15 posts · 8,364 views
I am a post-doc studying olfaction and taste perception at the University of Geneva. I have been posting short paper summaries, as well as general comments on the institutions of neuroscience
Michael Patterson
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- November 5, 2012
- 11:00 PM
- 219 views
Annals of underwhelming papers: Channelrhodopsinning
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
While I am no Boyden-level expert in channelrhodopsin, I have photostimulated neurons in the olfactory bulb, and now am trying to use the delightfully named PINP technique to record from specific layers of cortex. Given this rudimentary experience, I am increasingly frustrated by the sloppiness of optogenetic research in good journals. Today I would like to highlight four articles that used ... Read more »
Atallah BV, Bruns W, Carandini M, & Scanziani M. (2012) Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons linearly transform cortical responses to visual stimuli. Neuron, 73(1), 159-70. PMID: 22243754
Kravitz AV, Tye LD, & Kreitzer AC. (2012) Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement. Nature neuroscience, 15(6), 816-8. PMID: 22544310
Poulet, J., Fernandez, L., Crochet, S., & Petersen, C. (2012) Thalamic control of cortical states. Nature Neuroscience, 15(3), 370-372. DOI: 10.1038/nn.3035
Tan KR, Yvon C, Turiault M, Mirzabekov JJ, Doehner J, Labouèbe G, Deisseroth K, Tye KM, & Lüscher C. (2012) GABA neurons of the VTA drive conditioned place aversion. Neuron, 73(6), 1173-83. PMID: 22445344
- November 3, 2012
- 11:09 AM
- 177 views
PINPing ain't easy
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
With my olfaction research ending at Zeno speed, I've started pilot experiments for everyone's favourite sensory modality, taste! The idea is to record from each layer of taste (insular) cortex, and compare the "taste receptive fields" of neurons from each layer. To identify the layer I record from, I'm using channelrhodopsin-aided cell identification: I record extracellulary from random neurons ... Read more »
Lima SQ, Hromádka T, Znamenskiy P, & Zador AM. (2009) PINP: a new method of tagging neuronal populations for identification during in vivo electrophysiological recording. PloS one, 4(7). PMID: 19584920
- August 13, 2012
- 01:28 PM
- 359 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: 'Attaboy! Atasoy
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
On a basic level, feeding (viz. eating) is regulated by opponent pathways: for example the hormone leptin is anorexigenic (prevents feeding), whereas cannabinoids are orexigenic (causes feeding); in the lateral hypothalamus, AGRP-expressing neurons are orexigenic, while POMC neurons are anorexigenic. Many of the players in feeding regulation are known, and the current task in the field is tying ... Read more »
Atasoy D, Betley JN, Su HH, & Sternson SM. (2012) Deconstruction of a neural circuit for hunger. Nature, 488(7410), 172-7. PMID: 22801496
- May 30, 2012
- 08:57 AM
- 278 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Val de Laurent, Stopfer Stead
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
This is part 2 in an arbitrarily long series where I review papers from Gilles Laurent's lab.
