All posts; Tags Include "Cognitive Psychology"
- May 31, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 779 views
Your best bet for an expert witness is a friendly nerd rather than an attractive scientist
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
And it doesn’t really matter if the expert is male or female, if they are young or old, and they can be any ethnicity! In other words, said the researchers—the variables we have read so much about (i.e., gender, age, ethnicity) are not as notable as whether someone “looks like” our stereotype of a “good […]... Read more »
Gheorghiu, A., Callan, M., & Skylark, W. (2017) Facial appearance affects science communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)., 201620542. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620542114
- May 26, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 785 views
Cassandra’s Regret: The Psychology of Not Wanting to Know
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
Do you want to know the future? You may want to say it all depends on which aspects of your future. Typically, while we seek information routinely to make decisions in our day-to-day lives, we don’t always want to know for sure what will happen in our futures. These researchers remind us about the story […]... Read more »
Gigerenzer G, & Garcia-Retamero R. (2017) Cassandra's regret: The psychology of not wanting to know. Psychological Review, 124(2), 179-196. PMID: 28221086
- May 24, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 334 views
The Invisibility Cloak Illusion: We are more observant (and yet, less observed) than all others
by Rita Handrich in The Jury Room
This is the sort of article that can either amuse or terrify you. It will amuse you if you are charmed by all the ways in which we see ourselves as superior to others. And it will terrify you if you do not want to know that you are always being observed closely by everyone […]... Read more »
Boothby EJ, Clark MS, & Bargh JA. (2017) The invisibility cloak illusion: People (incorrectly) believe they observe others more than others observe them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(4), 589-606. PMID: 27977221
- May 21, 2017
- 11:50 AM
- 280 views
Predictive Processing: the role of confidence and precision
by Sergio Graziosi in Writing my own user manual - Sergio Graziosi's Blog
This is the second post in a series inspired by Andy Clark’s book “Surfing Uncertainty“. In the previous post I’ve mentioned that an important concept in the Predictive Processing (PP) framework is the role of confidence. Confidence (in a prediction)…Read more ›... Read more »
Clark, A. (2016) Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind. Oxford Scholarship . DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190217013.003.0011
Kanai R, Komura Y, Shipp S, & Friston K. (2015) Cerebral hierarchies: predictive processing, precision and the pulvinar. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 370(1668). PMID: 25823866
- May 17, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 263 views
Those who only kill children are neuro-psychologically different from other murderers
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
Of course it isn’t a surprise that they are gravely disturbed, but who knew it was neuropsychological? This is an article from researchers at Northwestern University and looks very specifically at similarities and differences in the neuropsychological test scores of those who killed only children and those who killed some adults as well as children. […]... Read more »
Azores-Gococo, N., Brook, M., Teralandur, S., & Hanlon, R. (2017) Killing A Child. Criminal Justice and Behavior., 2147483647. DOI: 10.1177/0093854817699437
- May 6, 2017
- 02:04 PM
- 355 views
Partisan Review: “Surfing Uncertainty”, by Andy Clark.
by Sergio Graziosi in Writing my own user manual - Sergio Graziosi's Blog
Sometimes it happens that reading a book ignites a seemingly unstoppable whirlpool of ideas. The book in question is “Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind” by Andy Clark. Why is this a partisan review? Because Clark himself had…Read more ›... Read more »
Clark, A. (2016) Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind. Oxford Scholarship . DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190217013.003.0011
Hohwy, J. (2013) The Predictive Mind . Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682737.001.0001
Krakauer, J., Ghazanfar, A., Gomez-Marin, A., MacIver, M., & Poeppel, D. (2017) Neuroscience Needs Behavior: Correcting a Reductionist Bias. Neuron, 93(3), 480-490. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.041
- May 5, 2017
- 08:05 AM
- 223 views
Lies, lies and more lies: An update on deception research
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
All this week, we have focused on research about lying but there are multiple other articles we want to share with you that will not require a full post. Think of this post as an update on deception that will aid you in preparation for court (and life in general). Small, self-serving lies change our […]... Read more »
Garrett N, Lazzaro SC, Ariely D, & Sharot T. (2016) The brain adapts to dishonesty. Nature Neuroscience, 19(12), 1727-1732. PMID: 27775721
- May 3, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 366 views
Artful Paltering: One more way people lie (especially in negotiations!)
