All posts; Tags Include "Psychiatry"
- October 18, 2013
- 11:19 AM
- 928 views
Clinical Utility of Weight Suppression in Bulimia Nervosa Treatment – Part II
by Jackie in Science of Eating Disorders
In this post I will continue my discussion on weight suppression in bulimia nervosa (click here to read Part I). Just in case you happen to be reading the posts out of sequence, I will summarize the main points of that entry:
Weight suppression is the difference between one’s current body weight and highest adult body weight.
It has been found that individuals with BN are on average well below their highest historical weights (i.e. they are weight suppressed).
Many studies have consiste........ Read more »
Butryn ML, Lowe MR, Safer DL, & Agras WS. (2006) Weight suppression is a robust predictor of outcome in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(1), 62-7. PMID: 16492096
Carter FA, McIntosh VV, Joyce PR, & Bulik CM. (2008) Weight suppression predicts weight gain over treatment but not treatment completion or outcome in bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(4), 936-40. PMID: 19025238
Dawkins H, Watson HJ, Egan SJ, & Kane RT. (2013) Weight suppression in bulimia nervosa: relationship with cognitive behavioral therapy outcome. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(6), 586-93. PMID: 23606241
Zunker C, Crosby RD, Mitchell JE, Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB, & Crow SJ. (2011) Weight suppression as a predictor variable in treatment trials of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(8), 727-30. PMID: 20957701
- October 16, 2013
- 11:48 AM
- 711 views
Depression, Inflammation and Novel Treatments
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is growing evidence of a role for inflammation in the etiology of some types of mood disorders. Patients receiving the antiviral inflammatory drug interferon commonly demonstrate symptoms of depression. Depression rates are increased in patients suffering from other known inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.A recent animal study of depression induced by inflammation supports further research into the potential for anti-inflammatory drugs as novel ant........ Read more »
Izaque S. Maciel, Rodrigo B. M. Silva, [..], and Maria M. Campos. (2013) Synergistic Effects of Celecoxib and Bupropion in a Model of Chronic Inflammation-Related Depression in Mice. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077227
- October 15, 2013
- 11:59 PM
- 927 views
HW vs. CW: Weight Suppression in Bulimia Nervosa – Part I
by Jackie in Science of Eating Disorders
HW. CW. LW. GW1. GW2. GW3. UGW.
If you have (or have had) an eating disorder (or dieted and used online forums), chances are you know what those acronyms mean. And if you have browsed blogs written by eating disorder sufferers, chances are you have come across these acronyms too. After all, they are a prominent feature of many such blogs.
If you are lost, I’ll fill you in: the acronyms stand for Highest Weight, Current Weight, Lowest Weight, Goal Weight 1/2/3, and Ultimate Goal Weigh........ Read more »
Butryn ML, Lowe MR, Safer DL, & Agras WS. (2006) Weight suppression is a robust predictor of outcome in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(1), 62-7. PMID: 16492096
Butryn ML, Juarascio A, & Lowe MR. (2011) The relation of weight suppression and BMI to bulimic symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(7), 612-7. PMID: 21997424
Lowe MR, Davis W, Lucks D, Annunziato R, & Butryn M. (2006) Weight suppression predicts weight gain during inpatient treatment of bulimia nervosa. Physiology , 87(3), 487-92. PMID: 16442572
Zunker C, Crosby RD, Mitchell JE, Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB, & Crow SJ. (2011) Weight suppression as a predictor variable in treatment trials of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(8), 727-30. PMID: 20957701
- October 5, 2013
- 01:58 PM
- 949 views
The Art of Therapy: Using of Arts-Based Therapies in Eating Disorder Treatment
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
Arts-based therapies are often used to supplement more “traditional” eating disorder treatment protocols in various different settings, ranging from individual therapy to inpatient units. However, as Frisch, Franko & Herzog (2006) note, no published research provides empirical support for the use of arts-based therapies for eating disorder treatment.
