All posts; Tags Include "Psychiatry"
- June 1, 2014
- 07:59 AM
- 956 views
Feeling Mighty Unreal: Derealization in Kleine-Levin Syndrome
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
I went on this trip once, back to my hometown after a long absence. Have you ever felt that your surroundings seem odd and distant, and that you're completely detached from them? That the things and places around you aren't real? This can happen to me, on occasion.It did on this trip, perhaps because I've dreamed about those places so many times that the real places and the dream places are blurred in memory.Of course time marches on. The stores in the strip mall have changed, and you go to Star........ Read more »
Arnulf, I., Rico, T., & Mignot, E. (2012) Diagnosis, disease course, and management of patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome. The Lancet Neurology, 11(10), 918-928. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70187-4
Kas, A., Lavault, S., Habert, M., & Arnulf, I. (2014) Feeling unreal: a functional imaging study in patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome. Brain. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu112
- May 30, 2014
- 05:40 PM
- 1,095 views
Should Doctors ‘Google’ Their Patients?
by Jalees Rehman in Fragments of Truth
Beware of what you share. Employers now routinely utilize internet search engines or social network searches to obtain information about job applicants. A survey of 2,184 hiring managers and human resource professionals conducted by the online employment website CareerBuilder.com revealed that 39% use social networking sites to research job candidates. Of the group who used social networks to evaluate job applicants, 43% found content on a social networking site that caused them to not hire a ca........ Read more »
Volpe R, Blackall G, & Green M. (2013) Case study. Googling a patient. Commentary. The Hastings Center report, 43(5), 14-5. PMID: 24092585
DiLillo, D., & Gale, E. (2011) To Google or not to Google: Graduate students' use of the Internet to access personal information about clients. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 5(3), 160-166. DOI: 10.1037/a0024441
- May 28, 2014
- 11:32 AM
- 905 views
Physical Abnormalities in Adults with Autism Spectrum
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I reviewed a study of minor physical abnormalities in a group of children with autism.This study found that children with autism were more likely to show a variety of physical features including a gap between the large and second toe, facial asymmetry, a high arched palate and attached ear lobes.A more recent Swedish study has been published examining physical features of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).In this study, Irina Manouilenko and colleagues used a scale t........ Read more »
Manouilenko I, Eriksson JM, Humble MB, & Bejerot S. (2014) Minor physical anomalies in adults with autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls. Autism research and treatment, 743482. PMID: 24782925
- May 26, 2014
- 03:00 AM
- 822 views
Legal high problems – time to wake up
by DJMac in Recovery Review
Legal high problems Legal highs, or novel psychoactive substances (NPS), have been causing unusual presentations at A&E (Emergency Room) departments in European cities. Because these are relatively new drugs, doctors and other healthcare professionals are not always familiar with them. They are not easy to test for either, requiring specialist forensic laboratories in the main. [...]
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Hohmann N, Mikus G, & Czock D. (2014) Effects and risks associated with novel psychoactive substances: mislabeling and sale as bath salts, spice, and research chemicals. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 111(9), 139-47. PMID: 24661585
- May 24, 2014
- 04:49 PM
- 1,063 views
Gendering the Pro-Anorexia Paradox: Men in Pro-Ana Spaces
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
When someone says “pro-ana,” what comes to mind? Likely, given the strong reactions pro-anorexia websites provoke, you may be able to conjure up an image of what would take place in such a forum. Thoughts of “thinspiration,” emaciated and waif-like images, and starving tips likely spring to mind, alongside considerations of the dangers of a community that would encourage behaviors that can be very harmful to health.
I’d venture to say that it is unlikely that you have pictured a ........ Read more »
Wooldridge, T., Mok, C., & Chiu, S. (2014) Content analysis of male participation in pro-eating disorder web sites. Eating Disorders, 22(2), 97-110. PMID: 24359281
- May 21, 2014
- 05:26 PM
- 658 views
Recovery aggro – will we ever agree?
by DJMac in Recovery Review
What is recovery and how do you measure it? It’s contentious; that’s for sure. Recovery aggro is a reality. We could take off our coats and go outside to settle it or we can try to get some sort of consensus. Abstinence or maintenance If you align recovery solely with abstinence, you risk losing out on [...]
