All posts; Tags Include "Geophysics"
- July 30, 2016
- 05:55 AM
- 539 views
5 things we learned this week | open-access science week 30, 2016
by TakFurTheKaffe in Tak Fur The Kaffe
Finding flight MH370, origins of human speech, declining penguin colonies, safe carbon storage, and stressed out reef sharks: Here are five of the latest scientific studies published open-access this week.... Read more »
Jansen, E., Coppini, G., & Pinardi, N. (2016) Drift simulation of MH370 debris using superensemble techniques. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 16(7), 1623-1628. DOI: 10.5194/nhess-16-1623-2016
Lameira, A., Hardus, M., Mielke, A., Wich, S., & Shumaker, R. (2016) Vocal fold control beyond the species-specific repertoire in an orang-utan. Scientific Reports, 30315. DOI: 10.1038/srep30315
Cimino, M., Lynch, H., Saba, V., & Oliver, M. (2016) Projected asymmetric response of Adélie penguins to Antarctic climate change. Scientific Reports, 28785. DOI: 10.1038/srep28785
Kampman, N., Busch, A., Bertier, P., Snippe, J., Hangx, S., Pipich, V., Di, Z., Rother, G., Harrington, J., Evans, J.... (2016) Observational evidence confirms modelling of the long-term integrity of CO2-reservoir caprocks. Nature Communications, 12268. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12268
Mourier, J., Maynard, J., Parravicini, V., Ballesta, L., Clua, E., Domeier, M., & Planes, S. (2016) Extreme Inverted Trophic Pyramid of Reef Sharks Supported by Spawning Groupers. Current Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.058
- August 24, 2015
- 06:25 AM
- 326 views
Helium Indicates Imminent Volcanic Eruptions
by Cath Jex in Tak Fur The Kaffe
Gradual changes in hot spring chemistry around Mt Ontake, Japan, indicated the build of pressure in the lead up to its eruption in 2014.... Read more »
Sano, Y., Kagoshima, T., Takahata, N., Nishio, Y., Roulleau, E., Pinti, D., & Fischer, T. (2015) Ten-year helium anomaly prior to the 2014 Mt Ontake eruption. Scientific Reports, 13069. DOI: 10.1038/srep13069
- June 3, 2015
- 12:55 PM
- 886 views
Accepting Continental Drift: 50th anniversary of the seminal Bullard et al. map
by Marc in Teaching Biology
Originally written for the Geological Society of London’s History Of Geology Group, where I am web editor. Amidst the many events this year celebrating William Smith and the publication of his 1815 map, comes another, less well-known anniversary. The acceptance of continental drift led to a seismic shift in 20th century geology, the development of the theory … Continue reading Accepting Continental Drift: 50th anniversary of the seminal Bullard et al. map →
The post Accepting........ Read more »
Everett, J., & Smith, A. (2008) Genesis of a Geophysical Icon: The Bullard, Everett and Smith Reconstruction of the Circum-Atlantic Continents. Earth Sciences History, 27(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.17704/eshi.27.1.w0v227931k184h64
- December 8, 2014
- 02:58 AM
- 887 views
Estimates of Anthropogenic Nitrogen in the Ocean May Be High
by Wiley Asia Blog in Wiley Asia Blog - Life Sciences
Inundation of nitrogen into the atmosphere and terrestrial environments, through fossil fuel combustion and extensive fertilization, has risen tenfold since preindustrial times according to research published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Excess nitrogen can infiltrate water tables and can trigger extensive algal blooms that deplete aquatic environments of oxygen, among other damaging effects.