You might be wondering: if there is no empirical support, why are clinicians still using these therapeutic practices? You might also be wonder........ Read more »
Frisch MJ, Franko DL, & Herzog DB. (2006) Arts-based therapies in the treatment of eating disorders. Eating Disorders, 14(2), 131-42. PMID: 16777810
- September 30, 2013
- 03:48 PM
- 1,038 views
Looking Schizophrenia in the Eye
by Rebecca Schwarzlose in Garden of the Mind
More than a century ago, scientists discovered something usual about how people with schizophrenia move their eyes. Psychologist and inventor Raymond Dodge and psychiatrist Allen Diefendorf were trying out an early incarnation of the modern eye tracker. When they used it on psychiatric patients, they found that people with schizophrenia had a funny way of following a moving object with their eyes.... Read more »
Benson PJ, Beedie SA, Shephard E, Giegling I, Rujescu D, & St Clair D. (2012) Simple viewing tests can detect eye movement abnormalities that distinguish schizophrenia cases from controls with exceptional accuracy. Biological psychiatry, 72(9), 716-24. PMID: 22621999
- September 28, 2013
- 11:24 PM
- 891 views
Bingeing Because Food is Yummy: A Stepping Stone Toward Recovery from Anorexia and Bulimia?
by Liz in Science of Eating Disorders
This may sound counterintuitive at first, but I’m thankful for two aspects of my eating disorder, which I believe helped me make the choice to aim towards recovery: the development of binge eating after chronic food restriction and the physical inability to purge through self-induced vomiting. Like many individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa that go on to develop binge eating, I tended to choose high-fat foods and sweets as my “go-to” food items. I had always e........ Read more »
Witt AA, & Lowe MR. (2013) Hedonic hunger and binge eating among women with eating disorders. The International Journal of Eating Disorders. PMID: 24014479
- September 26, 2013
- 12:29 PM
- 716 views
Notes on the Suicide in U.S. Freakonomics Podcast
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The Freakonomics podcast is about one of ten that I follow regularly. Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner have written two popular books, Freakonomics and Superfreakonomics.Levitt and Dubner utilize advanaces in statistical analysis techniques to examine important societal issues related to economics.In a recent podcast, the replayed an episode that looked at suicide. This episode is an interesting review of some of the current issues in suicide epidemiology.Here are my notes from the episode........ Read more »
Gunn Iii JF, & Lester D. (2012) Media guidelines in the internet age. Crisis, 33(4), 187-9. PMID: 22820640
Wray M, Miller M, Gurvey J, Carroll J, & Kawachi I. (2008) Leaving Las Vegas: Exposure to Las Vegas and risk of suicide. Social science , 67(11), 1882-8. PMID: 18938005
Niederkrotenthaler T, Fu KW, Yip PS, Fong DY, Stack S, Cheng Q, & Pirkis J. (2012) Changes in suicide rates following media reports on celebrity suicide: a meta-analysis. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 66(11), 1037-42. PMID: 22523342
Rihmer Z, Gonda X, Kapitany B, & Dome P. (2013) Suicide in Hungary-epidemiological and clinical perspectives. Annals of general psychiatry, 12(1), 21. PMID: 23803500
- September 25, 2013
- 11:09 AM
- 722 views
Autism, Risperidone and the Genetics of Weight Gain
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Weight gain is an key adverse event associated with many drug classes in psychopharmacology.Understanding this adverse event is important in patient selection and management.Genetics may play a key role in the risk for the type and severity of adverse events. EL Nurmi and colleagues recently published an exploratory study of the role of genetics in weight gain associated with autism in children and adolescents participating in a clinical trial. The key elements of the design of this s........ Read more »
Nurmi EL, Spilman SL, Whelan F, Scahill LL, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Arnold LE, Handen B, Johnson C, Sukhodolsky DG.... (2013) Moderation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain by energy balance gene variants in the RUPP autism network risperidone studies. Translational psychiatry. PMID: 23799528
- September 22, 2013
- 11:33 PM
- 859 views
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa in the “Real World”: What’s the Evidence?
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is commonly described as the evidence-based treatment for bulimia nervosa. But do the findings from nearly perfectly crafted trials, with stringently followed protocols and “ideal” participants apply to the “real world”? How generalizable are the findings from carefully selected participants to clinical populations where, for one, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities is relatively high?
