All posts; Tags Include "Developmental Biology"
- October 8, 2016
- 03:15 PM
- 194 views
That time 20,000 jellyfish orbited Earth
by Emily Makowski in Sextraordinary!
Why did NASA put jellyfish aboard the space shuttle in the 1990s? I discuss the reasoning behind this experimentand the results.... Read more »
Spangenberg, D., Jernigan, T., McCombs, R., Lowe, B., Sampson, M., & Slusser, J. (1994) Development studies of Aurelia (Jellyfish) ephyrae which developed during the SLS-1 mission. Advances in Space Research, 14(8), 239-247. DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(94)90408-1
- September 25, 2016
- 09:29 PM
- 196 views
Big news in iPS cell transplants
by adam phillips in It Ain't Magic
iPS cell-derived retinal cells have been successfully transplanted from one money to another without need of immunosuppressant drugs.... Read more »
Sugita S, Iwasaki Y, Makabe K, Kamao H, Mandai M, Shiina T, Ogasawara K, Hirami Y, Kurimoto Y, & Takahashi M. (2016) Successful Transplantation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from MHC Homozygote iPSCs in MHC-Matched Models. Stem cell reports. PMID: 27641649
- August 24, 2016
- 03:05 AM
- 308 views
Keeping Your “Ion” The Ball – Salts and Life
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Lost at sea is no way to go to your everlasting reward. Sit in the sunshine too long and you lose your salts and all your functions go bonkers. Drink seawater and you end up with too much sodium and potassium and go nuts. Either way your dead, and it all has to do with your body’s tipping point and the kidney’s function in maintaining an osmotic potential. What is weirder - licorice can cause just about the same problem. ... Read more »
Räikkönen, K., Seckl, J., Heinonen, K., Pyhälä, R., Feldt, K., Jones, A., Pesonen, A., Phillips, D., Lahti, J., Järvenpää, A.... (2010) Maternal prenatal licorice consumption alters hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis function in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(10), 1587-1593. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.04.010
- July 7, 2016
- 02:44 PM
- 471 views
Biological fight: kites, mites, quite bright plights
by Piter Boll in Earthling Nature
by Piter Kehoma Boll A recently described fossil from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte in the United Kingdom has called much attention. The appearance of the creature was build by scanning the rock and creating a 3D reconstruction of the fossil. … Continue reading →... Read more »
Briggs, D., Siveter, D., Siveter, D., Sutton, M., & Legg, D. (2016) Tiny individuals attached to a new Silurian arthropod suggest a unique mode of brood care. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(16), 4410-4415. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600489113
Briggs, D., Siveter, D., Siveter, D., Sutton, M., & Legg, D. (2016) Reply to Piper: Aquilonifer’s kites are not mites . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(24). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606265113
Piper, R. (2016) Offspring or phoronts? An alternative interpretation of the “kite-runner” fossil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(24). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605909113
- June 29, 2016
- 06:20 AM
- 460 views
Birdsong Babel: Different birds use different grammar rules
by gdw in FictionalFieldwork
Zizou listens carefully. She ignores her confines and tries to focus on the intruder’s song. There’s something odd about it. Something she can’t quite put her feather on. It’s familiar, yet… not familiar. The intruder is strong. He or she keeps signing incessantly. There’s no sight of him or her, though. She has to make a […]... Read more »
Olkowicz S, Kocourek M, Lučan RK, Porteš M, Fitch WT, Herculano-Houzel S, & Němec P. (2016) Birds have primate-like numbers of neurons in the forebrain. PNAS, 113(26), 7255-60. PMID: 27298365
Spierings, M., & ten Cate, C. (2016) Budgerigars and zebra finches differ in how they generalize in an artificial grammar learning experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(27). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600483113
- June 9, 2016
- 11:21 AM
- 353 views
Back to life – Resurrection plants and the future of food
by Alice Breda in la-Plumeria