Although scientists have extensively studied the effects of excess nitrogen in terrestrial habita........ Read more »
Altieri, K., Hastings, M., Peters, A., Oleynik, S., & Sigman, D. (2014) Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonium source in rainwater at Bermuda. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. DOI: 10.1002/2014GB004809
- May 17, 2014
- 10:45 AM
- 1,023 views
The witness who collided with government on climate
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Through the nineties and naughties Jim Hansen returned from a self-imposed media ban and clashed with contrarians and his own employer, NASA, to get across the message that global warming is dangerous. ... Read more »
Pool, R. (1990) Struggling to do science for society. Science, 248(4956), 672-673. DOI: 10.1126/science.2333515
Staff writer. (1990) Watch Out! Here Comes the Greenhouse. Science, 248(4955), 549-549. DOI: 10.1126/science.248.4955.549-b
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lacis, A., & Oinas, V. (2000) Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(18), 9875-9880. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.170278997
Hansen J. (2004) Defusing the global warming time bomb. Scientific American, 290(3), 68-77. PMID: 14981880
Hansen, J. (2005) A slippery slope: How much global warming constitutes ?dangerous anthropogenic interference??. Climatic Change, 68(3), 269-279. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-005-4135-0
Hansen, J. (2007) Scientific reticence and sea level rise. Environmental Research Letters, 2(2), 24002. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/2/2/024002
- May 10, 2014
- 07:54 AM
- 1,437 views
How lessons from space put the greenhouse effect on the front page
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Interest in atmospheres of outer planets took Jim Hansen from Iowa to NASA, where he came to realise that humans adding CO2 to Earth’s atmosphere would lead to an unprecedented warming, and brought that fact to the world’s attention.... Read more »
Matsushima, S., Zink, J., & Hansen, J. (1966) Atmospheric extinction by dust particles as determined from three-color photometry of the lunar eclipse of 19 December 1964. The Astronomical Journal, 103. DOI: 10.1086/109863
Hansen, J., & Matsushima, S. (1967) The Atmosphere and Surface Temperature of Venus: a Dust Insulation Model. The Astrophysical Journal, 1139. DOI: 10.1086/149410
Somerville, R.C.J., P.H. Stone, M. Halem, J.E. Hansen, J.S. Hogan, L.M. Druyan, G. Russell, A.A. Lacis, W.J. Quirk, and J. Tenenbaum. (1974) The GISS model of the global atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. DOI: 10.1007/BFb0019776
HANSEN, J., WANG, W., & LACIS, A. (1978) Mount Agung Eruption Provides Test of a Global Climatic Perturbation. Science, 199(4333), 1065-1068. DOI: 10.1126/science.199.4333.1065
Hansen, J., Johnson, D., Lacis, A., Lebedeff, S., Lee, P., Rind, D., & Russell, G. (1981) Climate Impact of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Science, 213(4511), 957-966. DOI: 10.1126/science.213.4511.957
Rasool, S. (1983) On predicting calamities. Climatic Change, 5(2), 201-202. DOI: 10.1007/BF00141271
- April 5, 2014
- 03:07 AM
- 968 views
Weather extremes take twin crop and disease toll
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Extreme rain has boosted harvests and droughts have harmed them, but both are linked to outbreaks of deadly viruses show NASA's Assaf Anyamba and his colleagues.... Read more »
Anyamba, A., Small, J., Britch, S., Tucker, C., Pak, E., Reynolds, C., Crutchfield, J., & Linthicum, K. (2014) Recent Weather Extremes and Impacts on Agricultural Production and Vector-Borne Disease Outbreak Patterns. PLoS ONE, 9(3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092538
- March 29, 2014
- 07:31 AM
- 960 views
Climate sensitivity wrangles don’t change the big picture on emissions
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Modelling studies from Joeri Rogelj at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich show we still need to release fewer greenhouse gases even if the world does warm more slowly in response to them than today’s best estimates suggest. ... Read more »
Rogelj, J., Meinshausen, M., Sedláček, J., & Knutti, R. (2014) Implications of potentially lower climate sensitivity on climate projections and policy. Environmental Research Letters, 9(3), 31003. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/031003
- March 15, 2014
- 07:01 AM
- 1,044 views
Real-world grounding could cool 21st century outlook
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Initialised decadal predictions, the middle ground between weather forecasting and climate modelling, get closer to simulating the current warming slowdown than uninitialised ones do, NCAR climate scientists Jerry Meehl and Haiyan Teng have shown. ... Read more »
Easterling, D., & Wehner, M. (2009) Is the climate warming or cooling?. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(8). DOI: 10.1029/2009GL037810
Meehl, G., & Teng, H. (2012) Case studies for initialized decadal hindcasts and predictions for the Pacific region. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(22). DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053423
Meehl, G., & Teng, H. (2014) CMIP5 multi-model hindcasts for the mid-1970s shift and early 2000s hiatus and predictions for 2016-2035. Geophysical Research Letters. DOI: 10.1002/2014GL059256