In other words, CBT has been shown to be efficacious ........ Read more »
Waller G, Gray E, Hinrichsen H, Mountford V, Lawson R, & Patient E. (2013) Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa and atypical bulimic nervosa: Effectiveness in clinical settings. International Journal of Eating Disorders. PMID: 23996224
- September 18, 2013
- 11:49 AM
- 793 views
Demystifying the Genetic and Environmental Influences on Disordered Eating
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Genetics play an important role in the development of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviours. To date, many (over 30!) twin studies have been done and all but two found significant genetic effects on the development of eating disorders and disordered eating. However, no methodology is without limitations and tentative conclusions become more convincing when the findings are confirmed using different experimental approaches.
Twin studies, while they offer many advantages, are n........ Read more »
Klump KL, Suisman JL, Burt SA, McGue M, & Iacono WG. (2009) Genetic and environmental influences on disordered eating: An adoption study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(4), 797-805. PMID: 19899849
- September 16, 2013
- 04:01 AM
- 572 views
Chill Out: Disturbed Sleep Plays Havoc with Your Mood and Mind
by Dorothy Bruck in United Academics
Chronic lack of sleep has serious public health implications... Read more »
Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, & Harris JK. (2013) A Systematic Review Assessing Bidirectionality between Sleep Disturbances, Anxiety, and Depression. Sleep, 36(7), 1059-1068. PMID: 23814343
- September 13, 2013
- 04:05 PM
- 785 views
The Impact of an Eating Disorder Prevention Program: The Girls’ Perspective
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
Over the years, I have read a number of articles describing eating disorder prevention programs. Unfortunately, many reveal limited efficacy, and some even highlight detrimental effects. Primary among concerns of those evaluating prevention programs is that even when effective, we often have limited data about the long-term effects of prevention programs. This lack of follow-up limits the ability to draw conclusions about these initiatives and is cause for pause for those interested in imp........ Read more »
González, M.L.,, Mora, M., Penelo, E., Goddard, E., Treasure, J., & Raich, R.M. (2012) Qualitative findings in a long-term disordered eating prevention programme follow-up with school-going girls. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(4), 587-598. DOI: 10.1177/1359105312437433
- September 11, 2013
- 10:58 AM
- 841 views
Emotion Fluctuations in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: A Rollercoaster or Not So Much?
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Restricting, bingeing, and purging are powerful ways to regulate emotional states. However, these behaviours probably play different roles in emotional regulation. Whereas restriction is hypothesized to pre-empt the onset of highly emotional states, bingeing and purging is thought to act as a coping mechanism to deal with overwhelming emotional states once they’ve already been activated.
If this is true, we would expect to see more variability (or fluctuation) in the intensity and ........ Read more »
Vansteelandt K, Probst M, & Pieters G. (2013) Assessing affective variability in eating disorders: Affect spins less in anorexia nervosa of the restrictive type. Eating Behaviors, 14(3), 263-8. PMID: 23910763
- September 9, 2013
- 08:11 AM
- 736 views
Bulimia Nervosa, ADHD and Inattention
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Mental health clinicians struggle with understanding complex presentations when more than one psychiatric diagnosis is present.Typically, the greater the number of diagnoses, the more challenging is both diagnosis and treatment.I have previously published a study of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis in a series of subjects with a variety of eating disorders. This study found inattention as a common symptom in adults with eating disorders.However, when examining the origin of inattention, few ano........ Read more »
Seitz J, Kahraman-Lanzerath B, Legenbauer T, Sarrar L, Herpertz S, Salbach-Andrae H, Konrad K, & Herpertz-Dahlmann B. (2013) The role of impulsivity, inattention and comorbid ADHD in patients with bulimia nervosa. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23700439
Yates WR, Lund BC, Johnson C, Mitchell J, & McKee P. (2009) Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms and disorder in eating disorder inpatients. The International journal of eating disorders, 42(4), 375-8. PMID: 19040267
- September 8, 2013
- 03:47 AM
- 796 views
Update on Ketamine in Palliative Care Settings