Life on Earth was born in water. Then, about half a billion years ago, the first organisms stare colonizing lands that offered new spaces, less predators and, in time, abundant oxygen and nutrients. Still, the indissoluble bond that living organisms had with water remained, and in order to survive in this new environment plants and animals had to develop anatomical, physiological and behavioral adaptations to better obtain, manage and save water. Plant bodies, as well as ours, are mostly made of........ Read more »
Moore, J., Le, N., Brandt, W., Driouich, A., & Farrant, J. (2009) Towards a systems-based understanding of plant desiccation tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 14(2), 110-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.11.007
- June 1, 2016
- 09:38 AM
- 501 views
All hail our eight-limbed overlords
by gdw in FictionalFieldwork
(This is my first attempt to blend science and fiction in a single post. The idea is to write about a recent study or studies but explore it through small snippets of original fiction as well. Hope you like it. Feedback is always greatly appreciated…) # A carefully orchestrated dance of chromatophores flashed Octa’s agreement. […]... Read more »
Doubleday ZA, Prowse TA, Arkhipkin A, Pierce GJ, Semmens J, Steer M, Leporati SC, Lourenço S, Quetglas A, Sauer W.... (2016) Global proliferation of cephalopods. Current biology : CB, 26(10). PMID: 27218844
- June 1, 2016
- 02:43 AM
- 321 views
Organ regeneration in the lab
by jens wilkinson in It Ain't Magic
Interview with Takashi Tsuji, team leader of the Laboratory for Organ Regeneration at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology... Read more »
Takagi, R., Ishimaru, J., Sugawara, A., Toyoshima, K., Ishida, K., Ogawa, M., Sakakibara, K., Asakawa, K., Kashiwakura, A., Oshima, M.... (2016) Bioengineering a 3D integumentary organ system from iPS cells using an in vivo transplantation model. Science Advances, 2(4). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500887
- April 17, 2016
- 03:00 AM
- 757 views
Week 15 In Review: Open-Access Science | 11 to 17 April
by TakFurTheKaffe in Tak Fur The Kaffe
Swarming Red Crabs, 11,000-year-old shaman headdress, 'superfast' wing muscles, slowdown of giant airstreams, and sexually transmitted infections in Neanderthals. Here are five of the latest scientific studies published open-access this week, ... Read more »
Pineda, J., Cho, W., Starczak, V., Govindarajan, A., Guzman, H., Girdhar, Y., Holleman, R., Churchill, J., Singh, H., & Ralston, D. (2016) A crab swarm at an ecological hotspot: patchiness and population density from AUV observations at a coastal, tropical seamount. PeerJ. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1770
Little, A., Elliott, B., Conneller, C., Pomstra, D., Evans, A., Fitton, L., Holland, A., Davis, R., Kershaw, R., O’Connor, S.... (2016) Technological Analysis of the World’s Earliest Shamanic Costume: A Multi-Scalar, Experimental Study of a Red Deer Headdress from the Early Holocene Site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire, UK. PLOS ONE, 11(4). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152136
Fuxjager, M., Goller, F., Dirkse, A., Sanin, G., & Garcia, S. (2016) Select forelimb muscles have evolved superfast contractile speed to support acrobatic social displays. eLife. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.13544
Stadtherr, L., Coumou, D., Petoukhov, V., Petri, S., & Rahmstorf, S. (2016) Record Balkan floods of 2014 linked to planetary wave resonance. Science Advances, 2(4). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501428
Houldcroft, C., & Underdown, S. (2016) Neanderthal genomics suggests a pleistocene time frame for the first epidemiologic transition. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22985
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- March 6, 2016
- 11:51 PM
- 556 views
From evolutionary morphology to Godzilla
by adam phillips in It Ain't Magic
I recently spoke with Chief Scientist Shigeru Kuratani about evolutionary morphology, sci-fi monsters, the genius of Alien, and more.... Read more »
Sugahara, F., Pascual-Anaya, J., Oisi, Y., Kuraku, S., Aota, S., Adachi, N., Takagi, W., Hirai, T., Sato, N., Murakami, Y.... (2016) Evidence from cyclostomes for complex regionalization of the ancestral vertebrate brain. Nature, 531(7592), 97-100. DOI: 10.1038/nature16518
- February 13, 2016
- 06:18 PM
- 628 views
Virus factories and hijacked proteins: How could Zika cause microcephaly?
