All posts; Tags Include "Metabolism"
- September 6, 2016
- 11:17 AM
- 279 views
Keeping the Weight Off
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Weight loss and maintenance of weight loss is difficult if not nearly impossible for most people.A registry of individuals who have lost 30 pounds or more and maintained their weight loss over a year exists in the U.S. This research effort is known as the National Weight Control Registry. It currently has over 10,000.I was looking at some of the published research results from this study. A paper published in 2012 used cluster analysis to identify sub-types of individuals with successful long-te........ Read more »
Ogden, L., Stroebele, N., Wyatt, H., Catenacci, V., Peters, J., Stuht, J., Wing, R., & Hill, J. (2012) Cluster Analysis of the National Weight Control Registry to Identify Distinct Subgroups Maintaining Successful Weight Loss. Obesity, 20(10), 2039-2047. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.79
- September 2, 2016
- 11:53 AM
- 296 views
Obesity Surgery: VA Outcome Study
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Weight loss (bariatric) surgery is likely to become increasingly important to address the obesity epidemic in the U.S. and other nations.There are several types of surgical techniques used for bariatric surgery.One of the most invasive is the Rous-en-Y gastric bypass (RYG) operation. This operation involves bisection of the small intestine and reattachment of the upper section to a position lower down the small intestine. This provides for a shorter distance for food to be absorbed.Less invasive........ Read more »
Maciejewski ML, Arterburn DE, Van Scoyoc L, Smith VA, Yancy WS Jr, Weidenbacher HJ, Livingston EH, & Olsen MK. (2016) Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Durability of Weight Loss. JAMA surgery. PMID: 27579793
- September 2, 2016
- 07:28 AM
- 282 views
Mitochondrial function during muscle fiber type transition by a miR‐499/Fnip1/AMPK circuit
by Joana Guedes in BHD Research Blog
Contractile fiber type and mitochondrial function are two key factors of skeletal muscle function. However, the exact mechanism for coupling the two remains unknown. The genes encoding type I myosins Myh7/Myh7b regulate muscle fiber type switching by encoding their intronic miRNAs, miR-208b and miR-499. In a new study, Liu et al., 2016 use transgenic mice to show that miR-499 directly targets the gene encoding folliculin‐interacting protein‐1 (Fnip1), which negatively regulates AMPK. AMPK ........ Read more »
Liu J, Liang X, Zhou D, Lai L, Xiao L, Liu L, Fu T, Kong Y, Zhou Q, Vega RB.... (2016) Coupling of mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle fiber type by a miR-499/Fnip1/AMPK circuit. EMBO molecular medicine. PMID: 27506764
- August 18, 2016
- 08:00 AM
- 381 views
Sorry, I Don't Drink
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Koalas don’t drink a lot of water, but the spinifex hopping mouse and kangaroo rat put him to shame. They never drink. What water they need they get from the seeds they eat and from the fact that they conserve water amazingly well – including the water that they produce during metabolism. Adult mayflies don’t drink either – they don’t have working mouthparts! Of course, some only live a few minutes as adults, so it may not be that big a deal.... Read more »
Banta MR. (2003) Merriam's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) voluntarily select temperatures that conserve energy rather than water. Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ, 76(4), 522-32. PMID: 13130431
King RF, Cooke C, Carroll S, & O'Hara J. (2008) Estimating changes in hydration status from changes in body mass: considerations regarding metabolic water and glycogen storage. Journal of sports sciences, 26(12), 1361-3. PMID: 18828029
- July 13, 2016
- 10:57 AM
- 456 views
The Genetic Architecture of Complex Disease
by Daniel Koboldt in Massgenomics
It’s no secret that while genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated thousands of genetic loci in human phenotypes, the variants uncovered collectively explain only a fraction of the observed variance between individuals. The reasons for this “missing heritability” are a subject of vigorous debate in the scientific community. One possible explanation is that rare (low-frequency) variants […]... Read more »
Fuchsberger C, Flannick J, Teslovich TM, Mahajan A, Agarwala V, Gaulton KJ, Ma C, Fontanillas P, Moutsianas L, McCarthy DJ.... (2016) The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes. Nature. PMID: 27398621
- June 17, 2016
- 05:49 AM
- 492 views
FLCN activates mTORC1 by maintaining lysosomal leucine level
by Joana Guedes in BHD Research Blog
