All posts; Tags Include "Affective Neuroscience"
- October 14, 2016
- 11:50 AM
- 115 views
Pathways to Substance Use and Abuse
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Neuroscience medicine clinicians encounter patients every day who have both a mental and substance use disorder.This co-occurrence, or comorbidity, complicates diagnosis, treatment and outcome.The exact mechanism for this comorbidity issue is unclear.A recent study out of Washington University in St. Louis and King's College London provides some insight into this comorbidity issue.They examined participants in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE). These subjects provided genet........ Read more »
Carey CE, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Hartz SM, Lynskey MT, Nelson EC, Bierut LJ, & Bogdan R. (2016) Associations between Polygenic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Involvement. Frontiers in genetics, 149. PMID: 27574527
- October 3, 2016
- 10:56 AM
- 206 views
Robin Williams and Lewy Body Disease
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a post last week, I highlighted a recent study examining clinical issues in the diagnosis of Lewy body dementia (LBD).This study examined differentiating clinical and neuropsychological factors between LBD, Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease.You can access this post by clicking HERE.This topic received significant attention following the description of comedian Robin Williams' last years by his wife in the journal Neurology.Robin Williams suffered from LBD and like many, his diagnos........ Read more »
Williams SS. (2016) The terrorist inside my husband's brain. Neurology, 87(13), 1308-1311. info:/
- September 19, 2016
- 11:11 AM
- 204 views
Preventing Depression Following Brain Injury
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Depression is a common feature following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Post-TBI depression may be difficult to treat and evolve into a chronic depression syndrome.A recent published study demonstrates that prophylactic SSRI antidepressant treatment may reduce the incidence of depression following TBI.This study was conducted by investigators affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Iowa.Ninety four subjects were recruited to this randomized........ Read more »
Jorge RE, Acion L, Burin DI, & Robinson RG. (2016) Sertraline for Preventing Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry. PMID: 27626622
- August 31, 2016
- 11:30 AM
- 189 views
Brain Scans Show Your Dog Loves You And Food
by CAPB in Companion Animal Psychology Blog
An fMRI study shows different dogs have different preferences for food and social interaction.A recent fMRI study investigates individual differences in dogs’ preferences for food and social interaction with their owner. The results have been widely – and erroneously – reported as showing that dogs prefer praise to food. In fact, the results paint a far more interesting picture of how brain activity predicts canine choice.I think most people feel subjectively that their dog loves them. The........ Read more »
Cook PF, Prichard A, Spivak M, & Berns GS. (2016) Awake Canine fMRI Predicts Dogs' Preference for Praise Versus Food. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience. PMID: 27521302
- August 20, 2016
- 06:54 AM
- 358 views
What are we getting wrong in neuroscience?
by neurosci in Neuroscientifically Challenged
In 1935, an ambitious neurology professor named Egas Moniz sat in the audience at a symposium on the frontal lobes, enthralled by neuroscientist Carlyle F. Jacobsen's description of some experiments Jacobsen had conducted with fellow investigator John Fulton. Jacobsen and Fulton had damaged the frontal lobes of a chimpanzee named "Becky," and afterwards they had observed a considerable behavioral transformation. Becky had previously been stubborn, erratic, and difficult to train, but post-operat........ Read more »
Lopez-Munoz, F., & Alamo, C. (2009) Monoaminergic Neurotransmission: The History of the Discovery of Antidepressants from 1950s Until Today. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 15(14), 1563-1586. DOI: 10.2174/138161209788168001
- August 9, 2016
- 11:16 AM
- 405 views
Genetics of Depression: Secondary Markers
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In my previous post, I highlighted a recent study of genetics and major depression from the 23andMe database.I have had a chance to review this manuscript in more detail. One of the findings of interest involved secondary marker or secondary phenotypes.Fifteen genetic loci were identified in this 23andMe sample using a discovery and replication data set.Secondary phenotypes with the highest correlation with the 17 SNPs identified in the study included (effect) :Taking a selective serotonin reupt........ Read more »
Hyde CL, Nagle MW, Tian C, Chen X, Paciga SA, Wendland JR, Tung JY, Hinds DA, Perlis RH, & Winslow AR. (2016) Identification of 15 genetic loci associated with risk of major depression in individuals of European descent. Nature genetics. PMID: 27479909
- July 17, 2016
- 06:24 AM
- 427 views
Know your brain: Periaqueductal gray
by neurosci in Neuroscientifically Challenged
Where is the periaqueductal gray?