by Megan Cartwright in Science-Based Writing
There’s something missing from all the coverage of Zika virus, the mosquito-spread flavivirus that’s spread across 26 countries in the Americas since May 2015. While Zika usually doesn’t cause symptoms in adults, the outbreak coincided with a 20- to 40-fold … Continue reading →... Read more »
Tetro JA. (2016) Zika and microcephaly: causation, correlation, or coincidence?. Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur. PMID: 26774330
- January 29, 2016
- 10:14 AM
- 569 views
The fossils hidden in our genome: geneticists turn into archeologists ... sort of.
I often blog about viruses because, well, I work on viruses. Here's a quick summary of things I've blogged about that I find absolutely mind-blowing:1. About 10% of the human genome is made of genes we inherited from viruses that had replicated in our ancestors millions of years ago. 2. Viruses evolve as their hosts evolve (The Red Queen Effect), and in fact we can retrace their evolution in parallel with that of their hosts. The same is true within a single host, enabling us to retrace the evol........ Read more »
Lee, Y., & Bieniasz, P. (2007) Reconstitution of an Infectious Human Endogenous Retrovirus. PLoS Pathogens, 3(1). DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030010
- January 10, 2016
- 07:00 AM
- 660 views
Endosperm: the pivot of the sexual conflict in flowering plants
by Piter Boll in Earthling Nature
by Piter Kehoma Boll The theory of sexual selection, based on the idea that there are conflict of interests between males and females, is quite recognized, but almost entirely focused on animals, especially dioecious animals, i.e., animals in which males … Continue reading →... Read more »
Baskin, J., & Baskin, C. (2015) Pollen (microgametophyte) competition: an assessment of its significance in the evolution of flowering plant diversity, with particular reference to seed germination. Seed Science Research, 25(01), 1-11. DOI: 10.1017/S0960258515000033
Beale, K., & Johnson, M. (2013) Speed dating, rejection, and finding the perfect mate: advice from flowering plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 16(5), 590-597. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.08.005
Becraft, P. (2012) Endosperm Imprinting: A Child Custody Battle?. Current Biology, 22(3). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.043
Cailleau, A., Cheptou, P., & Lenormand, T. (2009) Ploidy and the Evolution of Endosperm of Flowering Plants. Genetics, 184(2), 439-453. DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.110833
Dresselhaus, T., & Franklin-Tong, N. (2013) Male–Female Crosstalk during Pollen Germination, Tube Growth and Guidance, and Double Fertilization. Molecular Plant, 6(4), 1018-1036. DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst061
Lankinen, A., & Madjidian, J. (2011) Enhancing pollen competition by delaying stigma receptivity: Pollen deposition schedules affect siring ability, paternal diversity, and seed production in Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae). American Journal of Botany, 98(7), 1191-1200. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000510
Maruyama, D., Hamamura, Y., Takeuchi, H., Susaki, D., Nishimaki, M., Kurihara, D., Kasahara, R., & Higashiyama, T. (2013) Independent Control by Each Female Gamete Prevents the Attraction of Multiple Pollen Tubes. Developmental Cell, 25(3), 317-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.03.013
Schärer, L., Janicke, T., & Ramm, S. (2015) Sexual Conflict in Hermaphrodites. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7(1). DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017673
- December 18, 2015
- 10:11 AM
- 631 views
Scientists reproduce a stress-induced phenotype in mouse pups thanks to epigenetic reprogramming
© Elena E. GiorgiI'm excited to be blogging about science again, albeit only occasionally. Those of you who have been following the blog from its very beginnings, back in 2011, know that I've always been fascinated with epigenetics, one of my favorite topics to discuss. So much so that I've managed to include it into the plot of my detective thriller Chimeras. The thrills in the book are fictional, but the science is all real.I was talking with my colleague Karissa Sanbonmatsu last week, who's ........ Read more »