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Neale, J., Finch, E., Marsden, J., Mitcheson, L., Rose, D., Strang, J., Tompkins, C., Wheeler, C., & Wykes, T. (2014) How should we measure addiction recovery? Analysis of service provider perspectives using online Delphi groups. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy, 1-14. DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2014.918089
- May 13, 2014
- 03:59 PM
- 1,313 views
Gabapentin abuse
by DJMac in Recovery Review
Gabapentin can be addictive. Search for gabapentin abuse or pregabalin abuse on Google Scholar and you’ll turn up 18,000 entries in less than a second. Pubmed is a little more specific finding 249 papers related to the subject. Vaults of Erowid has over 100 gabapentin and pregabalin ‘experiences’ detailed by users. I wrote a while back [...]
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Smith, B., Higgins, C., Baldacchino, A., Kidd, B., & Bannister, J. (2012) Substance misuse of gabapentin. British Journal of General Practice, 62(601), 406-407. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp12X653516
Spence, D. (2013) Bad medicine: gabapentin and pregabalin. BMJ, 347(nov08 3). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f6747
- May 13, 2014
- 11:05 AM
- 639 views
Sleep Manipulation to Enhance Cognition
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In the next series of posts, I will focus on research related to learning, learning disabilities and education.Sleep is known to play a key role in consolidation of memories and and learning.However, there has been relatively little discussion of how the effect of sleep on learning might be enhanced.Susanne Diekelmann reviewed this issue in a recent manuscript published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience.In this review, two theories for sleep enhancement of memories are proposed:Ac........ Read more »
Diekelmann, S. (2014) Sleep for cognitive enhancement. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00046
- May 7, 2014
- 11:39 PM
- 2,211 views
Hypermetabolism in Anorexia Nervosa
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Weight restoration is a crucial component of anorexia nervosa treatment. It is a challenging process for a multitude of reasons. Adding to the complexity and the challenge is the fact that during weight restoration, individuals with anorexia nervosa tend to require increasingly more calories to maintain the same rate of weight gain.
That is, individuals need to continually increase their caloric intake, in steps, sometimes upwards of 100 calories (technically, kilocalories) per kilogram pe........ Read more »
Marzola E, Nasser JA, Hashim SA, Shih PA, & Kaye WH. (2013) Nutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa: review of the literature and implications for treatment. BMC Psychiatry, 290. PMID: 24200367
- May 7, 2014
- 11:01 AM
- 736 views
Sleep, Inflammation and Risk of Depression
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I had the opportunity to attend a presentation by Dr. Michael Irwin at the Warren Neuroscience Lecture Series in Tulsa, OK.Dr. Irwin has been a leader in research related to sleep disturbance, inflammation and depression risk. Here are my notes from the presentation and few related citations.Notes on Irwin PresentationDepression is important because it is prevalent, recurrent and often resistant to treatmentSleep disturbance is common as a symptom of depression, but also may be an independe........ Read more »
Slavich, G., & Irwin, M. (2014) From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 140(3), 774-815. DOI: 10.1037/a0035302
Lee E, Cho HJ, Olmstead R, Levin MJ, Oxman MN, & Irwin MR. (2013) Persistent sleep disturbance: a risk factor for recurrent depression in community-dwelling older adults. Sleep, 36(11), 1685-91. PMID: 24179302
Inagaki TK, Muscatell KA, Irwin MR, Cole SW, & Eisenberger NI. (2012) Inflammation selectively enhances amygdala activity to socially threatening images. NeuroImage, 59(4), 3222-6. PMID: 22079507
- May 4, 2014
- 07:02 PM
- 875 views
Pain management in drug addiction & recovery
by DJMac in Recovery Review
“Pain is inevitable; suffering is optional.” So starts a paper on managing chronic pain in patients with opioid dependence. It’s a dilemma, or is it really? It’s actually less of a dilemma because the evidence for opioids in chronic pain is pretty ropey in everybody, never mind in addicted populations. When you balance potential benefits up against the risks [...]
