All posts; Tags Include "Psychiatry"
- May 5, 2015
- 11:12 AM
- 273 views
Bad Boy. Bad Boy. Is It Conduct Disorder?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Defining the line between normal childhood behavior and more serious problems like conduct disorder (CD) is important.Conduct disorder is linked to a significant risk for a lifelong problem with aggression. Identifying CD early in life provides the hope that early intervention might reduce the later consequences of the disorder.The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has an excellent online resource center to understand conduct disorder. They note the condition is characteri........ Read more »
Lahey BB, & Waldman ID. (2012) Annual research review: phenotypic and causal structure of conduct disorder in the broader context of prevalent forms of psychopathology. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 53(5), 536-57. PMID: 22211395
- April 30, 2015
- 10:35 AM
- 304 views
Bupropion: A Non-stimulant ADHD Drug Treatment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Stimulant drugs including dextroamphetamine (Adderall) and methylphenidate (Ritalin) remain among the most common and effective drug treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Alternative to stimulant drugs are needed to expand treatment options for clinicians and patients.One problem with the stimulants is the potential for misuse and diversion of prescription drugs to illicit drug use.One non-stimulant FDA approved drug (atomoxetine/Strattera) is available in the U.S.An add........ Read more »
Hamedi M, Mohammdi M, Ghaleiha A, Keshavarzi Z, Jafarnia M, Keramatfar R, Alikhani R, Ehyaii A, & Akhondzadeh S. (2014) Bupropion in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a randomized, double-blind study. Acta medica Iranica, 52(9), 675-80. PMID: 25325205
Stuhec M, Munda B, Svab V, & Locatelli I. (2015) Comparative efficacy and acceptability of atomoxetine, lisdexamfetamine, bupropion and methylphenidate in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis with focus on bupropion. Journal of affective disorders, 149-159. PMID: 25813457
- April 27, 2015
- 10:50 AM
- 250 views
ADHD and Vehicular Accident Risk
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Attention and impulsive behaviors found in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can contribute to accident risk in children and adults.A recent study of adult drivers in France provides evidence for increased accident risk in adults with ADHD.Researchers at the Bordeaux University Hospital interviewed a series of adult drivers seen in the emergency department following a road traffic crash.A total of 777 eligible subjects completed assessments of accident information, distraction expo........ Read more »
El Farouki K, Lagarde E, Orriols L, Bouvard MP, Contrand B, & Galéra C. (2014) The increased risk of road crashes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adult drivers: driven by distraction? Results from a responsibility case-control study. PloS one, 9(12). PMID: 25536069
- April 22, 2015
- 12:13 PM
- 307 views
Brain EEG and the Genetics of ADHD
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Twin studies in ADHD demonstrate a significant genetic contribution to the disorder.Linking this genetic influence to specific biomarkers may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ADHD.Grainne McLoughlin and colleagues at the University of California San Diego and King's College London recently published a twin study of brain EEG and the genetics of ADHD.In their study 67 twin pairs (34 monozygotic and 33 dizygotic) between the ages of 12 and 15 years completed tasks measuring........ Read more »
McLoughlin G, Palmer JA, Rijsdijk F, & Makeig S. (2014) Genetic overlap between evoked frontocentral theta-band phase variability, reaction time variability, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a twin study. Biological psychiatry, 75(3), 238-47. PMID: 24001472
- April 22, 2015
- 08:30 AM
- 351 views
Does Animal-Assisted Therapy Help Adolescents with Psychiatric Problems?