Rodgers AB, Morgan CP, Bronson SL, Revello S, & Bale TL. (2013) Paternal stress exposure alters sperm microRNA content and reprograms offspring HPA stress axis regulation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 33(21), 9003-12. PMID: 23699511
Rodgers, A., Morgan, C., Leu, N., & Bale, T. (2015) Transgenerational epigenetic programming via sperm microRNA recapitulates effects of paternal stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201508347. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508347112
- November 24, 2015
- 06:19 AM
- 1,073 views
Corn Color Concepts
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Indian corn isn’t corn, it’s maize. But not all corn is maize, corn is actually an old word that denotes the major crop of any particular region. The colors are most beautiful, including a newly breed variety called Carl’s Glass Gem corn. The spots of color were instrumental in our understanding of DNA and gene movement, but do you think we would be so fast to decorate our houses with it if it were common knowledge how much Indian corn has in common with the causative agents of........ Read more »
Pohl ME, Piperno DR, Pope KO, Jones JG. (2007) Microfossil evidence for pre-Columbian maize dispersals in the neotropics from San Andres, Tabasco, Mexico. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. , 104(16), 6870-6875. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701425104
Keely SP, & Stringer JR. (2009) Complexity of the MSG gene family of Pneumocystis carinii. BMC genomics, 367. PMID: 19664205
- October 15, 2015
- 10:58 PM
- 872 views
Live-cell analysis of plant embryogenesis: Live-cell imaging, optical manipulation, and micro-engineering technologies
by Daisuke Kurihara in the Node
In multicellular animals and plants, the single-celled zygote develops into the embryo. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the zygote divides asymmetrically to form a small cytoplasmic apical cell, which is the precursor of the proembryo, and a large vacuolated basal cell, which develops into the extra-embryonic suspensor (Figure 1). Communication between the intra-embryo (proembryo[...]
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The post Live-cell analysis of plant embryogenesis: Live-cell imaging, optical manipulation........ Read more »
Kawashima, T., & Goldberg, R. (2010) The suspensor: not just suspending the embryo. Trends in Plant Science, 15(1), 23-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.002
Javelle, M., Vernoud, V., Rogowsky, P., & Ingram, G. (2011) Epidermis: the formation and functions of a fundamental plant tissue. New Phytologist, 189(1), 17-39. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03514.x
Lafon-Placette, C., & Köhler, C. (2014) Embryo and endosperm, partners in seed development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 64-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.008
Yeung, E., & Meinke, D. W. (1993) Embryogenesis in Angiosperms: Development of the Suspensor. Plant Cell, 5(10), 1371-1381. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1371
Kurihara, D., Hamamura, Y., & Higashiyama, T. (2013) Live-cell analysis of plant reproduction: Live-cell imaging, optical manipulation, and advanced microscopy technologies. Development, Growth , 55(4), 462-473. DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12040
Bhatia, S., & Ingber, D. (2014) Microfluidic organs-on-chips. Nature Biotechnology, 32(8), 760-772. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2989
Sanati Nezhad, A. (2014) Microfluidic platforms for plant cells studies. Lab on a Chip, 14(17), 3262-3274. DOI: 10.1039/C4LC00495G
Park, J., Kurihara, D., Higashiyama, T., & Arata, H. (2014) Fabrication of microcage arrays to fix plant ovules for long-term live imaging and observation. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 178-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.09.060
Gooh, K., Ueda, M., Aruga, K., Park, J., Arata, H., Higashiyama, T., & Kurihara, D. (2015) Live-Cell Imaging and Optical Manipulation of Arabidopsis Early Embryogenesis. Developmental Cell, 34(2), 242-251. DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.008
