All posts; Tags Include "Psychiatry"
- March 5, 2013
- 11:47 PM
- 840 views
Perfect match
by Jon Brock in Cracking the Enigma
I've got a new post over on the SFARI (Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative) blog discussing the use of control groups in autism research.Control groups are an essential part of autism research, providing a benchmark against which to assess those with autism. Finding, for instance, that participants with autism score an average of 68 percent on a test is meaningless if you don’t know how people who don’t have autism do on the same test. A control group can also b........ Read more »
Kover ST, & Atwoo AK. (2013) Establishing equivalence: methodological progress in group-matching design and analysis. American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 118(1), 3-15. PMID: 23301899
- March 5, 2013
- 06:27 AM
- 1,019 views
Does watching the news make you feel more miserable than not watching it?
by Stuart Farrimond in Guru: Science Blog
That’s a really great question. Whether we watch, read, or listen to the news, I’m sure we have all had the feeling of being sick about it; be it the story itself or how it is presented. A huge proportion of our news seems to be negatively biased – but why? The answer has, in [...]... Read more »
Johnston WM, & Davey GC. (1997) The psychological impact of negative TV news bulletins: the catastrophizing of personal worries. British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953), 85-91. PMID: 9061893
Marin, M., Morin-Major, J., Schramek, T., Beaupré, A., Perna, A., Juster, R., & Lupien, S. (2012) There Is No News Like Bad News: Women Are More Remembering and Stress Reactive after Reading Real Negative News than Men. PLoS ONE, 7(10). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047189
- March 3, 2013
- 11:24 PM
- 958 views
Is Living in an Urban City a Risk Factor for Bulimia Nervosa?
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
The link between urban living and mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression has been known for quite some time (Sundquist et al., 2004). In one study, Sundquist et al found that individuals living in a densely populated area had a 68-77% higher risk of developing psychosis and 12-22% higher risk of developing depression.
The question then arises, do eating disorders follow a similar pattern? And if yes, what are some possible explanations? Certainly we know that both genetic and envi........ Read more »
VAN SON, G., VAN HOEKEN, D., BARTELDS, A., VAN FURTH, E., & HOEK, H. (2006) Urbanisation and the incidence of eating disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(6), 562-563. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021378
- February 28, 2013
- 04:26 PM
- 830 views
Framing Eating Disorders As “Brain Diseases” Might Lead to More Stigma
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Many-myself included-assume that emphasizing the biological basis of mental disorders will reduce mental health stigma. The idea is that it will place less blame and personal responsibility on the affected individual.
Still, when it comes to raising awareness and reducing stigma, we need to make sure that our assumptions hold up to the evidence, otherwise we run the risk of playing a game of broken telephone. Given that this is Eating Disorder Awareness Week in the United States, th........ Read more »
Angermeyer, M., Mnich, E., Daubmann, A., Herich, L., Wegscheider, K., Kofahl, C., & Knesebeck, O. (2013) Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of people with eating disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0648-9
- February 25, 2013
- 05:30 PM
- 1,254 views
Rigid Food Rules in Eating Disorders: Is Perfectionism to Blame?
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
I remember cutting baby carrots into 6 pieces. Rushing home to eat because I wasn’t “allowed” to eat after 7 pm. Eating the exact portion size-no more, no less. (Oh the rules. I don’t miss them.) Rigid food rules are very common among eating disorder sufferers. These rules can be about anything: the foods you are allowed to eat, how you are allowed to eat them, the time you are allowed to eat them, and so on.
But where do they come from? Why do some indivi........ Read more »
Brown, A., Parman, K., Rudat, D., & Craighead, L. (2012) Disordered eating, perfectionism, and food rules. Eating Behaviors, 13(4), 347-353. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.05.011
- February 22, 2013
- 09:28 PM
- 1,660 views
Chewing and Spitting: A Neglected Symptom in Eating Disorders?
by Shelly Fan in Science of Eating Disorders
Dear Science of Eating Disorders readers, please welcome Shelly, our newest contributor! Shelly is a PhD Candidate in Neuroscience at the University of British Columbia. You can find out more about Shelly on the ‘About Shelly‘ page. Check out her neuro(science) blog, Neurorexia and follow her on Twitter. Email shelly@scienceofeds.org to get in-touch.