- December 28, 2013
- 04:35 AM
- 986 views
The ice-age U-turn that set the stage for the climate debate
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Right from the outset of his career in climate science, Stephen Schneider drove us to see that we are changing climate, and decide how best to use our imperfect knowledge to avoid harm ... Read more »
S. I. Rasool, S. H. Schneider. (1971) Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols: Effects of Large Increases on Global Climate. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.173.3992.138
Stephen H. Schneider, Robert E. Dickinson. (1974) Climate modeling. Reviews of Geophysics. DOI: 10.1029/RG012i003p00447
Stephen H. Schneider. (1975) On the Carbon Dioxide–Climate Confusion. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences . DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032
- November 30, 2013
- 06:09 AM
- 1,092 views
Fighting for useful climate models
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
By making choices in his climate simulations other scientists disagreed with Suki Manabe led the way in showing how much warming to expect, and that abrupt changes are possible. ... Read more »
Syukuro Manabe and Richard T. Wetherald. (1975) The effects of doubling CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. info:/10.1175/1520-0469(1975)0322.0.CO;2
Syukuro Manabe. (1975) The use of comprehensive general circulation modelling for studies of the climate and climate variation. The Physical Basis of Climate and Climate Modelling, Report of the International Study Conference, GARP Publications Series No. 16, World Meteorological Organization. info:/
Wallace S. Broecker, Dorothy M. Peteet . (1985) Does the ocean–atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation?. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/315021a0
Syukuro Manabe and Ronald J Stouffer. (1988) Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Journal of Climate. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001
Syukuro Manabe and Ronald J Stouffer. (1995) Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/378165a0
Syukuro Manabe and Ronald J Stouffer,. (1999) Are two modes of thermohaline circulation stable? . Tellus A. DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v51i3.13461
Syukuro Manabe, and Ronald J Stouffer. (2000) Study of abrupt climate change by a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Quaternary Science Reviews. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00066-9
Yoko Tsushima and Suki Manabe. (2013) Assessment of radiative feedback in climate models using satellite observations of annual flux variation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(19), 7568-73. PMID: 23613585
- November 23, 2013
- 03:09 AM
- 1,252 views
The model scientist who fixed the greenhouse effect
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Suki Manabe overcame a near nervous breakdown and a crashed early supercomputer to devise the first climate models to reliably simulate the role of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and include both the atmosphere and oceans. ... Read more »
Syukuro Manabe and Richard T Wetherald. (1967) Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity. ournal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024
Syukuro Manabe and Kirk Bryan. (1969) Climate calculations with a combined ocean-atmosphere model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026
- November 15, 2013
- 03:36 AM
- 1,578 views
Twin rainfall effects strengthen human climate impact case
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Using a new method, Kate Marvel and Céline Bonfils at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California have found that the way wet areas are getting wetter, dry areas are getting dryer, and the most wet or dry places are moving towards the poles are beyond natural patterns.... Read more »
Kate Marvel and Céline Bonfils. (2013) Identifying external influences on global precipitation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314382110
- November 9, 2013
- 07:00 AM
- 1,134 views
The man who got the world to agree on climate
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Bert Bolin played a key role in putting the risk of human-caused climate change on the political map, from one of the first official government recognitions, to guiding the IPCC to a Nobel prize. ... Read more »
Bert Bolin and Robert J. Charlson. (1976) On the Role of the Tropospheric Sulfur Cycle in the Shortwave Radiative Climate of the Earth. Ambio. info:/10.2307/4312172
Bob Watson. (2013) Obituary: Bert Bolin (1925–2008). Nature. DOI: 10.1038/451642a
Henning Rodhe. (2013) Bert Bolin (1925–2007) – a world leading climate scientist and science organiser. Tellus B. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20583
- November 2, 2013
- 04:21 AM
- 958 views
The underprepared figurehead that led climate science from calculation to negotiation
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Bert Bolin overcame the death of his mentor to define how computers and satellites would aid weather and climate research and set up organisations that would lead to creation of the IPCC. ... Read more »
Bert Bolin. (1999) Carl-Gustaf Rossby: The Stockholm period 1947–57. Tellus A. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1999.t01-1-00002.x