by CAPB in Companion Animal Psychology Blog
A new study finds that a dog might be just what the doctor ordered.Can animal-assisted therapy can help adolescents who are in hospital because of an acute psychiatric crisis? A new randomized controlled trial investigates. The study, conducted by M.C. Stefanini et al (University of Florence) randomly allocated patients to either an animal-assisted therapy intervention or no intervention. Both groups continued to receive psychiatric treatment as usual, and those treating them did not know w........ Read more »
Kamioka, H., Okada, S., Tsutani, K., Park, H., Okuizumi, H., Handa, S., Oshio, T., Park, S., Kitayuguchi, J., Abe, T.... (2014) Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22(2), 371-390. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.016
Stefanini, M., Martino, A., Allori, P., Galeotti, F., & Tani, F. (2015) The use of Animal-Assisted Therapy in adolescents with acute mental disorders: A randomized controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21(1), 42-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.01.001
- April 20, 2015
- 11:32 AM
- 276 views
ADHD and Autism Overlap: Adult Twin Study
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Clinical studies show high rates of ADHD in adults with autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These studies have estimated the prevalence of ADHD in adults with ASD at between 28 and 44% of individuals. The prevalence of ADHD in the adult general population without ASD is estimated at 2.5%.Given the overlap between these two developmental disorders, it makes sense to examine genetic factors that might contribute to co-occurrence.TJC Polderman along with colleagues from the Netherlands, ........ Read more »
Polderman TJ, Hoekstra RA, Posthuma D, & Larsson H. (2014) The co-occurrence of autistic and ADHD dimensions in adults: an etiological study in 17,770 twins. Translational psychiatry. PMID: 25180574
- April 16, 2015
- 10:32 AM
- 294 views
What is Neurofeedback Training for ADHD?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There are a variety of behavioral strategies for treating the attention and activity components of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).One of these strategies is known as neurofeedback. A recent study in the journal Pediatrics found evidence for effectiveness of in-school neurofeedback for ADHD in a randomized controlled trial.In this trial, 104 children between the ages of 7 and 11 years of age were randomized to one of three research arms: in-school neurofeedback, cognitive th........ Read more »
Steiner NJ, Frenette EC, Rene KM, Brennan RT, & Perrin EC. (2014) In-school neurofeedback training for ADHD: sustained improvements from a randomized control trial. Pediatrics, 133(3), 483-92. PMID: 24534402
- April 13, 2015
- 10:22 AM
- 277 views
Treating Insomnia in Children with ADHD
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Insomnia commonly complicates the clinical presentation and treatment in children with ADHD.Stimulant therapy may provide significant relief for daytime attention and hyperactivity symptoms. However, stimulants do not appear to help with comorbid insomnia. In fact, stimulant therapy may cause more problems with insomnia in ADHD.Behavioral treatments are known to be effective in children without ADHD. Now we have a recently published study showing the effectiveness of behavioral treatment of inso........ Read more »
Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Mensah F, Gerner B, Efron D, Khano S, & Oberklaid F. (2015) Impact of a behavioural sleep intervention on symptoms and sleep in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and parental mental health: randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). PMID: 25646809
- April 8, 2015
- 11:16 AM
- 278 views
Adult ADHD and Brain White Matter Deficits
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In my last post I reviewed a recent diffusion tensor imaging study of ADHD in children. This study found evidence for brain white matter deficits in several ciruitry regions including frontal, temporal and occipital areas.To follow up on this post, I want to highlight a recent study of DTI in adults with ADHD.This study from Brazil recruited 22 drug treatment-naive subjects between the ages of 18 and 50 years of age.This study excluded subjects with a history of substance dependence or other med........ Read more »
Chaim TM, Zhang T, Zanetti MV, da Silva MA, Louzã MR, Doshi J, Serpa MH, Duran FL, Caetano SC, Davatzikos C.... (2014) Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study of treatment-naïve adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PloS one, 9(10). PMID: 25310815
- April 7, 2015
- 11:57 AM
- 260 views
ADHD and Brain White Matter Deficits