Just a note, do keep in mind that I (Tetyana) try to give as much freedom as possible to guest writers and contributors to ........ Read more »
Guarda, A., Coughlin, J., Cummings, M., Marinilli, A., Haug, N., Boucher, M., & Heinberg, L. (2004) Chewing and spitting in eating disorders and its relationship to binge eating. Eating Behaviors, 5(3), 231-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.01.001
- February 20, 2013
- 09:16 PM
- 867 views
Lifetime Prevalence of Eating Disorders Among Eating Disorder Professionals
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
How many professionals that treat eating disorders have a personal history of struggling with an eating disorder? It is a crucial question to ask (and answer) because there are important implications for patient treatment and for the health of the afflicted professionals. It is true that many (or most?) individuals who go into mental health do so because of personal experiences-whether due to their own personal history or the experiences of a loved one-so it is useful to ask, just ho........ Read more »
BARBARICH, N. (2002) Lifetime Prevalence of Eating Disorders Among Professionals in the Field. Eating Disorders, 10(4), 305-312. DOI: 10.1080/10640260214505
- February 17, 2013
- 11:45 PM
- 750 views
Shared Genetics Between Disordered Eating and Periods (Menses)
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Puberty at an early age increases the risk for disordered eating behaviours such as bingeing and purging (Jacobi et al., 2004; Kaltiala-Heino et al., 2001). What’s more, the hormone estradiol moderates the risk of disordered eating behaviours. More precisely, in a group of twins with low estradiol levels, differences in disordered eating are likely due to environmental factors (such as family, school, friends), but in a group of twins with high estradiol levels, the differences in dis........ Read more »
Baker JH, Thornton LM, Bulik CM, Kendler KS, & Lichtenstein P. (2012) Shared genetic effects between age at menarche and disordered eating. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 491-6. PMID: 23084171
- February 14, 2013
- 11:58 PM
- 1,383 views
Personality Traits after Recovery from Eating Disorders: Do Anorexia and Bulimia Patients Differ?
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
When we think about eating disorders, we tend to think about eating disorder subtypes: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder. A lot of previous work has shown that individuals with AN and BN tend to be anxious, depressed, perfectionistic, and harm-avoidant. Patients with AN also tend to score low on novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and self-directedness, whereas patients with BN score high on novelty-seeking and impulsivity. More recently, however, some researchers ........ Read more »
Wagner, A., Barbarich-Marsteller, N., Frank, G., Bailer, U., Wonderlich, S., Crosby, R., Henry, S., Vogel, V., Plotnicov, K., McConaha, C.... (2006) Personality traits after recovery from eating disorders: Do subtypes differ?. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(4), 276-284. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20251
- February 12, 2013
- 02:48 PM
- 985 views
Depressed Patients Seek Primary Care Due to Pain
by Kim Kristiansen in Picture of Pain
More than half of patients with depression in primary care comes due to pain... Read more »
Kim Kristiansen, M.D. (2013) Depressed Patients Seek Primary Care Due to Pain. Picture of Pain Blog. info:/
- February 10, 2013
- 02:07 AM
- 1,971 views
Bingeing and Purging Marathons: Repeated Binge/Purge Cycles in Bulimia Nervosa
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
I used to call them bingeing and purging marathons. If I binged and purged in the morning, chances were, I’d binge and purge throughout the day. The next time I’d eat, I was likely to end up–whether I wanted to or not–bingeing and purging. Not all individuals with bulimia nervosa binge and purge every day (or purge everything they eat, for that matter), but many do, and some binge and purge multiple times a day. In recovery, many people start by trying not to binge and purge before a c........ Read more »
Johnson, W., Jarrell, M., Chupurdia, K., & Williamson, D. (2010) Repeated binge/purge cycles in bulimia nervosa: Role of glucose and insulin. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15(4), 331-341. DOI: 10.1002/eat.2260150404
- February 7, 2013
- 11:59 PM
- 2,054 views
Medical Complications of Purging in Bulimia Nervosa
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are mental disorders with physical complications. Sometimes lots of them. I’ve blogged before about medical complications that are likely to come up in an emergency room setting, but that was a while ago. So I thought that today I’ll focus specifically on medical complications that occur in bulimia nervosa as a result of purging (self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and diuretic abuse).
These complications are particularly important because (1) patients with ........ Read more »
Mehler, P. (2010) Medical complications of bulimia nervosa and their treatments. International Journal of Eating Disorders. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20825
- February 6, 2013
- 11:49 AM
- 1,050 views
Interferon-induced Depression: Genetics
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Photo of a pair of green wing tealInterferon remains a key first line treatment for treatment of hepatitis C. However, interferon has significant neuropsychiatric effects including risk for depression and even suicide in rare individuals.Some individuals with hepatitis C are unable to complete a course of interferon because of induced depression. This makes understanding this phenomenon important to develop prevention and treatment strategies.Understanding how interferon induces depr........ Read more »
Schlaak JF, Trippler M, Hoyo-Becerra C, Erim Y, Kis B, Wang B, Scherbaum N, & Gerken G. (2012) Selective hyper-responsiveness of the interferon system in major depressive disorders and depression induced by interferon therapy. PloS one, 7(6). PMID: 22701688
- February 4, 2013
- 11:56 PM
- 1,441 views
Is Anorexia Nervosa An Anxiety Disorder?