Henning Rodhe. (2013) Bert Bolin (1925–2007) – a world leading climate scientist and science organiser. Tellus B. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20583
- October 19, 2013
- 04:22 AM
- 1,093 views
Braving African piracy reveals abrupt rainfall shifts
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
After Peter deMenocal avoided harm extracting sediment cores in dangerous waters off the Somali coast, Jessica Tierney has painstakingly used them to show century-scale climate transitions in the area.... Read more »
Jessica E. Tierney, Jason E. Smerdon, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Richard Seager. (2013) Multidecadal variability in East African hydroclimate controlled by the Indian Ocean. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/nature11785
Jessica E. Tierney, Peter B. deMenocal. (2013) Abrupt Shifts in Horn of Africa Hydroclimate Since the Last Glacial Maximum. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1240411
- September 21, 2013
- 06:47 AM
- 1,040 views
Enhanced fingerprinting strengthens evidence for human warming role
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
Ben Santer from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s use of warming near the Earth’s surface and cooling higher in the atmosphere as evidence of humans’ effect on climate saw critics demand he be fired. Now he’s back with new data showing “natural causes alone are extremely unlikely to explain the observed changes”.... Read more »
B. D. Santer, K. E. Taylor, T. M. L. Wigley, T. C. Johns, P. D. Jones, D. J. Karoly, J. F. B. Mitchell, A. H. Oort, J. E. Penner†, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, R. J. Stouffer . (1996) A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere . Nature. DOI: 10.1038/382039a0
Benjamin D. Santer, Jeffrey F. Painter, Carl A. Mears, Charles Doutriaux, Peter Caldwell, Julie M. Arblaster, Philip J. Cameron-Smith, Nathan P. Gillett, Peter J. Gleckler, John Lanzant, Judith Perlwitz, Susan Solomon, Peter A. Stott, Karl E. Taylor, Laur. (2012) Identifying human influences on atmospheric temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210514109
Benjamin D. Santer, Jeffrey F. Paintera, Céline Bonfils, Carl A. Mears, Susan Solomon, Tom M. L. Wigley, Peter J. Gleckler, Gavin A. Schmidt, Charles Doutriaux, Nathan P. Gillett, Karl E. Taylor, Peter W. Thorne, and Frank J. Wentz. (2013) Human and natural influences on the changing thermal structure of the atmosphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305332110
- September 21, 2013
- 05:59 AM
- 2,147 views
The Amplituhedron - Turning physics inside out.
by Jesper Dramsch in The way of the geophysicist
The evolution of mathematics and dimensions in particle physics.
If quantum mechanics hasn’t profoundly shocked you, you haven’t understood it yet.
... Read more »
Leon Thomsen. (2001) Seismic anisotropy. GEOPHYSICS, 66(1), 40–41. DOI: 10.1190/1.1444917
Hubral, P. (1983) Computing true amplitude reflections in a laterally inhomogeneous earth. GEOPHYSICS, 48(8), 1051–1062. DOI: 10.1190/1.1441528
Parke, S.J., & Taylor, T.R. (1986) Amplitude for n-gluon scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett.; (United States); Journal Volume: 56:23. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.2459
Nima Arkani-Hamed, Jacob L. Bourjaily, Freddy Cachazo, Alexander B. Goncharov, Alexander Postnikov, & Jaroslav Trnka. (2012) Scattering Amplitudes and the Positive Grassmannian. arXiv preprint arXiv:1212.5605 (2012). arXiv: 1212.5605v1
- July 27, 2013
- 03:57 AM
- 1,310 views
How a beer bottle helped reveal rapid past climate change
by Andy Extance in Simple Climate
University of Copenhagen’s Willi Dansgaard's method for linking rainfall to temperature grew from a simple back garden experiment to a way to decipher Earth’s climate history from kilometre-long cylinders of ice. ... Read more »
Willi Dansgaard. (1953) The Abundance of O18 in Atmospheric Water and Water Vapour. Tellus. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1953.tb01076.x
Willi Dansgaard. (1954) The O18-abundance in fresh water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. DOI: http://dx.org/10.1016/0016-7037(54)90003-4
Willi Dansgaard. (1964) Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00181.x
W. Dansgaard, S. J. Johnsen, J. Møller, C. C. Langway Jr. (1969) One Thousand Centuries of Climatic Record from Camp Century on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.166.3903.377
- July 23, 2013
- 05:02 PM
- 1,216 views
Important New Science on Melting Glaciers
by Greg Laden in Greg Laden's Blog
Most of the current models of glacial ice melting (and contribution to sea level rise) focus on ice melting and less than they need to on the process of glaciers falling apart in larger chunks such as ice bergs. Also, current understanding of glacial ice melting due to global warming indicates that the Western Antarctic…... Read more »
Bassis, J. N., & Jacobs, S. (2013) Diverse calving patterns linked to glacier geometry. Nature Geoscience. DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1887
Cook, Carys, Flierdt, Tina van de, Williams, Trevor, & et al. (2013) Dynamic behaviour of the East Antarctic ice sheet during Pliocene warmth. Nature Geoscience. DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1889
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