The post Pain management in drug addiction & recovery appeared first on Recovery Review.
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Liebschutz, J., Beers, D., & Lange, A. (2014) Managing Chronic Pain in Patients With Opioid Dependence. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 1(2), 204-223. DOI: 10.1007/s40501-014-0015-4
- April 30, 2014
- 09:20 PM
- 692 views
Political Bodies: What is the Impact of National or Regional-Level Eating Disorder Prevention?
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
When it comes to prevention, I’ve noticed a strong interest in working toward large-scale prevention initiatives. I’ve written about prevention before, noting the potential for unintended effects, as well as schoolgirls’ reactions to and acceptance of prevention interventions (here). But what about the larger scale efforts to prevent body image concerns and eating disorders?
Countries from the US to Australia to Israel have taken strides to implement initiatives aimed at improvi........ Read more »
Gauvin L, & Steiger H. (2012) Overcoming the unhealthy pursuit of thinness: reaction to the Québec Charter for a Healthy and Diverse Body Image. American journal of public health, 102(8), 1600-6. PMID: 22698056
- April 29, 2014
- 01:19 PM
- 658 views
The ten most important things known about addiction. Part 1
by DJMac in Recovery Review
Doug Sellman is a professor of psychiatry and addiction medicine in New Zealand. In 2010 in the journal Addiction, a world leader, he attempted the difficult task of distilling the ten things you need to know about addiction from the research of the last thirty years. No mean feat. Well, what are they? Ten things are way [...]
The post The ten most important things known about addiction. Part 1 appeared first on Recovery Review.
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Sellman, D. (2010) The 10 most important things known about addiction. Addiction, 105(1), 6-13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02673.x
- April 28, 2014
- 10:04 AM
- 831 views
Religion As A Suicide Protective Factor: Part I
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Risk factors for suicide include male gender, older age, previous suicide attempts and presence of a mental disorder.Factors that reduce risk of suicide or provide a protective effect are less well understood.Two recent studies suggest religious belief and church attendance are linked to reduced risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.Nicole Cushing and colleagues conducted a study of older adults suffering from depression.In this study, a series of subjects over 59 receiving outpatient o........ Read more »
Rushing NC, Corsentino E, Hames JL, Sachs-Ericsson N, & Steffens DC. (2013) The relationship of religious involvement indicators and social support to current and past suicidality among depressed older adults. Aging , 17(3), 366-74. PMID: 23121118
- April 22, 2014
- 02:56 PM
- 937 views
Polar Opposites? The Social Construction of Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
Some might argue that bulimia nervosa is more “hidden” than anorexia nervosa — it is not always obvious that someone is suffering from bulimia (though, I would argue, it is not always obvious that someone is suffering from any eating disorder). Even when it is “discovered,” BN is often placed in opposition with AN — as if the two were polar opposites.
Indeed, attempts to define a phenotype (a set of observable traits or characteristics) for AN and BN tend to oppose the ........ Read more »
Burns, M. (2004) Eating Like an Ox: Femininity and Dualistic Constructions of Bulimia and Anorexia. Feminism , 14(2), 269-295. DOI: 10.1177/0959-353504042182
- April 22, 2014
- 10:21 AM
- 964 views
Religious Belief Linked to Brain Cortex Thickness
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I reviewed a longitudinal study of religious belief and major depression.This study by Lisa Miller and colleagues found a reduced risk of depression in subjects who rated religious belief or spirituality as an important factor in their lives.Reduction in depression risk with religiosity/spirituality was largest (90% smaller risk) in those with a family history of depression.This correlation may not be causal and may be explained by some common third factor between religion an........ Read more »
Miller L, Bansal R, Wickramaratne P, Hao X, Tenke CE, Weissman MM, & Peterson BS. (2014) Neuroanatomical correlates of religiosity and spirituality: a study in adults at high and low familial risk for depression. JAMA psychiatry, 71(2), 128-35. PMID: 24369341
- April 19, 2014
- 12:46 AM
- 1,407 views
Energy Expenditure (Calories Burned) in Anorexia Nervosa Patients
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
How many calories do patients with anorexia nervosa need to eat to gain a kilo (2.2 lbs)? It seems like a simple question and one that we should have figured out a long time ago, given the importance (err, necessity) of refeeding and weight restoration in recovery from anorexia nervosa.
