All posts; Tags Include "Psychiatry"
- October 14, 2016
- 11:50 AM
- 112 views
Pathways to Substance Use and Abuse
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Neuroscience medicine clinicians encounter patients every day who have both a mental and substance use disorder.This co-occurrence, or comorbidity, complicates diagnosis, treatment and outcome.The exact mechanism for this comorbidity issue is unclear.A recent study out of Washington University in St. Louis and King's College London provides some insight into this comorbidity issue.They examined participants in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE). These subjects provided genet........ Read more »
Carey CE, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Hartz SM, Lynskey MT, Nelson EC, Bierut LJ, & Bogdan R. (2016) Associations between Polygenic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Involvement. Frontiers in genetics, 149. PMID: 27574527
- October 3, 2016
- 10:56 AM
- 203 views
Robin Williams and Lewy Body Disease
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a post last week, I highlighted a recent study examining clinical issues in the diagnosis of Lewy body dementia (LBD).This study examined differentiating clinical and neuropsychological factors between LBD, Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease.You can access this post by clicking HERE.This topic received significant attention following the description of comedian Robin Williams' last years by his wife in the journal Neurology.Robin Williams suffered from LBD and like many, his diagnos........ Read more »
Williams SS. (2016) The terrorist inside my husband's brain. Neurology, 87(13), 1308-1311. info:/
- August 30, 2016
- 11:59 AM
- 275 views
Dyslexia Improvement in Medication Trial
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Dyslexia or developmental reading disorder is a common learning disorder affecting about 5% of the school age population.Treatment of dyslexia is difficult and typically is focused on special education classes and reading exercises.Medication treatment for dyslexia is nearly unheard of as no FDA-approved drug is available for the condition.However, a recent randomized clinical drug trial found evidence to support the potential use of atomoxetine for dyslexia.Atomoxetine is a drug approved for at........ Read more »
Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Wietecha L, Wigal S, McBurnett K, Williams D, Kronenberger WG, & Hooper SR. (2016) Effect of Atomoxetine Treatment on Reading and Phonological Skills in Children with Dyslexia or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Dyslexia in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. PMID: 27410907
- August 9, 2016
- 11:16 AM
- 404 views
Genetics of Depression: Secondary Markers
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In my previous post, I highlighted a recent study of genetics and major depression from the 23andMe database.I have had a chance to review this manuscript in more detail. One of the findings of interest involved secondary marker or secondary phenotypes.Fifteen genetic loci were identified in this 23andMe sample using a discovery and replication data set.Secondary phenotypes with the highest correlation with the 17 SNPs identified in the study included (effect) :Taking a selective serotonin reupt........ Read more »
Hyde CL, Nagle MW, Tian C, Chen X, Paciga SA, Wendland JR, Tung JY, Hinds DA, Perlis RH, & Winslow AR. (2016) Identification of 15 genetic loci associated with risk of major depression in individuals of European descent. Nature genetics. PMID: 27479909
- July 27, 2016
- 01:33 PM
- 346 views
Posttraumatic stress disorder a greater risk in rich countries
by Eva Alisic in Trauma Recovery
One would think that people with few friends and living in poverty are more at risk for PTSD than those with a strong support network and many resources. And that's true.
However, it is a different story when you look at the country-, rather than the individual level. Countries with more resources, such as the USA and the Netherlands, have higher levels of PTSD than countries with fewer resources (e.g. Colombia, South Africa).
... Read more »
Dückers ML, Alisic E, & Brewin CR. (2016) A vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry. PMID: 27445357
- June 6, 2016
- 11:50 AM
- 378 views
Neuroscience Medicine: The Time Has Come
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
As basic and clinical sciences advance, it becomes increasing important to understand the role of multidisciplinary efforts in scientific progress. In this post, I propose rethinking and renaming the medically-related neuroscience disciplines into a new specialty called neuroscience medicine.Basic neuroscience research has evolved and emerged as a powerful discipline due to the increasing use of multidisciplinary research teams. Basic neuroscience involves collaboration of various scientifi........ Read more »
Insel, T. (2005) Psychiatry as a Clinical Neuroscience Discipline. JAMA, 294(17), 2221. DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.17.2221
- June 4, 2016
- 07:40 PM
- 321 views
Trauma research must be Open Access
by Eva Alisic in Trauma Recovery
We recently examined how global and how open the literature on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is.
