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  • July 19, 2010
  • 09:53 PM
  • 566 views

New Evidence for an Ocean on Mars?

by Ryan in The Martian Chronicles

There’s a new Nature Geoscience paper that has made a big splash in the Mars community, reviving interest in the possibility of a northern ocean. This news was making the rounds a couple weeks ago, but I decided to hold off because at last week’s Mars Journal Club we discussed the paper. The idea behind [...]... Read more »

  • July 19, 2010
  • 12:19 PM
  • 869 views

This Week in the Universe: July 13th – July 19th

by S.C. Kavassalis in The Language of Bad Physics

What have people been talking about this week in high energy physics, astrophysics, gravitation, general relativity and quantum gravity?... Read more »

F. Courbin, M. Tewes, S. G. Djorgovski, D. Sluse, A. Mahabal, F. Rerat, & G. Meylan. (2010) First case of strong gravitational lensing by a QSO : SDSS J0013 1523 at z . Astronomy . arXiv: 1002.4991v2

Daniel T. Cumberbatch, Joyce. A. Guzik, Joseph Silk, L. Scott Watson, & Stephen M. West. (2010) Light WIMPs in the Sun: Constraints from Helioseismology. arXiv. arXiv: 1005.5102v1

Eugenio Bianchi, & Carlo Rovelli. (2010) Why all these prejudices against a constant?. arXiv. arXiv: 1002.3966v3

Attila Meszaros, Lajos G. Balazs, Zsolt Bagoly, & Peter Veres. (2010) Impact on cosmology of the celestial anisotropy of the short gamma-ray bursts. Baltic Astronomy, Vol.18, 293-296 (2009). arXiv: 1005.1558v1

Chris Clarkson, & Roy Maartens. (2010) Inhomogeneity and the foundations of concordance cosmology. Class. Quantum Grav. 27 124008 (2010). arXiv: 1005.2165v2

Mosconi, M., Fujii, K., Mengoni, A., Domingo-Pardo, C., Käppeler, F., Abbondanno, U., Aerts, G., Álvarez-Pol, H., Alvarez-Velarde, F., Andriamonje, S.... (2010) Neutron physics of the Re/Os clock. I. Measurement of the (n,γ) cross sections of ^{186,187,188}Os at the CERN n_TOF facility. Physical Review C, 82(1). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.015802  

Nikodem J. Poplawski. (2010) Cosmology with torsion - an alternative to cosmic inflation. arXiv. arXiv: 1007.0587v1

Petr Horava, & Charles M. Melby-Thompson. (2010) General Covariance in Quantum Gravity at a Lifshitz Point. arXiv. arXiv: 1007.2410v1

Samuel E. Gralla, & Robert M. Wald. (2009) Derivation of Gravitational Self-Force. arXiv. arXiv: 0907.0414v1

J. Ambjorn, A. Goerlich, J. Jurkiewicz, & R. Loll. (2010) CDT---an Entropic Theory of Quantum Gravity. arXiv. arXiv: 1007.2560v1

  • July 17, 2010
  • 11:35 PM
  • 817 views

Quasars in the very early universe

by Charles Daney in Science and Reason

Quasars are powered by the gravitational (potential) energy of their central supermassive black holes. However, their distinctive features – their extremely high luminosity in particular – are very dependent on characteristics of matter close to the black hole. Most supermassive black holes (SMBH), including those at the centers of the Milky Way and our close neighbor M31 (Andromeda), are responsible for fairly small amounts of radiation in any part of the electromagnetic spectrum. T........ Read more »

Jiang, L., Fan, X., Brandt, W., Carilli, C., Egami, E., Hines, D., Kurk, J., Richards, G., Shen, Y., Strauss, M.... (2010) Dust-free quasars in the early Universe. Nature, 464(7287), 380-383. DOI: 10.1038/nature08877  

  • July 16, 2010
  • 07:39 PM
  • 960 views

Acro-tastic! (with additional GADZOOKS!)

by Emma in we are all in the gutter

I’m in need of some cheering up today, as the fun observations I wanted to make with the Herschel Space Telescope have turned out to be impossible. Luckily, this observation planning also involved a lot of procrastination, which led me to this: the Dumb Or Overly Forced Astronomical Acronyms Site (DOOFAAS). On this site astronomer [...]... Read more »

