All posts; Tags Include "Psychiatry"
- February 12, 2013
- 02:48 PM
- 238 views
Depressed Patients Seek Primary Care Due to Pain
by Kim Kristiansen in Picture of Pain
More than half of patients with depression in primary care comes due to pain... Read more »
Kim Kristiansen, M.D. (2013) Depressed Patients Seek Primary Care Due to Pain. Picture of Pain Blog. info:/
- February 10, 2013
- 02:07 AM
- 344 views
Bingeing and Purging Marathons: Repeated Binge/Purge Cycles in Bulimia Nervosa
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
I used to call them bingeing and purging marathons. If I binged and purged in the morning, chances were, I’d binge and purge throughout the day. The next time I’d eat, I was likely to end up–whether I wanted to or not–bingeing and purging. Not all individuals with bulimia nervosa binge and purge every day (or purge everything they eat, for that matter), but many do, and some binge and purge multiple times a day. In recovery, many people start by trying not to binge and purge before a c........ Read more »
Johnson, W., Jarrell, M., Chupurdia, K., & Williamson, D. (2010) Repeated binge/purge cycles in bulimia nervosa: Role of glucose and insulin. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15(4), 331-341. DOI: 10.1002/eat.2260150404
- February 7, 2013
- 11:59 PM
- 366 views
Medical Complications of Purging in Bulimia Nervosa
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are mental disorders with physical complications. Sometimes lots of them. I’ve blogged before about medical complications that are likely to come up in an emergency room setting, but that was a while ago. So I thought that today I’ll focus specifically on medical complications that occur in bulimia nervosa as a result of purging (self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and diuretic abuse).
These complications are particularly important because (1) patients with ........ Read more »
Mehler, P. (2010) Medical complications of bulimia nervosa and their treatments. International Journal of Eating Disorders. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20825
- February 6, 2013
- 11:49 AM
- 383 views
Interferon-induced Depression: Genetics
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Photo of a pair of green wing tealInterferon remains a key first line treatment for treatment of hepatitis C. However, interferon has significant neuropsychiatric effects including risk for depression and even suicide in rare individuals.Some individuals with hepatitis C are unable to complete a course of interferon because of induced depression. This makes understanding this phenomenon important to develop prevention and treatment strategies.Understanding how interferon induces depr........ Read more »
Schlaak JF, Trippler M, Hoyo-Becerra C, Erim Y, Kis B, Wang B, Scherbaum N, & Gerken G. (2012) Selective hyper-responsiveness of the interferon system in major depressive disorders and depression induced by interferon therapy. PloS one, 7(6). PMID: 22701688
- February 4, 2013
- 11:56 PM
- 346 views
Is Anorexia Nervosa An Anxiety Disorder?
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common among patients with eating disorders. In one study of female inpatients, around 50-65% had a comorbid anxiety disorder (see my post here). Anxiety disorders in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) typically begin before the eating disorder and often persist after weight restoration and recovery (Bulik et al., 1997; Casper, 1990). Moreover, previous twin studies have suggested that there’s a “correlation between eating disorders and certain anxiety an........ Read more »
Strober, M., Freeman, R., Lampert, C., & Diamond, J. (2007) The association of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive personality disorder with anorexia nervosa: Evidence from a family study with discussion of nosological and neurodevelopmental implications. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(S3). DOI: 10.1002/eat.20429
- February 4, 2013
- 11:58 AM
- 223 views
Oxytocin and Grandparent Attachment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I a previous post I summarized a review of the emerging research field of oxytocin and human attachment.This research supports a key role for oxytocin in reproduction and parental infant bonding. The above mentioned review emphasized the important role of gender, genetic and early environment in the effect individual human variation in oxytocin response.One additionally related important research topic relates to the effect of ageing on oxytocin-related systems. Huffmeijer and colle........ Read more »
Huffmeijer R, van Ijzendoorn MH, & Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. (2013) Ageing and oxytocin: a call for extending human oxytocin research to ageing populations - a mini-review. Gerontology, 59(1), 32-9. PMID: 22922544
- February 2, 2013
- 11:11 PM
- 253 views
Over-Exercise is Associated With Suicidality in Individuals with Disordered Eating
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
Last week, I blogged about a study that examined personality traits and clinical variables associated with excessive exercise in eating disorder patients. In that study, 2 out of 5 participants engaged in excessive exercise Today, I’m going to discuss a study that suggests over-exercise in disordered eating patients is associated with suicide behaviour.