The periaqueductal gray, or PAG, is an area of gray matter found in the midbrain. The PAG surrounds the cerebral aqueduct (hence the name periaqueductal) and occupies a column of brainstem that stretches about 14 mm long. There are no obvious visible anatomical divisions within the PAG, but researchers have divided the PAG into four columns based on differences in connectivity and function: the dorsomedial, dorsolater........ Read more »
Behbehani, M. (1995) Functional characteristics of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Progress in Neurobiology, 46(6), 575-605. DOI: 10.1016/0301-0082(95)00009-K
- July 11, 2016
- 11:41 AM
- 433 views
When Laughing Isn't Funny
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Inappropriate uncontrollable laughing or crying is common in many neuroscience medicine disorders including after traumatic brain injury or stroke. It can be socially embarrassing and restrict opportunities for social interaction.This loss of control over emotional responses is known by the term pseudobulbar affect or PBA. Until recently, few therapeutic options were available to treat this condition. Now a relatively new drug Nuedexta uses a combination of dextromethorphan and quinide to treat ........ Read more »
Taylor CP, Traynelis SF, Siffert J, Pope LE, & Matsumoto RR. (2016) Pharmacology of dextromethorphan: Relevance to dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta®) clinical use. Pharmacology . PMID: 27139517
- June 7, 2016
- 01:06 AM
- 448 views
Advil Increases Social Pain (if you're male)
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Headache, Guillaume DELEBARRE (Guigui-Lille)A recent neuroessay in the New York Times asked, Can Tylenol Help Heal a Broken Heart?What’s crazy about the pain of a broken heart is that your body perceives it as physical pain.No it does not. Do you feel heartbroken every time you stub your toe?Well... I guess the social pain = physical pain isomorphism is a one way street. Anyway, the author continued:In research published in 2010, scientists found that acetaminophen can reduce physical and neur........ Read more »
Butcher, B., & Carmody, J. (2012) Sex differences in analgesic response to ibuprofen are influenced by expectancy: A randomized, crossover, balanced placebo-designed study. European Journal of Pain, 16(7), 1005-1013. DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00104.x
Mogil JS, & Bailey AL. (2010) Sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia. Progress in brain research, 141-57. PMID: 21094890
VANGELISTI, A., PENNEBAKER, J., BRODY, N., & GUINN, T. (2014) Reducing social pain: Sex differences in the impact of physical pain relievers. Personal Relationships, 21(2), 349-363. DOI: 10.1111/pere.12036
- June 6, 2016
- 11:50 AM
- 379 views
Neuroscience Medicine: The Time Has Come
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
As basic and clinical sciences advance, it becomes increasing important to understand the role of multidisciplinary efforts in scientific progress. In this post, I propose rethinking and renaming the medically-related neuroscience disciplines into a new specialty called neuroscience medicine.Basic neuroscience research has evolved and emerged as a powerful discipline due to the increasing use of multidisciplinary research teams. Basic neuroscience involves collaboration of various scientifi........ Read more »
Insel, T. (2005) Psychiatry as a Clinical Neuroscience Discipline. JAMA, 294(17), 2221. DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.17.2221
- June 1, 2016
- 12:35 PM
- 415 views
Pain Prevalence in Dementia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The development of speech and language impairment in dementia presents barriers in many clinical domains.One important clinical domain is assessment and management of pain. Dementia may preclude spontaneous or interview-elicited pain reporting.A report today in MedicalXpress noted reduced reporting of pain in patients with diabetes and cognitive impairment.I was able to locate one free full-text manuscript reviewing the prevalence of pain in various types of dementias. This literature review fou........ Read more »
van Kooten J, Binnekade TT, van der Wouden JC, Stek ML, Scherder EJ, Husebø BS, Smalbrugge M, & Hertogh CM. (2016) A Review of Pain Prevalence in Alzheimer's, Vascular, Frontotemporal and Lewy Body Dementias. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 41(3-4), 220-32. PMID: 27160163
- May 27, 2016
- 10:24 AM
- 537 views
Prenatal Smoking and Offspring Schizophrenia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The topic prevention of brain disorders is commonly neglected. This is despite increasing evidence for evidence-based support for prevention opportunities.This issue is highlighted in a recent study out of Finland that examined prenatal nicotine metabolite levels and offspring diagnosis of schizophrenia.In this study, Solja Niemela and the Finnish research team examined all live births in Finland between 1983 and 1998.What makes this study powerful is the measurement of maternal serum coti........ Read more »
Niemelä, S., Sourander, A., Surcel, H., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., McKeague, I., Cheslack-Postava, K., & Brown, A. (2016) Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Risk of Schizophrenia Among Offspring in a National Birth Cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15060800