John F. Beacom, & Mark R. Vagins. (2003) GADZOOKS! Antineutrino Spectroscopy with Large Water Cerenkov Detectors. Phys.Rev.Lett. 93 (2004) 171101. arXiv: hep-ph/0309300v1

  • July 16, 2010
  • 10:58 AM
  • 538 views

Does one size fit all when it comes to star formation?

by Kelly Oakes in Basic Space

It is widely known (among astrophysicists at least!) that disks of accumulated matter are an essential component in the formation of low mass stars. These disks form when a rotating cloud of dust and gas collapses, and they direct material from the cloud onto a protostar at the centre. This protostar keeps accreting more and [...]... Read more »

Kraus, S., Hofmann, K., Menten, K., Schertl, D., Weigelt, G., Wyrowski, F., Meilland, A., Perraut, K., Petrov, R., Robbe-Dubois, S.... (2010) A hot compact dust disk around a massive young stellar object. Nature, 466(7304), 339-342. DOI: 10.1038/nature09174  

  • July 15, 2010
  • 12:13 PM
  • 1,178 views

Thousand light year long bubble surrounds black hole in nearby galaxy

by Kelly Oakes in Basic Space

The Eddington luminosity is the exact brightness a black hole has when the outwards and inwards forces on it balance. It may seem strange to talk about the brightness of a black hole, as usually we think of them as not letting anything – including light – escape their gravitational pull, but in reality this [...]... Read more »

  • July 7, 2010
  • 12:46 PM
  • 2,807 views

Massive Early Stars And Molecular Hydrogen Cooling

by Joseph Smidt in The Eternal Universe

The big bang produced only Hydrogen and Helium with trace amounts of Lithium. (For the most part.)  This is a problem for star formation because stars need to be "cool" to form and typically you need heavier elements to help the star cool off.  This is why:

Gravity pulls mass together.  However, as matter gets pulled together it heats up and this heat causes the matter to want to expend again.  

... Read more »

  • July 6, 2010
  • 01:30 AM
  • 702 views

This Week in the Universe: June 29th – July 5th

by S.C. Kavassalis in The Language of Bad Physics

What have people been talking about this week in high energy physics, astrophysics, gravitation, general relativity and quantum gravity?

Sorry for the very half-assed post, it’s midnight in Mexico City and it was a long day at GR19.... Read more »

Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, & Stefano Meschiari. (2010) The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration. arXiv. arXiv: 1006.4244v1

Michel-Dansac, L., Duc, P., Bournaud, F., Cuillandre, J., Emsellem, E., Oosterloo, T., Morganti, R., Serra, P., & Ibata, R. (2010) A COLLISIONAL ORIGIN FOR THE LEO RING. The Astrophysical Journal, 717(2). DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/717/2/L143  

Eisenhardt, P., Griffith, R., Stern, D., Wright, E., Ashby, M., Brodwin, M., Brown, M., Bussmann, R., Dey, A., Ghez, A.... (2010) ULTRACOOL FIELD BROWN DWARF CANDIDATES SELECTED AT 4.5 μm. The Astronomical Journal, 139(6), 2455-2464. DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2455  

Andersson, N. (2010) Gravity: Trying to catch the wave. Nature Physics, 6(7), 484-485. DOI: 10.1038/nphys1723  

Mendoza, M., Boghosian, B., Herrmann, H., & Succi, S. (2010) Fast Lattice Boltzmann Solver for Relativistic Hydrodynamics. Physical Review Letters, 105(1). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.014502  

Luis Lehner, & Frans Pretorius. (2010) Black Strings, Low Viscosity Fluids, and Violation of Cosmic Censorship. arXiv. arXiv: 1006.5960v1

Jonathan J. Heckman, & Cumrun Vafa. (2010) An Exceptional Sector for F-theory GUTs. arXiv. arXiv: 1006.5459v1