Last time I looked at four early papers from Laurent's lab, which described the basics of how insect olfaction works. They showed that when you present a locust with an odor, their olfactory centers' LFPs oscillate at 20Hz, and antennal lobe (AL) neurons fire action potentials in sync with the LFP. ... Read more »
Stopfer M, Bhagavan S, Smith BH, & Laurent G. (1997) Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour-encoding neural assemblies. Nature, 390(6655), 70-4. PMID: 9363891
Stopfer M, & Laurent G. (1999) Short-term memory in olfactory network dynamics. Nature, 402(6762), 664-8. PMID: 10604472
Stopfer M, Jayaraman V, & Laurent G. (2003) Intensity versus identity coding in an olfactory system. Neuron, 39(6), 991-1004. PMID: 12971898
- May 24, 2012
- 07:00 PM
- 215 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Val de Laurent, Valley Floor
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
Like Casablanca on an AFI top 100 list, you knew this was coming: the Laurent lab overview. Gilles Laurent is the forefather the dynamics of olfactory coding, and his neurotree includes descendants like Rainer Friedrich and Rachel Wilson. In the next few posts I'm going to cover the significant papers since he started his lab. Today I will cover results from four papers that initially described ... Read more »
Laurent G, Wehr M, & Davidowitz H. (1996) Temporal representations of odors in an olfactory network. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 16(12), 3837-47. PMID: 8656278
MacLeod K, & Laurent G. (1996) Distinct mechanisms for synchronization and temporal patterning of odor-encoding neural assemblies. Science (New York, N.Y.), 274(5289), 976-9. PMID: 8875938
Wehr M, & Laurent G. (1996) Odour encoding by temporal sequences of firing in oscillating neural assemblies. Nature, 384(6605), 162-6. PMID: 8906790
- April 4, 2012
- 08:35 AM
- 170 views
Paper trail day trip: Genomic systems neuroscience
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
Theoretically, each animal's taste repertoire is determined by the food it eats. For herbivores, the important tastes are sweet and bitter, which lets animals distinguish between calories and poison. For carnivores, they are umami and sour, which help identify whether meat is fresh. Flies, for whatever reason, detect carbonation in water. As omnivores, humans combine the taste repertoires of ... Read more »
Jiang P, Josue J, Li X, Glaser D, Li W, Brand JG, Margolskee RF, Reed DR, & Beauchamp GK. (2012) Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(13), 4956-61. PMID: 22411809
- February 27, 2012
- 05:00 PM
- 566 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Drosophiliac Dopaminergic Sweet Tooth
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
Rather than repine about the worst Cell paper I've ever read*, let's cover a new Cell paper from David Anderson's lab. In my past posts on taste, I've covered a lot of the Zuker lab's work on mammalian taste receptors, and other labs' work on how neuromodulators can effect taste receptors. Parallel with the work on mammalian receptors, many taste receptors have been identified in the fly, ... Read more »
Inagaki HK, Ben-Tabou de-Leon S, Wong AM, Jagadish S, Ishimoto H, Barnea G, Kitamoto T, Axel R, & Anderson DJ. (2012) Visualizing Neuromodulation In Vivo: TANGO-Mapping of Dopamine Signaling Reveals Appetite Control of Sugar Sensing. Cell, 148(3), 583-95. PMID: 22304923
- October 27, 2011
- 05:00 PM
- 595 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Rinberg Redoubt
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
It's been too long since I wrote about, you know, actual science. Today I'm going to cover two recent papers from the Rinberg lab, which has been on fire lately.
"Precise" temporal coding in the olfactory bulb
While the core coding strategies used in the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems are generally well defined, much less is known about coding in olfaction. Many people have imaged... Read more »
Shusterman R, Smear MC, Koulakov AA, & Rinberg D. (2011) Precise olfactory responses tile the sniff cycle. Nature neuroscience, 14(8), 1039-44. PMID: 21765422
Smear M, Shusterman R, O'Connor R, Bozza T, & Rinberg D. (2011) Perception of sniff phase in mouse olfaction. Nature. PMID: 21993623
- September 5, 2011
- 10:21 AM
- 789 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Taste Hotsprings
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
The Zuker lab recently reported the existence of taste hotspots in gustatory cortex. I go through the paper, and look at what that means.... Read more »
Chen X, Gabitto M, Peng Y, Ryba NJ, & Zuker CS. (2011) A gustotopic map of taste qualities in the mammalian brain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6047), 1262-6. PMID: 21885776
- September 5, 2011
- 08:00 AM
- 789 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Taste Hotsprings
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
I haven't done many walkalongs about new papers, so let's review a new paper from Charles Zuker's lab.