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common among patients with eating disorders. In one study of female inpatients, around 50-65% had a comorbid anxiety disorder (see my post here). Anxiety disorders in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) typically begin before the eating disorder and often persist after weight restoration and recovery (Bulik et al., 1997; Casper, 1990). Moreover, previous twin studies have suggested that there’s a “correlation between eating disorders and certain anxiety an........ Read more »
Strober, M., Freeman, R., Lampert, C., & Diamond, J. (2007) The association of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive personality disorder with anorexia nervosa: Evidence from a family study with discussion of nosological and neurodevelopmental implications. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(S3). DOI: 10.1002/eat.20429
- February 4, 2013
- 11:58 AM
- 882 views
Oxytocin and Grandparent Attachment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I a previous post I summarized a review of the emerging research field of oxytocin and human attachment.This research supports a key role for oxytocin in reproduction and parental infant bonding. The above mentioned review emphasized the important role of gender, genetic and early environment in the effect individual human variation in oxytocin response.One additionally related important research topic relates to the effect of ageing on oxytocin-related systems. Huffmeijer and colle........ Read more »
Huffmeijer R, van Ijzendoorn MH, & Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. (2013) Ageing and oxytocin: a call for extending human oxytocin research to ageing populations - a mini-review. Gerontology, 59(1), 32-9. PMID: 22922544
- February 2, 2013
- 11:11 PM
- 1,062 views
Over-Exercise is Associated With Suicidality in Individuals with Disordered Eating
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Last week, I blogged about a study that examined personality traits and clinical variables associated with excessive exercise in eating disorder patients. In that study, 2 out of 5 participants engaged in excessive exercise Today, I’m going to discuss a study that suggests over-exercise in disordered eating patients is associated with suicide behaviour.
Suicide rates in eating disorder patients are high. One meta-analysis suggested that out of all eating disorder related deaths, 1 in ........ Read more »
Smith, A., Fink, E., Anestis, M., Ribeiro, J., Gordon, K., Davis, H., Keel, P., Bardone-Cone, A., Peterson, C., Klein, M.... (2012) Exercise caution: Over-exercise is associated with suicidality among individuals with disordered eating. Psychiatry Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.004
- February 1, 2013
- 11:44 AM
- 1,093 views
Oxytocin and Human Attachment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I summarized a recent review on the neuroscience of human attachment. This review highlighted research related to the human bonding and social interactions. Attachment ability shows significant variability in humans with insecure attachment styles contributing to risk for some mental disorders. The neuroanatomical framework for social processing is being investigated with brain imaging techniques.Hormonal factors including the role of oxytoc........ Read more »
Macdonald KS. (2012) Sex, receptors, and attachment: a review of individual factors influencing response to oxytocin. Frontiers in neuroscience, 194. PMID: 23335876
- January 31, 2013
- 12:47 PM
- 841 views
Neuroscience of Human Attachment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Attachment is the ability to form human relationship bonds. Individuals vary in their ability to develop social relationships. The ability to form secure human relationships plays a key role in successful personal and occupational development.Attachment theory evolved over 50 years ago. This theory proposes all humans have an innate biological mechanism that supports social engagement. This engagement is necessary during infancy to encourage nurturance and provision of a ........ Read more »
Vrtička, P., & Vuilleumier, P. (2012) Neuroscience of human social interactions and adult attachment style. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00212
- January 30, 2013
- 01:45 AM
- 910 views
What Really Goes On Inside Pro-Ana Communities? (Maybe They Are Not So Bad After All)
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Ambivalence is a great word to describe how many eating disorder patients feel about recovery. Many people that follow my Science of Eating Disorders tumblr run thinspo blogs. But, they follow me, and many probably follow fyoured, which offers pro-recovery advice. Many people might want to recover someday, but they feel they can’t let go of the behaviours now. They are not denying their illness, or that recovery will happen, or that it really IS a disorder, but, right now, recove........ Read more »
Brotsky SR, & Giles D. (2007) Inside the "pro-ana" community: a covert online participant observation. Eating disorders, 15(2), 93-109. PMID: 17454069
- January 26, 2013
- 11:35 PM
- 1,010 views
Excessive Exercise in Eating Disorders
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Excessive exercise (EE) is common among eating disorder patients. Indeed, in the study I’ll write about today, 39% of patients engaged in EE. Previous studies have tried to find psychopathological and personality correlates of EE but the results have been inconsistent. Some studies have suggested that impulsivity and addictiveness are highly correlated with EE whereas others found that anxious and depressive traits were more closely associated.
In this multi-site study, Shro........ Read more »
Shroff, H., Reba, L., Thornton, L., Tozzi, F., Klump, K., Berrettini, W., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Crow, S., Fichter, M.... (2006) Features associated with excessive exercise in women with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(6), 454-461. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20247
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