  • July 2, 2010
  • 05:45 AM
  • 800 views

In the news this month: a drop in eta Carinae's stellar wind

by Megan in Rigel

are the violent explosions of massive stars, so bright that the events can be seen in distant galaxies. But not all apparent explosions are genuine supernovae. Some fall into the category of , the sudden increase in brightness of a star without the terminal explosion. One such impostor event was the , a star which is amongst the most massive known in the Milky Way. Located 7,500 light years away in the constellation of Carina, the star is five million times more luminous than the Sun and an est........ Read more »

Mehner, A., Davidson, K., Humphreys, R., Martin, J., Ishibashi, K., Ferland, G., & Walborn, N. (2010) A SEA CHANGE IN ETA CARINAE . The Astrophysical Journal, 717(1). DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/717/1/L22  

  • July 1, 2010
  • 08:05 AM
  • 549 views

Eclipse in The Odyssey: Science Meets Mythology

by agoldstein in WiSci

In The Odyssey, the oracle Theoclymenus delivers a speech portending the suitors’ deaths at the hand of Odysseus. However, some scholars believe that Homer, the poem’s author, was also describing a total solar eclipse.... Read more »

Baikouzis, C., & Magnasco, M. (2008) From the Cover: Is an eclipse described in the Odyssey?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(26), 8823-8828. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803317105  

  • June 28, 2010
  • 06:18 PM
  • 776 views

This Week in the Universe: June 22nd – June 28th

by S.C. Kavassalis in The Language of Bad Physics

What have people been talking about this week in high energy physics, astrophysics, gravitation, general relativity and quantum gravity, and a little bit of quantum mechanics?... Read more »

Lyne, A., Hobbs, G., Kramer, M., Stairs, I., & Stappers, B. (2010) Switched Magnetospheric Regulation of Pulsar Spin-Down. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1186683  

H. Rampadarath, M. A. Garrett, G. I. G. Józsa, T. Muxlow, T. A. Oosterloo, Z. Paragi1, R. Beswick, H. van Arkel, W. C. Keel, & K. Schawinski. (2010) Hanny's Voorwerp: Evidence of AGN activity and a nuclear starburst in the central regions of IC 2497. arXiv. arXiv: 1006.4096v1

Norbert Przybilla, Alfred Tillich, Ulrich Heber, & Ralf-Dieter Scholz. (2010) Weighing the Galactic dark matter halo: a lower mass limit from the fastest halo star known. arXiv. arXiv: 1005.5026v1

Andresen, G., Bertsche, W., Bowe, P., Bray, C., Butler, E., Cesar, C., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., Fajans, J., & Fujiwara, M. (2010) Antihydrogen formation dynamics in a multipolar neutral anti-atom trap. Physics Letters B, 685(2-3), 141-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.01.066  

Shaun A. Thomas, Filipe B. Abdalla, & Ofer Lahav. (2010) Upper bound of 0.28 eV on neutrino masses from the largest photometric redshift survey. |Physical Review Letters. info:/

Ian D. Leroux, Monika H. Schleier-Smith, & Vladan Vuletić. (2010) Orientation-Dependent Entanglement Lifetime in a Squeezed Atomic Clock. Physical Review Letters. info:/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.250801

Schultze, M., Fiess, M., Karpowicz, N., Gagnon, J., Korbman, M., Hofstetter, M., Neppl, S., Cavalieri, A., Komninos, Y., Mercouris, T.... (2010) Delay in Photoemission. Science, 328(5986), 1658-1662. DOI: 10.1126/science.1189401  

  • June 25, 2010
  • 07:42 PM
  • 1,356 views

Night of the Living Dead Stars

by Professor Astronomy in Professor Astronomy



Image Credit: NASA / Spitzer / JPL-Caltech

White dwarfs, the slowly cooling remains of stars that have completed their life cycles, often seem to be the zombies of the night sky, devouring anything that happens to stray within their grasp.  In an article that will be appearing in an upcoming issue of the Astrophysical Journal, astronomers Patrick Dufour, Mukremin Kilic and collaborators discuss a recently-discovered white dwarf that seems to have devoured a dwarf planet.  Its name:&........ Read more »

P. Dufour, M. Kilic, G. Fontaine, P. Bergeron, F. -R. Lachapelle, S. J. Kleinman, & S. K. Leggett. (2010) The Discovery of the Most Metal-Rich White Dwarf: Composition of a Tidally Disrupted Extrasolar Dwarf Planet. The Astrophysical Journal. arXiv: 1006.3710v1

