li, Xueqing Xu, Min Song, Huansheng Tao, & Yun Bai. (2012) Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) promotes neural progenitor cell proliferation and sonic hedgehog pathway activation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Journal of Molecular Nutrition . DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200035
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