The intracellular amino acid pool within the lysosome has been shown to activate the mTORC1 signaling pathway (Zoncu et al., 2011; Jewell et al., 2013). However, how the sequester of the signaling molecules within the lysosome occurs remains poorly understood. New research from Wu et al. (2016) shows that the suppression of FLCN, a tumour suppressor gene associated with the Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, controls mTORC1 activity by modulating the lysosomal leucine levels. FLCN exerts this new f........ Read more »
Wu X, Zhao L, Chen Z, Ji X, Qiao X, Jin Y, & Liu W. (2016) FLCN Maintains the Leucine Level in Lysosome to Stimulate mTORC1. PloS one, 11(6). PMID: 27280402
- June 12, 2016
- 10:35 PM
- 569 views
Seeing Through the Skin
by Aurametrix team in Olfactics and Diagnostics
Human skin emits light (albeit the glow is extremely weak) and a wide variety of small molecules that may be sometimes "sniffed" by dogs or even other humans. These chemicals tell a story about our health and wellness, things we eat and drink, touch and breathe. Mosquitoes use such emissions to assess our "attractiveness" from indicators such as Indoles (unpleasantly smelling but healthy "inner soil" biomarker) or carbon dioxide (amount of which correlates with the size of the person........ Read more »
Andreoni G, Standoli CE, & Perego P. (2016) Defining Requirements and Related Methods for Designing Sensorized Garments. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 16(6). PMID: 27240361
Gao W, Emaminejad S, Nyein HY, Challa S, Chen K, Peck A, Fahad HM, Ota H, Shiraki H, Kiriya D.... (2016) Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis. Nature, 529(7587), 509-14. PMID: 26819044
Imani S, Bandodkar AJ, Mohan AM, Kumar R, Yu S, Wang J, & Mercier PP. (2016) A wearable chemical-electrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time health and fitness monitoring. Nature communications, 11650. PMID: 27212140
Lee H, Choi TK, Lee YB, Cho HR, Ghaffari R, Wang L, Choi HJ, Chung TD, Lu N, Hyeon T.... (2016) A graphene-based electrochemical device with thermoresponsive microneedles for diabetes monitoring and therapy. Nature nanotechnology, 11(6), 566-72. PMID: 26999482
Panneer Selvam A, Muthukumar S, Kamakoti V, & Prasad S. (2016) A wearable biochemical sensor for monitoring alcohol consumption lifestyle through Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) detection in human sweat. Scientific reports, 23111. PMID: 26996103
Yokota T, Zalar P, Kaltenbrunner M, Jinno H, Matsuhisa N, Kitanosako H, Tachibana Y, Yukita W, Koizumi M, & Someya T. (2016) Ultraflexible organic photonic skin. Science advances, 2(4). PMID: 27152354
- May 3, 2016
- 12:00 PM
- 291 views
"The Biggest Loser": Long-term Effects
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Yesterday I posted a link to a New York Times article that posted a summary outcome in fourteen participants in TV's "The Biggest Loser" show.The study found a trend towards post-show weight gain for 13/14 of the participants.Four participants actually gained so much weight that after six years they weighed more than before participating in the show.A key finding from the study was this weight gain could be explained by a metabolic response resulting in up to 800 calories less burned daily ........ Read more »
Fothergill, E., Guo, J., Howard, L., Kerns, J., Knuth, N., Brychta, R., Chen, K., Skarulis, M., Walter, M., Walter, P.... (2016) Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition. Obesity. DOI: 10.1002/oby.21538
- March 16, 2016
- 09:59 AM
- 606 views
An open letter to all science lovers who want to defend science ... please don't.
Last week I had an animated discussion on Facebook over an older post in which I describe some literature I dug out on possible (underline “possible”!) correlations with autism. True, my post is highly incomplete, but it was meant as a discussion starter to point at things that scientists have been looking at in an attempt to unravel what feels like a rise in autism. Is autism the new childhood plague of our modern society or has it always been around and we just became more aware of it? And........ Read more »
Kushak RI, Buie TM, Murray KF, Newburg DS, Chen C, Nestoridi E, & Winter HS. (2016) Evaluation of Intestinal Function in Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. PMID: 26913756
Li, Q., & Zhou, J. (2016) The microbiota–gut–brain axis and its potential therapeutic role in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.013
Heijtz, R., Wang, S., Anuar, F., Qian, Y., Bjorkholm, B., Samuelsson, A., Hibberd, M., Forssberg, H., & Pettersson, S. (2011) Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 3047-3052. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010529108
Mulle, J., Sharp, W., & Cubells, J. (2013) The Gut Microbiome: A New Frontier in Autism Research. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15(2). DOI: 10.1007/s11920-012-0337-0