  • June 21, 2010
  • 10:30 PM
  • 873 views

This Week in the Universe: June 15th – June 21st, 2010

by S.C. Kavassalis in The Language of Bad Physics

What have people been talking about this week in high energy physics, astrophysics, gravitation, general relativity and quantum gravity?... Read more »

T. van Zoest, N. Gaaloul, Y. Singh, H. Ahlers, W. Herr, S. T. Seidel, W. Ertmer, E. Rasel, M. Eckart, E. Kajari, S. Arnold, G. Nandi, W. P. Schleich, R. Walser, A. Vogel, K. Sengstock, K. Bongs, W. Lewoczko-Adamczyk, M. Schiemangk, T. Schuldt, A. Peters, . (2010) Bose-Einstein Condensation in Microgravity. Science , 328(5985), 1540-1543. info:/10.1126/science.1189164

Andrea Mehner, Kris Davidson, Roberta M. Humphreys, John C. Martin, Kazunori Ishibashi, Gary J. Ferland, & Nolan R. Walborn. (2010) A Sea Change in Eta Carinae. arXiv. arXiv: 1004.3529v3

Bogdan A. Dobrescu, Patrick J. Fox, & Adam Martin. (2010) CP violation in B_s mixing from heavy Higgs exchange. arXiv. arXiv: 1005.4238v2

  • June 14, 2010
  • 03:44 PM
  • 848 views

This Week in the Universe: June 8th – June 14th, 2010

by S.C. Kavassalis in The Language of Bad Physics

What have people been talking about this week in high energy physics, astrophysics, gravitation, general relativity and quantum gravity?... Read more »

Christophe Ringeval, Teruaki Suyama, Tomo Takahashi, Masahide Yamaguchi, & Shuichiro Yokoyama. (2010) Dark energy from primordial inflationary quantum fluctuations. arXiv. arXiv: 1006.0368v1

U. Sawangwit, & T. Shanks. (2009) Beam profile sensitivity of the WMAP CMB power spectrum. arXiv. arXiv: 0912.0524v2

  • June 9, 2010
  • 04:01 AM
  • 1,359 views

the media finds life on titan. sort of…

by Greg Fish in weird things

Around the web, headlines are buzzing about alleged evidence for life on Saturn’s biggest moon Titan, citing a paper which noted a suspicious lack of hydrogen build-up in the lower atmosphere and listing among many a mundane explanation, the possibility of methane-based life. Now, while on this blog I discussed that it’s not impossible to [...]... Read more »

  • June 7, 2010
  • 03:45 PM
  • 801 views

This Week in the Universe: June 1st – June 7th, 2010

by S.C. Kavassalis in The Language of Bad Physics

This is the first post in a new weekly series looking at what is making the (science) news in high energy physics, astrophysics, gravitation, general relativity and quantum gravity, and, perhaps more importantly, do the stories mean what we think they mean.

What have people been talking about this week?... Read more »

Rochau, B., Brandner, W., Stolte, A., Gennaro, M., Gouliermis, D., Da Rio, N., Dzyurkevich, N., & Henning, T. (2010) INTERNAL DYNAMICS AND MEMBERSHIP OF THE NGC 3603 YOUNG CLUSTER FROM MICROARCSECOND ASTROMETRY. The Astrophysical Journal, 716(1). DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/716/1/L90  

Evans, C., Walborn, N., Crowther, P., Hénault-Brunet, V., Massa, D., Taylor, W., Howarth, I., Sana, H., Lennon, D., & van Loon, J. (2010) A MASSIVE RUNAWAY STAR FROM 30 DORADUS. The Astrophysical Journal, 715(2). DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L74  

D. Batcheldor, A. Robinson, D. J. Axon, E. S. Perlman, & D. Merritt. (2010) A Displaced Supermassive Black Hole in M87. arXiv. arXiv: 1005.2173v1

Meng Su, Tracy R. Slatyer, & Douglas P. Finkbeiner. (2010) Giant Gamma-ray Bubbles from Fermi-LAT: AGN Activity or Bipolar Galactic Wind?. arXiv. arXiv: 1005.5480v1