Not so global, and not so open.
Only 13% of the publications of 2012 regarded samples in low- or middle-income countries and 58% were behind a paywall.
It worries me that practicing psychologists can’t access the latest research on therapy effectiveness...
... Read more »
Fodor, K., & et al. (2014) Is traumatic stress research global? A bibliometric analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.23269
- June 2, 2016
- 12:11 PM
- 494 views
The Future of Neuroscience Education
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I spent the majority of my career in medical education and saw significant changes over time.One encouraging sign was the emergence of neuroscience as a respected and beneficial academic discipline.Now, a new perspective on Neuroscience Training for the 21st Center has been written by Huda Akil and colleagues. This perspective is recently published in the journal Neuron with free access to the full-text manuscript.Here are my notes from reading this perspective. Readers can access the free full-........ Read more »
Akil, H., Balice-Gordon, R., Cardozo, D., Koroshetz, W., Posey Norris, S., Sherer, T., Sherman, S., & Thiels, E. (2016) Neuroscience Training for the 21st Century. Neuron, 90(5), 917-926. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.030
- May 27, 2016
- 10:24 AM
- 536 views
Prenatal Smoking and Offspring Schizophrenia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The topic prevention of brain disorders is commonly neglected. This is despite increasing evidence for evidence-based support for prevention opportunities.This issue is highlighted in a recent study out of Finland that examined prenatal nicotine metabolite levels and offspring diagnosis of schizophrenia.In this study, Solja Niemela and the Finnish research team examined all live births in Finland between 1983 and 1998.What makes this study powerful is the measurement of maternal serum coti........ Read more »
Niemelä, S., Sourander, A., Surcel, H., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., McKeague, I., Cheslack-Postava, K., & Brown, A. (2016) Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Risk of Schizophrenia Among Offspring in a National Birth Cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15060800
Talati A, Bao Y, Kaufman J, Shen L, Schaefer CA, & Brown AS. (2013) Maternal smoking during pregnancy and bipolar disorder in offspring. The American journal of psychiatry, 170(10), 1178-85. PMID: 24084820
- May 23, 2016
- 10:39 AM
- 485 views
Emotional Processing: A Key to Depression Treatment?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In my last post I reported on the use of machine learning to aid in predicting response to depression treatment.Another interesting depression prediction tool is being investigated in a trial in England funded by the Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust.This trial uses a visual facial recognition tool. The hypothesis is that early antidepressant action can be identified by changes in facial emotional recognition.This trial stems from work by Catherine Harmer Ph.D. from the University of Oxford. He........ Read more »
Pringle A, & Harmer CJ. (2015) The effects of drugs on human models of emotional processing: an account of antidepressant drug treatment. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(4), 477-87. PMID: 26869848
- May 20, 2016
- 10:50 AM
- 431 views
Predicting Depression Treatment Response: Machine Learning
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Treatment of depression remains primarily an uninformed clinical process. Several effective drug and psychotherapy interventions are available. However, there is no reliable way to determine which treatment is likely to be the most effective for an individual patient.A recent study that used machine learning techniques to address this problem has been published.A research team from Yale University used clinical data from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) tr........ Read more »
Chekroud AM, Zotti RJ, Shehzad Z, Gueorguieva R, Johnson MK, Trivedi MH, Cannon TD, Krystal JH, & Corlett PR. (2016) Cross-trial prediction of treatment outcome in depression: a machine learning approach. The lancet. Psychiatry, 3(3), 243-50. PMID: 26803397
- May 5, 2016
- 02:26 PM
- 453 views
Ketamine Metabolite Linked to Rapid Antidepressant Effect
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Model of crytalized ketamine moleculeStandard antidepressant therapies typically take two weeks or more to begin to act.Ketamine is an anesthetic drug recently demonstrated to have a rapid antidepressant effect.The mechanism for this effect is unknown. A recent mouse study of ketamine and metabolites of ketamine show some potentially groundbreaking insight for the treatment of depression.This study found these significant findings:Ketamine like most organic compounds is made of boty an R an........ Read more »