Talati A, Bao Y, Kaufman J, Shen L, Schaefer CA, & Brown AS. (2013) Maternal smoking during pregnancy and bipolar disorder in offspring. The American journal of psychiatry, 170(10), 1178-85. PMID: 24084820
- May 23, 2016
- 10:39 AM
- 485 views
Emotional Processing: A Key to Depression Treatment?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In my last post I reported on the use of machine learning to aid in predicting response to depression treatment.Another interesting depression prediction tool is being investigated in a trial in England funded by the Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust.This trial uses a visual facial recognition tool. The hypothesis is that early antidepressant action can be identified by changes in facial emotional recognition.This trial stems from work by Catherine Harmer Ph.D. from the University of Oxford. He........ Read more »
Pringle A, & Harmer CJ. (2015) The effects of drugs on human models of emotional processing: an account of antidepressant drug treatment. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(4), 477-87. PMID: 26869848
- May 20, 2016
- 10:50 AM
- 433 views
Predicting Depression Treatment Response: Machine Learning
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Treatment of depression remains primarily an uninformed clinical process. Several effective drug and psychotherapy interventions are available. However, there is no reliable way to determine which treatment is likely to be the most effective for an individual patient.A recent study that used machine learning techniques to address this problem has been published.A research team from Yale University used clinical data from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) tr........ Read more »
Chekroud AM, Zotti RJ, Shehzad Z, Gueorguieva R, Johnson MK, Trivedi MH, Cannon TD, Krystal JH, & Corlett PR. (2016) Cross-trial prediction of treatment outcome in depression: a machine learning approach. The lancet. Psychiatry, 3(3), 243-50. PMID: 26803397
- May 18, 2016
- 06:02 AM
- 515 views
Acetaminophen Probably Isn't an "Empathy Killer"
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Left: Belgian physician Dr. Wim Distelmans, a cancer specialist, professor in palliative care and the president of the Belgian federal euthanasia commission. Right: Generic acetaminophen.What (or who) is an “Empathy Killer“? An Angel of Death Kevorkian-type who helps terminal patients with ALS or cancer put an end their excruciating pain? This is a very selfless act that shows extreme empathy for the suffering of others.Or is an “Empathy Killer” a medication that dulls your numerical rat........ Read more »
Mischkowski, D., Crocker, J., & Way, B. (2016) From Painkiller to Empathy Killer: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Reduces Empathy for Pain. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw057
- May 14, 2016
- 06:16 PM
- 508 views
What's really the deal with toxoplasma gondii and human behavior?
by neurosci in Neuroscientifically Challenged
T. gondii cyst in a mouse brain.
For a simple protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii has experienced something of a meteoric rise in popularity over the past several years. Actually, to be fair T. gondii has garnered quite a bit of interest since the 1930s, when it was discovered the parasite could be transmitted from a mother to a fetus in the womb, sometimes resulting in severe congenital disorders. Curiosity about T. gondii grew significantly in the early 2000s, ........ Read more »
Parlog A, Schlüter D, & Dunay IR. (2015) Toxoplasma gondii-induced neuronal alterations. Parasite immunology, 37(3), 159-70. PMID: 25376390
- May 5, 2016
- 02:26 PM
- 454 views
Ketamine Metabolite Linked to Rapid Antidepressant Effect
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Model of crytalized ketamine moleculeStandard antidepressant therapies typically take two weeks or more to begin to act.Ketamine is an anesthetic drug recently demonstrated to have a rapid antidepressant effect.The mechanism for this effect is unknown. A recent mouse study of ketamine and metabolites of ketamine show some potentially groundbreaking insight for the treatment of depression.This study found these significant findings:Ketamine like most organic compounds is made of boty an R an........ Read more »
Zanos, P., Moaddel, R., Morris, P., Georgiou, P., Fischell, J., Elmer, G., Alkondon, M., Yuan, P., Pribut, H., Singh, N.... (2016) NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/nature17998
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- May 4, 2016
- 12:00 PM
- 332 views
Jazz drunk, in a basement
by Kiralee Musgrove in Neuroscientist on music
The good things in Melbourne are hidden away. Behind non-descript doors and trick bookcases. On rooftops. Down laneways. Pop-ups, warehouses, basements; Lady Melbs rewards those who seek. Which requires little persuasion, I have noticed. Melburnians go silly at the whiff of intrigue.... Read more »
Berridge, K., Robinson, T., & Aldridge, J. (2009) Dissecting components of reward: ‘Liking’, ‘wanting’, and learning. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 9(1), 65-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.014
Bromberg-Martin, E., Matsumoto, M., & Hikosaka, O. (2010) Dopamine in motivational control: Rewarding, aversive, and alerting. Neuron, 68(5), 815-834. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.022
Craig, A. (2009) How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(1), 59-70. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2555