- November 18, 2015
- 07:04 AM
- 1,166 views
Give Thanks For The Cranberry
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Here comes Thanksgiving! The cranberry is an amazing fruit on its own for several reasons. Its cultivation and botany are unusual, as is its seed dispersal mechanism and structure. However, a major push has been on to understand the medicinal uses of the cranberry. Much debate is taking place as to the usefulness of cranberry compounds, anthocyanidins and polyphenols, in the prevention of urinary tract infections. Cranberry is even having some success in type II diabetes and as an anti-viral age........ Read more »
Burleigh AE, Benck SM, McAchran SE, Reed JD, Krueger CG, & Hopkins WJ. (2013) Consumption of sweetened, dried cranberries may reduce urinary tract infection incidence in susceptible women -- a modified observational study. Nutrition journal, 12(1), 139. PMID: 24139545
McCall J, Hidalgo G, Asadishad B, & Tufenkji N. (2013) Cranberry impairs selected behaviors essential for virulence in Proteus mirabilis HI4320. Canadian journal of microbiology, 59(6), 430-6. PMID: 23750959
Lorenzo AJ, & Braga LH. (2013) Use of cranberry products does not appear to be associated with a significant reduction in incidence of recurrent urinary tract infections. Evidence-based medicine, 18(5), 181-2. PMID: 23416416
Ruel G, Lapointe A, Pomerleau S, Couture P, Lemieux S, Lamarche B, & Couillard C. (2013) Evidence that cranberry juice may improve augmentation index in overweight men. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 33(1), 41-9. PMID: 23351409
Shidfar F, Heydari I, Hajimiresmaiel SJ, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, & Amiri F. (2012) The effects of cranberry juice on serum glucose, apoB, apoA-I, Lp(a), and Paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetic male patients. Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 17(4), 355-60. PMID: 23267397
- September 16, 2015
- 01:00 AM
- 535 views
Journal club summary on Calorie for Calorie, Dietary Fat Restriction Results in More Body Fat Loss than Carbohydrate Restriction in People with Obesity
by Bridges Lab in Bridges Lab Commentaries
Rationale
It has been suggested that low carbohydrate diets lead to a greater fat loss than diets of reduced fat content. The rationale behind this claim is that insulin promotes lipid synthesis and storage in adipose tissue, therefore a reduction in dietary carbohydrate would reduce circulating insulin concentrations and discourage fat storage. However, the first law of thermodynamics clearly states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed; therefore, all calories are equal,........ Read more »
Hall KD, Bemis T, Brychta R, Chen KY, Courville A, Crayner EJ, Goodwin S, Guo J, Howard L, Knuth ND.... (2015) Calorie for Calorie, Dietary Fat Restriction Results in More Body Fat Loss than Carbohydrate Restriction in People with Obesity. Cell metabolism, 22(3), 427-36. PMID: 26278052
- September 7, 2015
- 08:23 AM
- 441 views
Exercise Did Not Improve Mitochondrial Content in Healthy Brains
by Marie Benz in MedicalResearch.com
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Eric A.F. Herbst MSc Ph.D. student Human Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Guelph Guelph, ON Medical Research: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Many neurological diseases result in declines in … Continue reading →
The post Exercise Did Not Improve Mitochondrial Content in Healthy Brains appeared first on MedicalResearch.com Medical Research Studies with Interviews and News.
... Read more »
Eric A.F. Herbst MSc Ph.D. student. (2015) Exercise Did Not Improve Mitochondrial Content in Healthy Brains. MedicalResearch.com. info:/
- August 21, 2015
- 01:00 AM
- 379 views
The Effects of Glucocorticoids on Adipose Tissue
by Dave Bridges in Bridges Lab Posts
The Effects of Glucocorticoids on Adipose Tissue... Read more »
Hochberg, I., Harvey, I., Tran, Q., Stephenson, E., Barkan, A., Saltiel, A., Chandler, W., & Bridges, D. (2015) Gene expression changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue due to Cushing's disease. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 55(2), 81-94. DOI: 10.1530/JME-15-0119
- June 30, 2015
- 01:00 AM
- 293 views
New Paper on Effects of Acromegaly on Adipose Tissue
by Dave Bridges in Bridges Lab Posts
New Paper on Effects of Acromegaly on Adipose Tissue... Read more »
Hochberg, I., Tran, Q., Barkan, A., Saltiel, A., Chandler, W., & Bridges, D. (2015) Gene Expression Signature in Adipose Tissue of Acromegaly Patients. PLOS ONE, 10(6). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129359
- June 11, 2015
- 08:00 AM
- 755 views
The catch-22 of recording from identified cell populations