Zanos, P., Moaddel, R., Morris, P., Georgiou, P., Fischell, J., Elmer, G., Alkondon, M., Yuan, P., Pribut, H., Singh, N.... (2016) NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/nature17998
- March 20, 2016
- 08:06 AM
- 658 views
A Detached Sense of Self Associated with Altered Neural Responses to Mirror Touch
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Our bodily sense of self contributes to our personal feelings of awareness as a conscious being. How we see our bodies and move through space and feel touched by loved ones are integral parts of our identity. What happens when this sense of self breaks down? One form of dissolution is Depersonalization Disorder (DPD).1 Individuals with DPD feel estranged or disconnected from themselves, as if their bodies belong to someone else, and “they” are merely a detached observer. Or the self feel........ Read more »
Adler, J., Schabinger, N., Michal, M., Beutel, M., & Gillmeister, H. (2016) Is that me in the mirror? Depersonalisation modulates tactile mirroring mechanisms. Neuropsychologia. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.009
Lenggenhager, B., Pazzaglia, M., Scivoletto, G., Molinari, M., & Aglioti, S. (2012) The Sense of the Body in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. PLoS ONE, 7(11). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050757
- March 9, 2016
- 10:55 AM
- 800 views
Look Who's Talking
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Would you believe that the anatomy of your ribs is why you can sing and an ape can’t, or that one of the same reasons you can speak is the same reason you are likely to choke to death on a hotdog? Biology is weird, and you can tell it I said so.... Read more »
Kurt, S., Fisher, S., & Ehret, G. (2012) Foxp2 Mutations Impair Auditory-Motor Association Learning. PLoS ONE, 7(3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033130
Li, T., Zeng, Z., Zhao, Q., Wang, T., Huang, K., Li, J., Li, Y., Liu, J., Wei, Z., Wang, Y.... (2012) FoxP2 is significantly associated associated with schizophrenia and major depression in the Chinese Han Population . World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 1-5. DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.615860
- March 8, 2016
- 04:15 PM
- 571 views
What do you do when a patient wakes up during CPR?
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
The return of consciousness without the return of a pulse is still rare, but may be more common with our increased focus on high quality chest compressions. There is still no evidence that interrupting chest compressions, for anything other than defibrillation, improves outcomes.
Is this due to the consistency of the machine? Maybe. Maybe not. We do not have enough evidence to draw that conclusion.
Is this growing population really growing? Maybe. Maybe not. We do not have enough evidence ........ Read more »
Rice, D., Nudell, N., Habrat, D., Smith, J., & Ernest, E. (2016) CPR induced consciousness: It's time for sedation protocols for this growing population. Resuscitation. DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.02.013
Olaussen A, Shepherd M, Nehme Z, Smith K, Bernard S, & Mitra B. (2015) Return of consciousness during ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review. Resuscitation, 44-8. PMID: 25447435
Lilja G, Nilsson G, Nielsen N, Friberg H, Hassager C, Koopmans M, Kuiper M, Martini A, Mellinghoff J, Pelosi P.... (2015) Anxiety and depression among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation, 68-75. PMID: 26433116
- March 7, 2016
- 06:26 AM
- 601 views
Writing-Induced Fugue State
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Who is this, wandering around the crowded street, afraid of everything, trusting no one? “There must be something wrong, somewhere.”But maybe I’m safer since I look disheveled. Who are these people? Where is this place?Did I write that? When did that happen? I don’t remember. I can’t stop writing. I can’t stop walking, either, which is a problem because it’s hard to write and walk at the same time.In the early 1940s, Austrian Psychiatrist Dr. Erwin Stengel wrote a pair of papers........ Read more »
Stengel, E. (1941) On the Aetiology of the Fugue States. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 87(369), 572-599. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.87.369.572
Stengel, E. (1943) Further Studies on Pathological Wandering (Fugues with the Impulse to Wander). The British Journal of Psychiatry, 89(375), 224-241. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.89.375.224
- January 22, 2016
- 08:30 AM
- 658 views