The D0 Collaboration, & V. M. Abazov. (2010) Evidence for an anomalous like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry. arXiv. arXiv: 1005.2757v1

Eder Izaguirre, Michael Manhart, & Jay G. Wacker. (2010) Bigger, Better, Faster, More at the LHC. arXiv. arXiv: 1003.3886v1

Kribs, G., Roy, T., Terning, J., & Zurek, K. (2010) Quirky composite dark matter. Physical Review D, 81(9). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.095001  

  • June 7, 2010
  • 04:20 AM
  • 878 views

In the news this month... Hubble spots a planet-eating star

by Megan in Rigel

Most of the discovered so far are in the class known as "", large gas giants orbiting close to their parent stars, since many of the search techniques used are most sensitive to this type of planet. Usually these planets are located close enough to their parent star that they orbit in just a few days, but a team that is orbiting so close to its parent star that it is actually being disrupted.The planet, known as WASP-12b, is located in the constellation of Auriga and was discovered in the , or........ Read more »

Fossati, L., Haswell, C., Froning, C., Hebb, L., Holmes, S., Kolb, U., Helling, C., Carter, A., Wheatley, P., Cameron, A.... (2010) METALS IN THE EXOSPHERE OF THE HIGHLY IRRADIATED PLANET WASP-12b. The Astrophysical Journal, 714(2). DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/714/2/L222  

  • June 7, 2010
  • 04:00 AM
  • 973 views

In the news this month... runaway star in 30 Doradus

by Megan in Rigel

One of the most spectacular examples of a star formation region in the nearby universe is , also known as the , located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This region is a giant stellar nursery, similar to the , but much larger, containing many clusters of recently formed young, hot stars. Some of the young stars in the nebula are many tens of times more massive than the Sun, making them some of the most massive stars known. New observations, on May 5th, show that one particular star is travelling ........ Read more »

Evans, C., Walborn, N., Crowther, P., Hénault-Brunet, V., Massa, D., Taylor, W., Howarth, I., Sana, H., Lennon, D., & van Loon, J. (2010) A MASSIVE RUNAWAY STAR FROM 30 DORADUS. The Astrophysical Journal, 715(2). DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L74  

  • June 7, 2010
  • 03:45 AM
  • 630 views

In the news this month... a possible new class of supernova

by Megan in Rigel

Most supernovae are classified as one of two different types of explosion: single massive short-lived stars that explode when their cores run out of fuel at the end of their lives and undergo gravitational collapse, and old evolved white dwarfs in binary systems which accrete hydrogen from a companion star before exploding catastrophically.; are generally seen only in regions of ongoing star formation since, by stellar standards, their supergiant progenitors do not live for very long. In contra........ Read more »

Perets, H., Gal-Yam, A., Mazzali, P., Arnett, D., Kagan, D., Filippenko, A., Li, W., Arcavi, I., Cenko, S., Fox, D.... (2010) A faint type of supernova from a white dwarf with a helium-rich companion. Nature, 465(7296), 322-325. DOI: 10.1038/nature09056  

Kawabata, K., Maeda, K., Nomoto, K., Taubenberger, S., Tanaka, M., Deng, J., Pian, E., Hattori, T., & Itagaki, K. (2010) A massive star origin for an unusual helium-rich supernova in an elliptical galaxy. Nature, 465(7296), 326-328. DOI: 10.1038/nature09055  

  • May 31, 2010
  • 02:09 PM
  • 1,196 views

In the news this month... volcanoes on Venus

by Megan in Rigel

Closer to home, the planet Venus shows large amounts of evidence of volcanic activity. Despite being shrouded under a thick layer of cloud, spacecraft have been able to map the surface of our nearest neighbour using radar, leading to the realisation that much of the planet's surface is comparatively young, suggesting that at some point in the recent past the planet underwent a complete resurfacing. However the question remains whether Venus is currently a geologically active planet.... Read more »

Smrekar, S., Stofan, E., Mueller, N., Treiman, A., Elkins-Tanton, L., Helbert, J., Piccioni, G., & Drossart, P. (2010) Recent Hotspot Volcanism on Venus from VIRTIS Emissivity Data. Science, 328(5978), 605-608. DOI: 10.1126/science.1186785  

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