Suicide rates in eating disorder patients are high. One meta-analysis suggested that out of all eating disorder related deaths, 1 in ........ Read more »
Smith, A., Fink, E., Anestis, M., Ribeiro, J., Gordon, K., Davis, H., Keel, P., Bardone-Cone, A., Peterson, C., Klein, M.... (2012) Exercise caution: Over-exercise is associated with suicidality among individuals with disordered eating. Psychiatry Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.004
- February 1, 2013
- 11:44 AM
- 274 views
Oxytocin and Human Attachment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I summarized a recent review on the neuroscience of human attachment. This review highlighted research related to the human bonding and social interactions. Attachment ability shows significant variability in humans with insecure attachment styles contributing to risk for some mental disorders. The neuroanatomical framework for social processing is being investigated with brain imaging techniques.Hormonal factors including the role of oxytoc........ Read more »
Macdonald KS. (2012) Sex, receptors, and attachment: a review of individual factors influencing response to oxytocin. Frontiers in neuroscience, 194. PMID: 23335876
- January 31, 2013
- 12:47 PM
- 238 views
Neuroscience of Human Attachment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Attachment is the ability to form human relationship bonds. Individuals vary in their ability to develop social relationships. The ability to form secure human relationships plays a key role in successful personal and occupational development.Attachment theory evolved over 50 years ago. This theory proposes all humans have an innate biological mechanism that supports social engagement. This engagement is necessary during infancy to encourage nurturance and provision of a ........ Read more »
Vrtička, P., & Vuilleumier, P. (2012) Neuroscience of human social interactions and adult attachment style. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00212
- January 30, 2013
- 01:45 AM
- 205 views
What Really Goes On Inside Pro-Ana Communities? (Maybe They Are Not So Bad After All)
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
Ambivalence is a great word to describe how many eating disorder patients feel about recovery. Many people that follow my Science of Eating Disorders tumblr run thinspo blogs. But, they follow me, and many probably follow fyoured, which offers pro-recovery advice. Many people might want to recover someday, but they feel they can’t let go of the behaviours now. They are not denying their illness, or that recovery will happen, or that it really IS a disorder, but, right now, recove........ Read more »
Brotsky SR, & Giles D. (2007) Inside the "pro-ana" community: a covert online participant observation. Eating disorders, 15(2), 93-109. PMID: 17454069
- January 26, 2013
- 11:35 PM
- 275 views
Excessive Exercise in Eating Disorders
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
Excessive exercise (EE) is common among eating disorder patients. Indeed, in the study I’ll write about today, 39% of patients engaged in EE. Previous studies have tried to find psychopathological and personality correlates of EE but the results have been inconsistent. Some studies have suggested that impulsivity and addictiveness are highly correlated with EE whereas others found that anxious and depressive traits were more closely associated.
In this multi-site study, Shro........ Read more »
Shroff, H., Reba, L., Thornton, L., Tozzi, F., Klump, K., Berrettini, W., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Crow, S., Fichter, M.... (2006) Features associated with excessive exercise in women with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(6), 454-461. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20247
- January 25, 2013
- 11:58 PM
- 241 views
Characteristics of Women with Midlife-Onset Eating Disorders
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
Since the late 1990′s, Remuda Ranch Program for Eating Disorders has experienced a 400% increase in patients 40 years of age and older, according to the authors of this paper. However, we don’t really know what the similarities and differences are between women who develop eating disorders in adolescence and those who develop their eating disorders in midlife (40-65 years-of-age).
In this paper, Edward Cumella and Zina Kally present a summary of 50 women who first developed eating di........ Read more »
Cumella, E., & Kally, Z. (2008) Profile of 50 Women with Midlife-Onset Eating Disorders. Eating Disorders, 16(3), 193-203. DOI: 10.1080/10640260802016670
- January 23, 2013
- 10:17 PM
- 231 views
Pregnancy, Motherhood, and Eating Disorders: Women’s Experiences
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
There is a common misconception that eating disorders somehow disappear during pregnancy; that becoming a mother stops all those silly worries about being slim and attractive. This is not necessarily the case, but unfortunately, there is a lot of stigma associated with talking about disordered eating behaviours during pregnancy. Openly admitting it is an invitation, it seems, to being called selfish and vain. The implication is that eating disorders are something only young girls struggle with, ........ Read more »
Tierney, S., Fox, J., Butterfield, C., Stringer, E., & Furber, C. (2011) Treading the tightrope between motherhood and an eating disorder: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(10), 1223-1233. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.11.007
- January 20, 2013
- 04:15 AM
- 333 views
Possession Trance Disorder in DSM-5
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
American Horror Story: Asylum takes place in 1964 at Briarcliff Manor, a terrifying mental institution for the criminally insane. The show uses every over-the-top stereotype in the book — straightjackets, isolation cells, shock treatment, the chronic masturbator, the nymphomaniac, the sadistic nun, the evil mad doctor, unethical experimentation, wrongful commitment, alien abduction, demonic possession, you name it — yet it still manages to be scary and stylish and suspenseful.The episode abo........ Read more »
Tajima-Pozo, K., Zambrano-Enriquez, D., de Anta, L., Moron, M., Carrasco, J., Lopez-Ibor, J., & Diaz-Marsa, M. (2011) Practicing exorcism in schizophrenia. Case Reports, 2011(feb15 1). DOI: 10.1136/bcr.10.2009.2350
Duijl, M., Kleijn, W., & Jong, J. (2012) Are symptoms of spirit possessed patients covered by the DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria for possession trance disorder? A mixed-method explorative study in Uganda. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0635-1
Spiegel, D., Loewenstein, R., Lewis-Fernández, R., Sar, V., Simeon, D., Vermetten, E., Cardeña, E., & Dell, P. (2011) Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28(9), 824-852. DOI: 10.1002/da.20874
- January 19, 2013
- 06:30 AM
- 497 views
Look Who’s Talking
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Oral language is a definite delineation between humans and other animals. There are several anatomical differences that make speech possible in humans, but there are also molecular differences, including the sequence of the fox2p transcription factor.