This Neuroimaging Method Has 100% Diagnostic Accuracy (or your money back)
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129659.g003Did you know that SPECT imaging can diagnose PTSD with 100% accuracy (Amen et al., 2015)? Not only that, out of a sample of 397 patients from the Amen Clinic in Newport Beach, SPECT was able to distinguish between four different groups with 100% accuracy! That's right, the scans of (1) healthy participants, and patients with (2) classic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), (3) classic traumatic brain injury (TBI), and (4) both disorders..... were all classi........ Read more »
Amen, D., Raji, C., Willeumier, K., Taylor, D., Tarzwell, R., Newberg, A., & Henderson, T. (2015) Functional Neuroimaging Distinguishes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder from Traumatic Brain Injury in Focused and Large Community Datasets. PLOS ONE, 10(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129659
- January 8, 2016
- 07:47 AM
- 804 views
Opioid Drugs for Mental Anguish: Basic Research and Clinical Trials
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
The prescription opioid crisis of overdosing and overprescribing has reached epic proportions, according to the North American media. Just last week, we learned that 91% of patients who survive opioid overdose are prescribed more opioids! The CDC calls it an epidemic, and notes there's been “a 200% increase in the rate of overdose deaths involving opioid pain relievers and heroin.” A recent paper in the Annual Review of Public Health labels it a “public health crisis” and proposes “int........ Read more »
Panksepp, J., & Yovell, Y. (2014) Preclinical Modeling of Primal Emotional Affects (SEEKING, PANIC and PLAY): Gateways to the Development of New Treatments for Depression. Psychopathology, 47(6), 383-393. DOI: 10.1159/000366208
Tenore, P. (2008) Psychotherapeutic Benefits of Opioid Agonist Therapy. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 27(3), 49-65. DOI: 10.1080/10550880802122646
Watt, D., & Panksepp, J. (2009) Depression: An Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism to Terminate Separation Distress? A Review of Aminergic, Peptidergic, and Neural Network Perspectives. Neuropsychoanalysis, 11(1), 7-51. DOI: 10.1080/15294145.2009.10773593
Yovell, Y., Bar, G., Mashiah, M., Baruch, Y., Briskman, I., Asherov, J., Lotan, A., Rigbi, A., & Panksepp, J. (2015) Ultra-Low-Dose Buprenorphine as a Time-Limited Treatment for Severe Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15040535
- January 5, 2016
- 11:37 AM
- 643 views
Stroke Risk Following Mental Disorders
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
An important recent manuscript published in JAMA Psychiatry looked at medical illnesses rates following diagnosis of a brain (mental) disorder.This very large international study examined over 47,000 subjects followed between 2001 and 2011.Baseline psychiatric assessment was completed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Physical illness was assessed using a self-report of physician's diagnosis.The manuscript is not free but I was able to obtain a professional courtesy copy of........ Read more »
Scott KM, Lim C, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Bruffaerts R, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Florescu S, de Girolamo G, Hu C, de Jonge P.... (2015) Association of Mental Disorders With Subsequent Chronic Physical Conditions: World Mental Health Surveys From 17 Countries. JAMA psychiatry, 1-9. PMID: 26719969
- January 4, 2016
- 03:25 PM
- 588 views
Psychotic Experiences and Cognitive Deficits Affects Large Proportion of Population
by Marie Benz in MedicalResearch.com
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Josephine Mollon MSc Department of Psychosis Studies Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience King’s College London London, England Medical Research: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Dr. Mollon: Psychotic symptoms, such … Continue reading →
The post Psychotic Experiences and Cognitive Deficits Affects Large Proportion of Population appeared first on MedicalResearch.com.
... Read more »
Josephine Mollon MSc. (2016) Psychotic Experiences and Cognitive Deficits Affects Large Proportion of Population. MedicalResearch.com. info:/
topics
join us!
Do you write about peer-reviewed research in your blog? Use ResearchBlogging.org to make it easy for your readers — and others from around the world — to find your serious posts about academic research.
If you don't have a blog, you can still use our site to learn about fascinating developments in cutting-edge research from around the world.
Research Blogging is powered by SMG Technology.
To learn more, visit seedmediagroup.com.