by Rita Handrich in The Jury Room
Back in 2010, we posted on an article called Artful Dodging that talked about how politicians in particular, answer the question they prefer to answer rather than the question you asked. We talked about responding to that strategy in voir dire. Now, we have another article from the same group of researchers and this one […]... Read more »
Rogers T, Zeckhauser R, Gino F, Norton MI, & Schweitzer ME. (2017) Artful paltering: The risks and rewards of using truthful statements to mislead others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(3), 456-473. PMID: 27936834
- May 1, 2017
- 12:35 PM
- 344 views
The illusion of truth (which is why you should never repeat fake news)
by Rita Handrich in The Jury Room
It’s been all about “fake news” for a while now and here’s a study telling us to just stop talking about it. Well, sort of. What it actually says is even when we have knowledge to the contrary, if we hear something repeated enough—we come to believe it. Hence, our recommendation that we need to […]... Read more »
Fazio LK, Brashier NM, Payne BK, & Marsh EJ. (2015) Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 144(5), 993-1002. PMID: 26301795
- April 15, 2017
- 05:12 PM
- 499 views
Perspectives…
by Sergio Graziosi in Writing my own user manual - Sergio Graziosi's Blog
In the past few months I’ve spent some time looking for trouble on Twitter. I’ve found some (mild and polite), which translated into plenty food for thought, and eventually allowed me to put some order in my thoughts. The matter…Read more ›... Read more »
Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. info:other/978-0374275631
Clark, A. (2016) Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind. Oxford Scholarship . DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190217013.003.0011
- April 7, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 219 views
Which science is most “certain” according to the American public?
by Rita Handrich in The Jury Room
When litigation cases rely on science or highly technical information, it is critical to help jurors understand the information underlying the case at a level that makes sense to them. If they do not understand your “science”, they will simply guess which party to vote for or “follow the crowd”. Here’s an example of what […]... Read more »
Broomell, S., & Kane, P. (2017) Public perception and communication of scientific uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(2), 286-304. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000260
- April 5, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 455 views
Your Black client is much more likely to be wrongfully convicted
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
Those of us who’ve been around for a while have heard this repeatedly. But, lest you think times are changing, here’s some sobering data from a March, 2017 report co-edited by a Michigan State University College of Law Professor. From the beginning, this is a disturbing report. Here’s how it starts: African-Americans are only 13% […]... Read more »
Samuel R. Gross, Maurice Possley, & Klara Stephens. (2017) Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States. . UC Irvine: National Registry of Exonerations. . info:/
- March 25, 2017
- 02:06 PM
- 404 views
Native multilinguals
by Madalena Cruz-Ferreira in Being Multilingual
P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Some of my language teaching students sometimes express out loud their heartfelt desire to become native speakers. I was quite baffled the first time I heard this: we’re all native speakers, surely, and we can’t become natives, if we take the word “native” to mean what I supposed it is meant to mean, ‘from birth’. But does it? It turned out that my students’ previous teacher training had included the mantra that “native” means ‘flawless’ in th........ Read more »
Cruz-Ferreira, M. (2011) First language acquisition and teaching. AILA Review, 78-87. DOI: 10.1075/aila.24.06cru
- March 25, 2017
- 01:40 PM
- 424 views
Sign-speech multilinguals
by Madalena Cruz-Ferreira in Being Multilingual
P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Opinions and decisions about multilingualism involving sign languages suffer from the same resilient fantasies which have plagued multilingualism in general over the past 100 years or so. With sign languages, however, there’s the aggravating factor that fantasies about them join the chorus. Only the other week, for example, I had a couple of (speech-speech) multilingual friends wonder why all the fuss about sign languages among linguists like me, since these lang........ Read more »
Alibali, M., Young, A., Crooks, N., Yeo, A., Wolfgram, M., Ledesma, I., Nathan, M., Breckinridge Church, R., & Knuth, E. (2013) Students learn more when their teacher has learned to gesture effectively. Gesture, 13(2), 210-233. DOI: 10.1075/gest.13.2.05ali