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Structural brain imaging studies in ADHD fail to find consistent differences from non-ADHD populations.However, there is increasing evidence linking ADHD to changes in brain white matter function.An example of these findings is a recent study from China examining white matter in children with ADHD.ADHD is typically subgrouped into inattention (ADHD-I), hyperactivity ADHD-H or combined categories (ADHD-C). In the recent Chinese study, inattention and combined subgroups of children were compa........ Read more »
Lei D, Ma J, Du X, Shen G, Jin X, & Gong Q. (2014) Microstructural abnormalities in the combined and inattentive subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Scientific reports, 6875. PMID: 25363043
- March 26, 2015
- 11:17 AM
- 246 views
Parenting Moderates Childhood Brain Stress Response
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Child brain development benefits from a positive parenting style and environment.The mechanism for this positive effect is unclear but moderation of the stress response in the growing child is an area of research interest.Haroon Sheikh and colleagues from the University of Ontario in Canada recently published results on a study of parenting and brain development in children.In their study, a cohort of 46 six year old girls underwent brain imaging using a technique known as diffusion tensor imagi........ Read more »
Sheikh HI, Joanisse MF, Mackrell SM, Kryski KR, Smith HJ, Singh SM, & Hayden EP. (2014) Links between white matter microstructure and cortisol reactivity to stress in early childhood: evidence for moderation by parenting. NeuroImage. Clinical, 77-85. PMID: 25379418
- March 16, 2015
- 05:47 AM
- 276 views
Update on the BROADEN Trial of DBS for Treatment-Resistant Depression
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Website for the BROADEN™ study, which was terminatedIn these days of irrational exuberance about neural circuit models, it's wise to remember the limitations of current deep brain stimulation (DBS) methods to treat psychiatric disorders. If you recall (from late 2013), Neurotech Business Report revealed that "St. Jude Medical failed a futility analysis of its BROADEN trial of DBS for treatment of depression..."A recent comment on my old post about the BROADEN Trial1 had an even more pessimist........ Read more »
Morishita, T., Fayad, S., Higuchi, M., Nestor, K., & Foote, K. (2014) Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-resistant Depression: Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes. Neurotherapeutics, 11(3), 475-484. DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0282-1
- February 21, 2015
- 05:33 PM
- 221 views
Of Binge Eating, Age, and Distress: Child-Adolescent vs. Adult-Onset Binge Eating
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
Brewerton, Rance, Dansky, O’Neil & Kilpatrick (2014) conducted a study about BED in which they used a (US) nationally representative sample to compare child/adolescent and adult onset BED in women. In this post, I’ll highlight the authors’ findings and what they mean for our increasing understanding of BED and how to support those experiencing BED.... Read more »
Brewerton TD, Rance SJ, Dansky BS, O'Neil PM, & Kilpatrick DG. (2014) A comparison of women with child-adolescent versus adult onset binge eating: results from the National Women's Study. The International journal of eating disorders, 47(7), 836-43. PMID: 24904009
- February 20, 2015
- 02:48 AM
- 336 views
One Brain Network for All Mental Illness
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
What do schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, addiction, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anxiety have in common? A loss of gray matter in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and bilateral anterior insula, according to a recent review of the structural neuroimaging literature (Goodkind et al., 2015). These two brain regions are important for executive functions, the top-down cognitive processes that allow us to maintain goals and flexibly alter our behavior in response to ........ Read more »
Goodkind, M., Eickhoff, S., Oathes, D., Jiang, Y., Chang, A., Jones-Hagata, L., Ortega, B., Zaiko, Y., Roach, E., Korgaonkar, M.... (2015) Identification of a Common Neurobiological Substrate for Mental Illness. JAMA Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206
Kanai, R., & Rees, G. (2011) The structural basis of inter-individual differences in human behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(4), 231-242. DOI: 10.1038/nrn3000
- February 4, 2015
- 02:51 AM
- 254 views
Beyond Thinness: Men, Muscularity and Eating Disorders