Unfortunately, research in this area has often led to contradictory results (see Salisbury et al., 1995 and de Zwaan et al., 2002 for reviews). Fortunately, a paper by Stephan Zipfel and colleagues (2013,........ Read more »
Zipfel S, Mack I, Baur LA, Hebebrand J, Touyz S, Herzog W, Abraham S, Davies PS, & Russell J. (2013) Impact of exercise on energy metabolism in anorexia nervosa. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1(1), 37. PMID: 24499685
- April 15, 2014
- 11:43 AM
- 795 views
Religious Belief and Depression Resilience
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Identifying risk factors for brain disorders is a key element in clinical research.Understanding protective or resilience factors for brain disorders is also important and receiving increased attention in clinical research.Factors that promote resilience to brain disorders may come from a variety of domains. Religious belief is one domain receiving attention as a potential resilience factor.Miller and colleagues recently published a longitudinal study of religious belief and risk for major ........ Read more »
Miller L, Wickramaratne P, Gameroff MJ, Sage M, Tenke CE, & Weissman MM. (2012) Religiosity and major depression in adults at high risk: a ten-year prospective study. The American journal of psychiatry, 169(1), 89-94. PMID: 21865527
- April 14, 2014
- 10:51 PM
- 760 views
Disordered Eating and Athletic Performance: Where’s the Line?
by Emma in Science of Eating Disorders
If a person severely restricts his diet and exercises for hours each day, he has an eating disorder. If another does exactly the same but it is because she wants to make the lightweight rowing team (which has an upper weight limit), she’s a committed athlete. When the two overlap, and an athlete presents with eating disorder symptoms, how do we distinguish between the demands of the sport and the illness?
I’ve been interested in the distinctions we make between disordered and n........ Read more »
Werner, A., Thiel, A., Schneider, S., Mayer, J., Giel, K., & Zipfel, S. (2013) Weight-control behaviour and weight-concerns in young elite athletes – a systematic review. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1(1), 18. DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-18
Martinsen, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Eriksson, A., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2009) Dieting to win or to be thin? A study of dieting and disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and non-athlete controls. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(1), 70-76. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.068668
Rouveix M, Bouget M, Pannafieux C, Champely S, & Filaire E. (2007) Eating attitudes, body esteem, perfectionism and anxiety of judo athletes and nonathletes. International journal of sports medicine, 28(4), 340-5. PMID: 17024652
Ferrand C, Magnan C, & Philippe RA. (2005) Body-esteem, body mass index, and risk for disordered eating among adolescents in synchronized swimming. Perceptual and motor skills, 101(3), 877-84. PMID: 16491692
- March 27, 2014
- 10:59 AM
- 728 views
The Slippery Question of Control in OCD
by Rebecca Schwarzlose in Garden of the Mind
OCD is something of a paradox when it comes to the concept of control. The illness has two characteristic features: obsessions based on fears or regrets that occupy a sufferer’s thoughts and make him or her anxious, and compulsions, or repetitive and unnecessary actions that may or may not relieve the anxiety. For decades, psychiatrists and psychologists have theorized that control lies at the heart of this cycle. . . ... Read more »
Gillan CM, Morein-Zamir S, Durieux AM, Fineberg NA, Sahakian BJ, & Robbins TW. (2014) Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients have a reduced sense of control on the illusion of control task. Frontiers in Psychology, 204. PMID: 24659974
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