Trail Prep
First, two pieces of background. There are two diametrically opposed theories of taste coding. The "labeled line" theory states that each taste quality (sweet, salty, bitter, etc.) is encoded by a single cell type, and individual cells respond to single taste qualities. In contrast,... Read more »
Chen X, Gabitto M, Peng Y, Ryba NJ, & Zuker CS. (2011) A gustotopic map of taste qualities in the mammalian brain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6047), 1262-6. PMID: 21885776
- August 8, 2011
- 05:00 PM
- 952 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Trail of T1Rs
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
Taste receptors on the tongue transduce the chemical information of food into neuronal signals. As of now, people have identified a wide variety of receptors for sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, fat, carbonation, and water. Three of the taste qualities - bitter, sweet, and umami - are transduced by G-protein coupled receptors. This is the story of how the sweet and umami receptors were ... Read more »
Nelson, G., Hoon, M., Chandrashekar, J., Zhang, Y., Ryba, N., & Zuker, C. (2001) Mammalian Sweet Taste Receptors. Cell, 106(3), 381-390. DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00451-2
Nelson, G., Chandrashekar, J., Hoon, M., Feng, L., Zhao, G., Ryba, N., & Zuker, C. (2002) An amino-acid taste receptor. Nature, 416(6877), 199-202. DOI: 10.1038/nature726
- July 25, 2011
- 05:00 PM
- 847 views
Walk Along the Paper Trail: Satiating Trail Mix
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
In the last trek we took, I wrote about two seminal papers that describe taste coding in gustatory cortex. Today I'm going to cover a followup paper which described satiety's effects on gustatory coding.
... Read more »
de Araujo IE, Gutierrez R, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Pereira A Jr, Nicolelis MA, & Simon SA. (2006) Neural ensemble coding of satiety states. Neuron, 51(4), 483-94. PMID: 16908413
- July 11, 2011
- 06:02 PM
- 749 views
A Walk Along the Paper Trail: Katzogenesis
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
While the last few walks have covered taste receptors, I'm more interested in the central representation of taste. When you taste something the information is relayed from the taste receptors by three facial nerves to the brainstem (NST), then to the thalamus (VPMpc), and from there to gustatory cortex (GC). The NST also projects to the amygdala and lateral hypothalamus, sending reward and ... Read more »
Katz DB, Simon SA, & Nicolelis MA. (2001) Dynamic and multimodal responses of gustatory cortical neurons in awake rats. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 21(12), 4478-89. PMID: 11404435
Katz DB, Simon SA, & Nicolelis MA. (2002) Taste-specific neuronal ensembles in the gustatory cortex of awake rats. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 22(5), 1850-7. PMID: 11880514
- July 4, 2011
- 08:00 PM
- 872 views
A Walk Along the Paper Trail: A Cannabinoid Trail Mix
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
It's grant writing time here at the Paper Trail, which means reading lots of papers to cite in the background section of the grant. I'm going to cover my favourite paper that I've discovered, which shows that endocannabinoids can directly modulate taste receptors.
More than meets the tongue
Flavour is a tricky perception. It's obviously dominated by how things taste, but also influenced by ... Read more »
Yoshida R, Ohkuri T, Jyotaki M, Yasuo T, Horio N, Yasumatsu K, Sanematsu K, Shigemura N, Yamamoto T, Margolskee RF.... (2010) Endocannabinoids selectively enhance sweet taste. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(2), 935-9. PMID: 20080779
- June 27, 2011
- 05:00 PM
- 787 views
A Walk Along the Paper Trail: Bitter Trail Mix
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
A summary of one of the first papers to report the bitter taste receptrs... Read more »
CHANDRASHEKAR, J., Ken L Mueller1, Mark A Hoon2, Elliot Adler2, Luxin Feng3, Wei Guo1, Charles S Zuker1, §, *, and Nicholas J.P Ryba2, §. (2000) T2Rs Function as Bitter Taste Receptors. Cell, 100(6), 703-711. DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80706-0
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