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Eating disorder research tends to focus on girls and women. Which makes sense: eating disorders disproportionately affect women. However, it isn’t just the research on eating disorders that focuses on women: it’s the entire history of eating disorders as a diagnosis. The first descriptions of anorexia nervosa by William Gull and bulimia nervosa by Gerald Russell were both based primarily on observations of female patients (although Russell did include two men). Therefore, it’s ........ Read more »
Murray, S., Rieger, E., Karlov, L., & Touyz, S. (2013) An Investigation of the Transdiagnostic Model of Eating Disorders in the Context of Muscle Dysmorphia. European Eating Disorders Review, 21(2), 160-164. DOI: 10.1002/erv.2194
- January 31, 2015
- 10:48 AM
- 289 views
Whose Culture is it Anyway? Disentangling Culture and Eating Disorders - Part 5
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
We’ve begun to scratch the surface of the vast and growing literature on cultural context and eating disorders in the previous 4 posts in this series. Of course, as I reflected the other day, there could (maybe should?) be a blog solely devoted to this topic- each time I read another study in this area, it pulls me down the rabbit hole into another related area.... Read more »
Bennett D, Sharpe M, Freeman C, & Carson A. (2004) Anorexia nervosa among female secondary school students in Ghana. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 312-7. PMID: 15458991
- January 28, 2015
- 09:30 AM
- 244 views
Whose Culture is it Anyway? Disentangling Culture and Eating Disorders - Part 4
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
The more I write about culture and eating disorders, the more I want to know. I keep finding more articles to add to the mix; I know I’m far from the first to be interested in how culture and eating disorders intersect, and for that matter, what counts as “culture.” Still, this has been a fascinating exploration so far! In case you're curious, this is to be the second last post in the series for now at least. There will be one more after this, about eating disorders in Gha........ Read more »
Le Grange D, Louw J, Breen A, & Katzman MA. (2004) The meaning of 'self-starvation' in impoverished black adolescents in South Africa. Culture, medicine and psychiatry, 28(4), 439-61. PMID: 15847050
- January 25, 2015
- 09:13 AM
- 270 views
Whose Culture is it Anyway? Disentangling Culture and Eating Disorders - Part 3
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
The articles I’ve looked at so far in this series (Becker, in part 1, and Keel and Klump in part 2) give us some insight into the idea that the link between “Western” societies and eating disorders is more complex than a simple matter of media exposure. But, having read these studies, I was still left a bit wanting in terms of unpacking that black box of “culture” that gets tossed around in scholarly and popular literature. What, exactly, are we talking about when w........ Read more »
Lester RJ. (2007) Critical therapeutics: cultural politics and clinical reality in two eating disorder treatment centers. Medical anthropology quarterly, 21(4), 369-87. PMID: 18074903
- January 18, 2015
- 02:16 PM
- 255 views
Whose Culture is it Anyway? Disentangling Culture and Eating Disorders - Part 1
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
Often, in writing about eating disorders, you will come across references to how some consider these disorders to be “culture bound.” If you start to unpack what researchers and clinicians are referring to, you might come to the conclusion that “culture bound” means specific to one particular culture or society, for example, modern Western society.... Read more »
Becker, A. (2004) Television, Disordered Eating, and Young Women in Fiji: Negotiating Body Image and Identity during Rapid Social Change. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 28(4), 533-559. DOI: 10.1007/s11013-004-1067-5
- January 14, 2015
- 10:51 AM
- 334 views
Obesity, Inflammation and the Brain
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain inflammation produces a variety of emotional, behavior and cognitive symptoms.I remember clearly a patient I cared for with central nervous system lupus erythrematosis (SLE). With SLE flairs she developed flagrant psychotic symptoms including hallucinations requiring inpatient psychiatric care.Between flares she had no significant psychiatric symptoms.Nicole Castanon and two colleagues from France have published a review of the role of obesity-associated inflammation and brain dysfunction......... Read more »
Castanon N, Lasselin J, & Capuron L. (2014) Neuropsychiatric comorbidity in obesity: role of inflammatory processes. Frontiers in endocrinology, 74. PMID: 24860551
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