QUINTO-POZOS, D. (2008) Sign language contact and interference: ASL and LSM. Language in Society, 37(02). DOI: 10.1017/S0047404508080251
- March 20, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 448 views
Simple Jury Persuasion: The SPOT (Spontaneous Preference for Own Theories) effect
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
It’s been a while since we’ve had a new cognitive bias to share with you. Previously we’ve blogged on many different biases and here are a handful of those posts. Today’s research paper combines three biases—two of which we’ve blogged about before: the better-than-average effect, confirmation bias and also, the endowment effect. The endowment effect […]... Read more »
Gregg AP, Mahadevan N, & Sedikides C. (2017) The SPOT effect: People spontaneously prefer their own theories. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(6), 996-1010. PMID: 26836058
- March 20, 2017
- 12:14 AM
- 407 views
3 Study Habits of Successful Students in College
by Winston Sieck in Thinker Academy
Can’t wait to break out of high school and dash off to college? College is a lot of fun. Late nights, parties, sporting events with thousands of people, on-campus concerts and thousands of potential new friends combine to make college some of the best years of a person’s life. Yet, in the midst of all […]
Check out 3 Study Habits of Successful Students in College, an original post on Thinker Academy.
... Read more »
Hartwig, M., & Dunlosky, J. (2011) Study strategies of college students: Are self-testing and scheduling related to achievement?. Psychonomic Bulletin , 19(1), 126-134. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-011-0181-y
Rawson, K., & Kintsch, W. (2005) Rereading Effects Depend on Time of Test. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(1), 70-80. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.97.1.70
- March 13, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 447 views
Identifying deception when the witness wears a face-covering veil
by Rita Handrich in The Jury Room
In 2014, we wrote about research investigating how people felt when a witness wore a veil such as some forms of a hijab or a niqab. Here were some of the findings we described in that research. We’ve written a number of times about bias against Muslims. But here’s a nice article with an easy […]... Read more »
Leach AM, Ammar N, England DN, Remigio LM, Kleinberg B, & Verschuere BJ. (2016) Less is more? Detecting lies in veiled witnesses. Law and Human Behavior, 40(4), 401-10. PMID: 27348716
- March 10, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 422 views
Facts [still] don’t matter: the 2017 edition
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
When we began this blog in 2009, the reality that facts don’t matter was one of the first posts we wrote. We wrote again about this reality back in 2011. And we’ve written about it several times since then so…here we go again! In this new era of fake news and fake news allegations, we’ve […]... Read more »
Swire, B., Berinsky, A., Lewandowsky, S., & Ecker, U. (2017) Processing political misinformation: comprehending the Trump phenomenon. Royal Society Open Science, 4(3), 160802. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160802
- March 8, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 466 views
A secret weapon for voir dire: Smart people are more curious
by Rita Handrich in The Jury Room
Back in October of 2016, we wrote about a paper by the Cultural Cognition Project on assessing “scientific curiosity”. Here is some of what we said then about what Kahan and his colleagues found by measuring scientific curiosity: “What they found was that participants who scored higher on the curiosity scale were more likely to […]... Read more »
Trampush, J., Yang, M., Yu, J., Knowles, E., Davies, G., Liewald, D., Starr, J., Djurovic, S., Melle, I., Sundet, K.... (2017) GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium. Molecular Psychiatry, 22(3), 336-345. DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.244
- March 1, 2017
- 08:02 AM
- 399 views
So maybe it doesn’t pay to be beautiful
by Doug Keene in The Jury Room
Or at least, maybe there is no “ugliness penalty” if you are not beautiful. We’ve written a number of times here about the many benefits given to those who are seen as beautiful or attractive. This paper debunks the stereotype and says that salary goes beyond appearance and individual differences matter too. The researchers used […]... Read more »
Kanazawa, S., & Still, MC. (2017) Is there really a beauty premium or an ugliness penalty on earnings?. Journal of Business and Psychology. info:/
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