van den Berg C, Willemsen V, Hendriks G, Weisbeek P, & Scheres B. (1997) Short-range control of cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root meristem. Nature, 390(6657), 287-289. PMID: 9384380
Higashiyama, T., Yabe, S., Sasaki, N., Nishimura, Y., Kuroiwa, H., & Kuroiwa, T. (2001) Pollen Tube Attraction by the Synergid Cell. Science, 293(5534), 1480-1483. DOI: 10.1126/science.1062429
Tirlapur, U., & König, K. (2002) Targeted transfection by femtosecond laser. Nature, 418(6895), 290-291. DOI: 10.1038/418290a
- October 7, 2015
- 08:00 AM
- 1,090 views
Twin Sons Of Different Mothers…… Or Fathers
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Can a pregnant woman get pregnant? Sounds like a riddle, but really it is superfetation. Getting pregnant in two successive cycles and having twins with different fathers really creates a problem in defining what twins actually are. Twins don’t have to be conceived at the same time, born at the same time, have the same father, or even be of the same “race.”... Read more »
Pollux, B., Meredith, R., Springer, M., Garland, T., & Reznick, D. (2014) The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish. Nature, 513(7517), 233-236. DOI: 10.1038/nature13451
Peigné, M., Andrieux, J., Deruelle, P., Vuillaume, I., & Leroy, M. (2011) Quintuplets after a transfer of two embryos following in vitro fertilization: a proved superfecundation. Fertility and Sterility, 95(6), 2147483647-2147483647. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.01.029
James WH. (1993) The incidence of superfecundation and of double paternity in the general population. Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae, 42(3-4), 257-62. PMID: 7871943
Baijal N, Sahni M, Verma N, Kumar A, Parkhe N, & Puliyel JM. (2007) Discordant twins with the smaller baby appropriate for gestational age--unusual manifestation of superfoetation: a case report. BMC pediatrics, 2. PMID: 17239246
Claas, M., Timmermans, A., & Bruinse, H. (2010) Case report: a black and white twin. Journal of Perinatology, 30(6), 434-436. DOI: 10.1038/jp.2009.156
- September 30, 2015
- 07:55 AM
- 859 views
Twins of Different Seasons
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Twins are born near the same time, that’s one of the things that makes them twins. But do they have to be born close to one another? The record is twins born 104 days apart. The key is to get the twins past 25 weeks so the lungs will be mature enough, but if one twin is delivered, the second might be subjected to delayed interval delivery to give the lungs longer to grow.... Read more »
Reinhard, J., Reichenbach, L., Ernst, T., Reitter, A., Antwerpen, I., Herrmann, E., Schlösser, R., & Louwen, F. (2012) Delayed interval delivery in twin and triplet pregnancies: 6 years of experience in one perinatal center. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 40(5). DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2011-0267
Padilla-Iserte, P., Vila-Vives, J., Ferri, B., Gómez-Portero, R., Diago, V., & Perales-Marín, A. (2014) Delayed Interval Delivery of the Second Twin: Obstetric Management, Neonatal Outcomes, and 2-Year Follow-Up. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 64(5), 344-348. DOI: 10.1007/s13224-014-0544-1
Lewi, L., Devlieger, R., De Catte, L., & Deprest, J. (2014) Growth discordance. Best Practice , 28(2), 295-303. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.12.003
Hjortø, S., Nickelsen, C., Petersen, J., & Secher, N. (2014) The effect of chorionicity and twin-to-twin delivery time interval on short-term outcome of the second twin. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 27(1), 42-47. DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.799657
- September 23, 2015
- 08:51 AM
- 609 views
“Eppur (non) si muove”: why cellular movements may not be essential to the formation of Turing patterns in biology.
by D. Bullara in the Node
D. Bullara* and Y. De Decker *domenico.bullara@mail.com When Catarina Vicente (Community Manager of “The Node”) proposed us to write a post about our recent paper on pattern formation in zebrafish [Bullara2015] we were very glad for the opportunity she was giving us to tell the background story about our work in this blog. We[...]