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Many recent headlines have heralded a new use for the old veterinary anesthetic ketamine, which can provide rapid-onset (albeit short-lived) relief for some patients with treatment-resistant depression (aan het Rot et al., 2012). This finding has been inflated into “arguably the most important discovery in half a century” by Duman and Aghajanian (2012). While finding a cure for refractory depression is undoubtedly an important research priority, might ketamine be useful for other conditions ........ Read more »
Hardy J, Quinn S, Fazekas B, Plummer J, Eckermann S, Agar M, Spruyt O, Rowett D, & Currow DC. (2012) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and toxicity of subcutaneous ketamine in the management of cancer pain. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 30(29), 3611-7. PMID: 22965960
Irwin SA, Iglewicz A, Nelesen RA, Lo JY, Carr CH, Romero SD, & Lloyd LS. (2013) Daily Oral Ketamine for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Patients Receiving Hospice Care: A 28-Day Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Trial. Journal of palliative medicine, 16(8), 958-65. PMID: 23805864
- September 5, 2013
- 01:59 PM
- 456 views
New Method Finds Depression Equally Common in Men and Women
by Shawn Radcliffe in Shawn Radcliffe | Health and Science Writer
By combining traditional and alternative symptoms of depression, a new study found that roughly one-third of men and women show symptoms of depression.... Read more »
Martin LA, Neighbors HW, & Griffith DM. (2013) The Experience of Symptoms of Depression in Men vs Women: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. JAMA Psychiatry. PMID: 23986338
- September 5, 2013
- 12:14 PM
- 647 views
The Epidemiology of Eating Disorders
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Incidence and prevalence rates are two key measures in epidemiology. Incidence refers to the number of new cases over a period of time. Prevalence refers to the total number of cases in a given period of time (incidence rates plus number of previous cases).One method of examining trends in medical disorders is to look at records from physicians offices. The United Kingdom designed and uses a database known as the General Practice Research Database. This database is a powe........ Read more »
Micali N, Hagberg KW, Petersen I, & Treasure JL. (2013) The incidence of eating disorders in the UK in 2000-2009: findings from the General Practice Research Database. BMJ open, 3(5). PMID: 23793681
- September 4, 2013
- 12:10 AM
- 1,046 views
The Benefits of Starving – Part II (Restricting Reduces Anxiety in Anorexia Nervosa)
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
What is different about anorexia nervosa sufferers that, in contrast to most dieters, enables them to maintain a persistent calorie deficit? Although no one can truthfully claim they know the full answer to that question, we do know that part of the answer most likely lies with serotonin (5-HT), a molecule that neurons use to communicate with each other.
I’ve written about serotonin in the context of anorexia nervosa before, so I’ll just do a brief summary of the impor........ Read more »
Kaye WH, Barbarich NC, Putnam K, Gendall KA, Fernstrom J, Fernstrom M, McConaha CW, & Kishore A. (2003) Anxiolytic effects of acute tryptophan depletion in anorexia nervosa. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(3), 257. PMID: 12655621
- September 3, 2013
- 10:30 AM
- 706 views
Moderate Alcohol Consumption May Reduce Incident Depression
by Guillaume Cote-Maurais in United Academics
Most cultures include alcoholic beverages as part of their usual diet. Alcohol intake is different over world regions regarding the habitual type of beverage and the frequency and average intake. In general terms, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is increasing worldwide. Unipolar depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the world and it is increasing steadily.... Read more »
Gea A, Beunza JJ, Estruch R, Sánchez-Villegas A, Salas-Salvadó J, Buil-Cosiales P, Gómez-Gracia E, Covas MI, Corella D, Fiol M.... (2013) Alcohol intake, wine consumption and the development of depression: the PREDIMED study. BMC medicine, 11(1), 192. PMID: 23988010
- August 27, 2013
- 11:29 AM
- 895 views
Brain Connectivity Patterns in Depression and Schizophrenia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The validity of psychiatric diagnostic classification is limited by lack of biological markers.One method of establishing validity of specific disorders is discriminant validity. Discriminant validity is supported when two disorders felt to be distinct have different patterns on a biological test.Depression and schizophrenia represent two key psychiatric categories. The discriminant validity of these two diagnoses are supported by distinct symptom patterns, distinct response to psychopharm........ Read more »
Yu Y, Shen H, Zeng LL, Ma Q, & Hu D. (2013) Convergent and divergent functional connectivity patterns in schizophrenia and depression. PloS one, 8(7). PMID: 23844175
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