Recent evidence has shown the importance of the fox2p protein in functions related to speech, in addition to affecting speech directly. One study has shown that motor learning in response to auditory cues is also dependent on fox2p function. Ei........ Read more »
Kurt, S., Fisher, S., & Ehret, G. (2012) Foxp2 Mutations Impair Auditory-Motor Association Learning. PLoS ONE, 7(3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033130
Li, T., Zeng, Z., Zhao, Q., Wang, T., Huang, K., Li, J., Li, Y., Liu, J., Wei, Z., Wang, Y.... (2012) FoxP2 is significantly associated associated with schizophrenia and major depression in the Chinese Han Population . World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 1-5. DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.615860
- January 14, 2013
- 11:47 PM
- 315 views
Dopamine and Anorexia Nervosa: Tackling the Myths – Part IV (Treatment with Antipsychotics)
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
This is part IV in my mini-series on the role of dopamine in anorexia nervosa. In part I, I did a a little introduction on dopamine and dopamine signalling in the brain. In part II, I discussed preclinical studies using animal models to study the role of dopamine in AN. Finally, in part III, I talked about clinical studies using patients with AN to assess dopamine function. In this final post, I’ll review the evidence for using drugs that modulate the dopamine system in order to treat anor........ Read more »
Kontis, D., & Theochari, E. (2012) Dopamine in anorexia nervosa. Behavioural Pharmacology, 23(5 and 6), 496-515. DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e328357e115
- January 12, 2013
- 09:02 AM
- 247 views
Mobile Therapy: Using Text-Messaging to Treat Bulimia Nervosa
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the most commonly used approaches to treat bulimia nervosa, but even CBT (or any treatment) doesn’t work for everyone. Sometimes, even if CBT is helping, a weekly 50 minute therapy session is just not enough. Moreover, like with many other eating disorder treatments, drop-out and relapse rates are high.
What can be done to help the individuals that don’t benefit (benefit fully) from CBT, or those that relapse after CBT?
Shapiro and c........ Read more »
Shapiro, J., Bauer, S., Andrews, E., Pisetsky, E., Bulik-Sullivan, B., Hamer, R., & Bulik, C. (2010) Mobile therapy: Use of text-messaging in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43(6), 513-519. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20744
- January 10, 2013
- 11:58 PM
- 319 views
Dopamine and Anorexia Nervosa: Tackling the Myths – Part III (Clinical Studies)
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
This is part III of my series on the role of dopamine in anorexia nervosa. In my first post I did a little introduction on dopamine and dopaminergic signalling. In the second post I talked about preclinical studies that used animal models of anorexia nervosa. In this post I’ll briefly go over some of the research that has used patients with anorexia nervosa to understand the role of dopamine in this disorder.
I’ve got to be honest here: I wish things were simpler. I wish the research........ Read more »
Kontis, D., & Theochari, E. (2012) Dopamine in anorexia nervosa. Behavioural Pharmacology, 23(5 and 6), 496-515. DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e328357e115
- January 9, 2013
- 12:25 PM
- 294 views
Early Brain Inflammation in Lupus (SLE)
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I previously reviewed a brain research imaging study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). This study found evidence of disruption of brain connectivity markers even before any clinical brain symptoms.SLE is a multi-organ disease known to produce significant neuropsychiatric symptoms. These symptoms do not affect all patients with SLE as the brain effects are highly variable in this disorder. Studying patients with early SLE without brain-related symptoms provide........ Read more »
Ramage, A., Fox, P., Brey, R., Narayana, S., Cykowski, M., Naqibuddin, M., Sampedro, M., Holliday, S., Franklin, C., Wallace, D.... (2011) Neuroimaging evidence of white matter inflammation in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis , 63(10), 3048-3057. DOI: 10.1002/art.30458
- January 7, 2013
- 10:34 PM
- 299 views
Dopamine and Anorexia Nervosa: Tackling the Myths – Part II (Contradictory Findings in Preclinical Studies)
by Tetyana Pekar in Science of Eating Disorders
This is part II in my series of posts on the role of dopamine in anorexia nervosa. (You can find the first part, which covers the basics of dopamine signalling, here.) In this post I’m going to discuss the findings from preclinical studies (studies in animal models).
I don’t think I’ve talked about animal models of anorexia nervosa before on the blog, but believe or not, they exist. The most well-known one is called activity-based anorexia (ABA). ABA works like this: ........ Read more »
Kontis, D., & Theochari, E. (2012) Dopamine in anorexia nervosa. Behavioural Pharmacology, 23(5 and 6), 496-515. DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e328357e115
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