by Michael Patterson in ...And You Will Know Me By The Trail of Papers
Recording from individual cells in genetically identified populations is the hottest technique in systems neuroscience right now (I am, of course, totally biased since that's what I'm trying to do). To record from identified populations, you first choose a mouse line that expresses Cre driven by a cell-specific marker like D1R. Then you transduce those cells with floxed ChR2 or GCaMP so you can ... Read more »
Betley, J., Xu, S., Cao, Z., Gong, R., Magnus, C., Yu, Y., & Sternson, S. (2015) Neurons for hunger and thirst transmit a negative-valence teaching signal. Nature, 521(7551), 180-185. DOI: 10.1038/nature14416
Chen Y, Lin YC, Kuo TW, & Knight ZA. (2015) Sensory detection of food rapidly modulates arcuate feeding circuits. Cell, 160(5), 829-41. PMID: 25703096
Jennings, J., Ung, R., Resendez, S., Stamatakis, A., Taylor, J., Huang, J., Veleta, K., Kantak, P., Aita, M., Shilling-Scrivo, K.... (2015) Visualizing Hypothalamic Network Dynamics for Appetitive and Consummatory Behaviors. Cell, 160(3), 516-527. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.026
Liu, T., Kong, D., Shah, B., Ye, C., Koda, S., Saunders, A., Ding, J., Yang, Z., Sabatini, B., & Lowell, B. (2012) Fasting Activation of AgRP Neurons Requires NMDA Receptors and Involves Spinogenesis and Increased Excitatory Tone. Neuron, 73(3), 511-522. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.027
Yang, Y., Atasoy, D., Su, H., & Sternson, S. (2011) Hunger States Switch a Flip-Flop Memory Circuit via a Synaptic AMPK-Dependent Positive Feedback Loop. Cell, 146(6), 992-1003. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.039
- May 10, 2015
- 07:01 PM
- 711 views
Making Digestion Health Easier to Digest
by Aurametrix team in Irritable Bowel Blog
From balloons inserted into stomach or colon to the dreaded colonoscopy, digestive diagnostic procedures are not fun. Tracking diet and symptoms, too, is tedious and frustrating - unless, like a mouse, you can be isolated in a chamber linked to analyzers that automatically measure everything for you.... Read more »
von Delius S, Schmid RM, & Meining A. (2010) Pill camera. Endoscopy. PMID: 20556714
Speakman, J. (2013) Measuring Energy Metabolism in the Mouse – Theoretical, Practical, and Analytical Considerations. Frontiers in Physiology. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00034
- April 26, 2015
- 01:47 PM
- 588 views
Genetic Basis of Transcriptome Diversity in Drosophila melanogaster
by Dave Bridges in Metabolism Preprints
This preprint from Trudy Mackay‘s group at NC State uses a recombinant inbred series of flies known as the Drosophila Genome Reference Panel (DGRP) to evaluate how genetic variation affects transcription. To do this they extracted RNA from whole flies, pooled from males and females of each of the 192 recombinant inbred fly lines. They fit…... Read more »
Wen Huang, Mary Anna Carbone, Michael Magwire, Jason Peiffer, Richard Lyman, Eric Stone, Robert Anholt, & Trudy Mackay. (2015) Genetic Basis of Transcriptome Diversity in Drosophila melanogaster. bioRxiv. info:/10.1101/018325
- April 26, 2015
- 10:27 AM
- 543 views
The Story Behind the Paper: The role of TORC1 in muscle development in Drosophila
by Dave Bridges in Bridges Lab Commentaries
A summary of our recent paper on the role of the TORC1 complex in drosophila muscle function... Read more »
Hatfield, I., Harvey, I., Yates, E., Redd, J., Reiter, L., & Bridges, D. (2015) The role of TORC1 in muscle development in Drosophila. Scientific Reports, 9676. DOI: 10.1038/srep09676
- April 26, 2015
- 01:00 AM
- 266 views
The Story Behind the Paper: The role of TORC1 in muscle development in Drosophila
by Dave Bridges in Bridges Lab Posts
The Story Behind the Paper: The role of TORC1 in muscle development in Drosophila ... Read more »
Hatfield, I., Harvey, I., Yates, E., Redd, J., Reiter, L., & Bridges, D. (2015) The role of TORC1 in muscle development in Drosophila. Scientific Reports, 9676. DOI: 10.1038/srep09676
- April 18, 2015
- 04:18 PM
- 461 views
The association between sleep duration and obesity amongst Canadians aged 12 and over
by Dave Bridges in Metabolism Preprints
In this paper, published on PeerJ Preprints, the authors describe the relationship between sleep, obesity and hormones in adolescent Canadians. The authors used data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to evaluate sleep duration and body mass index . The authors looked both at adolescents (12-17) and adults (18+). In both cases, obese and…... Read more »
Temkit, Maha, & Yaya, Sanni. (2015) The association between sleep duration and obesity amongst Canadians aged 12 and over. PeerJ Preprints. info:/10.7287/peerj.preprints.962v1
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