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The post “Eppur (non) si muove”: why cellular movements may not be essential to the formation of Turing patterns in biology......... Read more »
Bullara, D., & De Decker, Y. (2015) Pigment cell movement is not required for generation of Turing patterns in zebrafish skin. Nature Communications, 6971. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7971
De Decker Y, Tsekouras GA, Provata A, Erneux T, & Nicolis G. (2004) Propagating waves in one-dimensional discrete networks of coupled units. Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 69(3 Pt 2), 36203. PMID: 15089388
Hamada, H., Watanabe, M., Lau, H., Nishida, T., Hasegawa, T., Parichy, D., & Kondo, S. (2013) Involvement of Delta/Notch signaling in zebrafish adult pigment stripe patterning. Development, 141(2), 318-324. DOI: 10.1242/dev.099804
Hiscock, T., & Megason, S. (2015) Mathematically guided approaches to distinguish models of periodic patterning. Development, 142(3), 409-419. DOI: 10.1242/dev.107441
Inaba M, Yamanaka H, & Kondo S. (2012) Pigment pattern formation by contact-dependent depolarization. Science, 335(6069), 677. PMID: 22323812
Nakamasu, A., Takahashi, G., Kanbe, A., & Kondo, S. (2009) Interactions between zebrafish pigment cells responsible for the generation of Turing patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(21), 8429-8434. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808622106
Patterson, L., & Parichy, D. (2013) Interactions with Iridophores and the Tissue Environment Required for Patterning Melanophores and Xanthophores during Zebrafish Adult Pigment Stripe Formation. PLoS Genetics, 9(5). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003561
Singh, A., Schach, U., & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (2014) Proliferation, dispersal and patterned aggregation of iridophores in the skin prefigure striped colouration of zebrafish. Nature Cell Biology, 16(6), 604-611. DOI: 10.1038/ncb2955
Turing, A. (1952) The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 237(641), 37-72. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1952.0012
Yamaguchi, M., Yoshimoto, E., & Kondo, S. (2007) Pattern regulation in the stripe of zebrafish suggests an underlying dynamic and autonomous mechanism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(12), 4790-4793. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607790104
Yamanaka, H., & Kondo, S. (2014) In vitro analysis suggests that difference in cell movement during direct interaction can generate various pigment patterns in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(5), 1867-1872. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315416111
- September 23, 2015
- 08:10 AM
- 1,111 views
Twins Versus Siblings, Where’s The Line?
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
What makes two babies twins? Do they have to look similar; be born at the same time; be conceived at the same time? Twins of different races give us idea just how genetics can play out in siblings and how complex the control of skin pigmentation, hair and eye color and hair texture can be.... Read more »
Sturm, R., Duffy, D., Zhao, Z., Leite, F., Stark, M., Hayward, N., Martin, N., & Montgomery, G. (2008) A Single SNP in an Evolutionary Conserved Region within Intron 86 of the HERC2 Gene Determines Human Blue-Brown Eye Color. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 82(2), 424-431. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.005
Duffy DL, Montgomery GW, Chen W, Zhao ZZ, Le L, James MR, Hayward NK, Martin NG, & Sturm RA. (2007) A three-single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype in intron 1 of OCA2 explains most human eye-color variation. American journal of human genetics, 80(2), 241-52. PMID: 17236130
Maroñas, O., Phillips, C., Söchtig, J., Gomez-Tato, A., Cruz, R., Alvarez-Dios, J., de Cal, M., Ruiz, Y., Fondevila, M., Carracedo, �.... (2014) Development of a forensic skin colour predictive test. Forensic Science International: Genetics, 34-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.06.017
Gerstenblith MR, Goldstein AM, Fargnoli MC, Peris K, & Landi MT. (2007) Comprehensive evaluation of allele frequency differences of MC1R variants across populations. Human mutation, 28(5), 495-505. PMID: 17279550
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