Limb, C., & Braun, A. (2008) Neural substrates of spontaneous musical performance: An fMRI study of jazz improvisation. PLoS ONE, 3(2). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001679
McPherson, M., Barrett, F., Lopez-Gonzalez, M., Jiradejvong, P., & Limb, C. (2016) Emotional intent modulates the neural substrates of creativity: An fMRI study of emotionally targeted improvisation in jazz musicians. Scientific Reports, 1-14. DOI: 10.1038/srep18460
Wise, R. (2004) Dopamine, learning and motivation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(6), 483-494. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1406
- May 3, 2016
- 12:05 PM
- 347 views
Depression Symptoms and Alzheimer's Risk
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
An important study was published today in Lancet Psychiatry. This study examined the role of depression symptoms in risk for later development of dementia including Alzheimer's disease.Previous work on this topic has relied on cross-sectional risk factor design. However, the study published today used a prospective longitudinal design for elderly individuals participating the Rotterdam study.Depressive symptoms were measured over time and compared to latter risk for development of dementia......... Read more »
Mirza, S., Wolters, F., Swanson, S., Koudstaal, P., Hofman, A., Tiemeier, H., & Ikram, M. (2016) 10-year trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: a population-based study. The Lancet Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00097-3
- April 11, 2016
- 12:00 PM
- 305 views
Why you should fire up about music neuroscience
by Kiralee Musgrove in Neuroscientist on music
My alarm goes off at 6am most mornings. I adopted this unfortunate habit some years ago when I discovered I do my best thinking early, with a hot drink and still. My biological sensibilities remain supremely offended by this. (Describing me as a “disgruntled” early riser would not be far from the truth.) Still, among the things that must be thought at 6am, there are a select few which have me in front of my laptop, ready-to-go by 6:20am. As you might have deduced, music neuroscience ........ Read more »
Araya-Salas, M. (2012) Is birdsong music?. Significance, 9(6), 4-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-9713.2012.00613.x
Brown, L., de Bruin, N., Doan, J., Suchowersky, O., & Hu, B. (2010) Obstacle crossing among people with Parkinson's disease is influenced by concurrent music. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 47(3), 225-231. PMID: 20665348
Downey, L., Blezat, A., Nicholas, J., Omar, R., Golden, H., Mahoney, C., Crutch, S., & Warren, J. (2013) Mentalising music in frontotemporal dementia. Cortex, 49(7), 1844-1855. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.011
El Haj, M., Fasotti, L., & Allain, P. (2012) The involuntary nature of music-evoked autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's disease. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(1), 238-246. PMID: 22265372
James, C., Dupuis-Lozeron, E., & Hauert, C. (2012) Appraisal of musical syntax violations by primary school children. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 71(3), 161-168. DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000084
Loui, P., Wessel, D., & Kam, C. (2010) Humans rapidly learn grammatical structure in a new musical scale. Music Perception, 27(5), 377-388. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2010.27.5.377
Merrett, D., Peretz, I., & Wilson, S. (2014) Neurobiological, cognitive, and emotional mechanisms in melodic intonation therapy. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 1-11. PMID: 24917811
Mingle, M., Eppley, T., Campbell, M., Hall, K., Horner, V., & de Waal FB. (2014) Chimpanzees prefer African and Indian music over silence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 40(4), 502-505. PMID: 25546107
Omar, R., Henley, S., Bartlett, J., Hailstone, J., Gordon, E., Sauter, D., Frost, C., Scott, S., & Warren, J. (2011) The structural neuroanatomy of music emotion recognition: Evidence from frontotemporal lobar degeneration. NeuroImage, 56(3), 1814-1821. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.002
Osuch, E., Bluhm, R., Williamson, P., Théberge, J., Densmore, M., & Neufeld, R. (2009) Brain activation to favorite music in healthy controls and depressed patients. Neuroreport, 20(13), 1204-1208. PMID: 19617860
Polston, J., & Glick, S. (2011) Music-induced context preference following cocaine conditioning in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 125(4), 674-680. PMID: 21688895
Sarkamo, T., Ripolles, P., Vepsalainen, H., Autti, T., Silvennoinen, H., Salli, E., Laitinen, S., Forsblom, A., Soinila, S., & Rodriguez-Fornells, A. (2014) Structural changes induced by daily music listening in the recovering brain after middle cerebral artery stroke: A voxel-based morphometry study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 1-16. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00245
Shannon, R. (2016) Is birdsong more like speech or music?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(4), 245-247. PMID: 26944220
Snowdon, C., Zimmermann, E., & Altenmüller, E. (2015) Music evolution and neuroscience. Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Evolution, the Musical Brain, Medical Conditions, and Therapies, 17-34. DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.019
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