All posts; Tags Include "Clinical Neuroscience"
- December 5, 2013
- 11:39 AM
- 806 views
Low Testosterone and Diabetes Risk
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Several years ago I published a research study that showing testosterone augmentation improved metabolic syndrome and insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes.Testosterone appears to influence weight including abdominal fat deposition. The mechanism for this relationship is unclear. Additionally, the relationship between testosterone and diabetes risk is unclear.A recent study from Taiwan has provided some additional insight into the role of low testosterone and diabetes risk.Ho and colle........ Read more »
Chen-Hsun Ho,1,2 Hong-Jeng Yu,2 Chih-Yuan Wang,3 Fu-Shan Jaw,4 Ju-Ton Hsieh,2 Wan-Chung Liao,5 Yeong-Shiau Pu,2 and Shih-Ping Liu2,*. (2013) Prediabetes Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Testosterone Deficiency, Independent of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074173
- December 3, 2013
- 11:22 AM
- 780 views
Testosterone Replacement Linked to Weight Loss
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The hormone testosterone has significant effects on brain function and structure.In the next few posts, I will review several recent research studies related to testosterone.Testosterone deficiency or hypogonadism is more common in obese compared to non-obese.The mechanism for this relationship is unclear. However, a recent study has outlined the effect of testosterone replacement on body weight.AA Yassin and G Doros examined the longitudinal changes in weight, waist circumference and body mass ........ Read more »
Yassin A, & Doros G. (2013) Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men results in sustained and clinically meaningful weight loss. Clinical obesity, 3(3-4), 73-83. PMID: 24163704
Vigen R, O'Donnell CI, Barón AE, Grunwald GK, Maddox TM, Bradley SM, Barqawi A, Woning G, Wierman ME, Plomondon ME.... (2013) Association of testosterone therapy with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in men with low testosterone levels. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 310(17), 1829-36. PMID: 24193080
- December 2, 2013
- 01:02 PM
- 879 views
Adoption Linked to Higher Adult Alcohol and Drug Abuse
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Adoption research can provide a unique perspective for understanding genetic and environmental contributions to brain disorders.In the adoption process, biological (genetic) influences occur outside the biological environment.A variety of adoption studies show genetic influences for risk of childhood and adult brain and behavior disorders. Adoptees with a biological parent with alcohol or drug abuse have higher rates of substance disorders even when raised in adoptive family environments without........ Read more »
Yoon G, Westermeyer J, Warwick M, & Kuskowski MA. (2012) Substance use disorders and adoption: findings from a national sample. PloS one, 7(11). PMID: 23166740
- November 27, 2013
- 11:08 AM
- 717 views
Tools for Measurement of Alzheimer's Disease
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain Hippocampus Highlighted in GreenThere are a multitude of tools that provide measurements of cognitive and physical function.Choosing the best tools to assess and monitor Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia is an important clinical task.A research team from the Netherlands recently reviewed the assessment of cognitive and physical assessment in older adults with dementia.Their goal was to provide a recommended set of tests that would improve consensus and aid in the research in ........ Read more »
Bossers WJ, van der Woude LH, Boersma F, Scherder EJ, & van Heuvelen MJ. (2012) Recommended measures for the assessment of cognitive and physical performance in older patients with dementia: a systematic review. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra, 2(1), 589-609. PMID: 23341825
- November 26, 2013
- 11:55 AM
- 773 views
Dietary Nuts, Cancer, Heart Disease and Death
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is a growing body of research linking dietary nut consumption with reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease.A recent large study adds to our understanding of this link.Ying Bao and colleagues published the results of a large epidemiological study using women participating in the Nurse's Health Study and men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.Approximately 120,000 participants in these two studies were followed over a period of 30 years.During the course of t........ Read more »
Bao Y, Han J, Hu FB, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, & Fuchs CS. (2013) Association of nut consumption with total and cause-specific mortality. The New England journal of medicine, 369(21), 2001-11. PMID: 24256379
- November 25, 2013
- 11:30 AM
- 1,000 views
Brain Adaption in Developmental Mathematics Disorder
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Disability in learning mathematics is a common condition affecting about 5% of the population.I have previously posted a research review on the topic of developmental mathematics disorder, also known as dyscalculia here.A recent imaging study sheds some light on some of the brain correlates of developmental mathematics disorder.Cappelleti and Price from the University College of London studied a group of eleven individuals with developmental mathematics disorder.Subjects in the study were adults........ Read more »
Cappelletti M, & Price CJ. (2013) Residual number processing in dyscalculia. NeuroImage. Clinical, 18-28. PMID: 24266008
- November 20, 2013
- 11:20 AM
- 805 views
Preterm Birth: Exploring the Link to Low Socioeconomic Status
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Previous posts in this series looked at the brain disorders linked to preterm birth including ADHD, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and learning disability. There is a strong incentive for public health prevention interventions to reduce the number and severity of preterm birth.These efforts require better understanding of the specific risk factors and mechanisms for preterm labor and birth.Known risk factors for preterm birth include:Previous preterm birthFirst pregnancyLow socioec........ Read more »
Räisänen S, Gissler M, Saari J, Kramer M, & Heinonen S. (2013) Contribution of risk factors to extremely, very and moderately preterm births - register-based analysis of 1,390,742 singleton births. PloS one, 8(4). PMID: 23577142
- November 19, 2013
- 11:06 AM
- 713 views
Maternal Influenza A (H1N1) As A Risk Factor for Preterm Birth
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
This is the fourth in a series of posts examining recent research related to preterm birth.Preterm birth appears to significantly increase for a variety of brain disorders. Reducing the number of preterm births is a promising prevention strategy for childhood and adult brain disorders.Multiple types of infection appear to increase risk for preterm birth. A recent study examined the effect of maternal H1N1 influenza infection on preterm birth risk.Doyle and colleagues conducted a linkage study us........ Read more »
Doyle TJ, Goodin K, & Hamilton JJ. (2013) Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Illness in Florida, 2009-2010: A Population-Based Cohort Study. PloS one, 8(10). PMID: 24205364
- November 14, 2013
- 12:00 PM
- 1,434 views
Preterm Birth and Risk of Adult Bipolar Disorder
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In the previous two posts, I reviewed recent studies of childhood outcome following preterm birth.These posts highlighted the increased risk for childhood anxiety, ADHD and autism as well as increased risk for learning disability and cerebral palsy.Preterm birth appears related to the risk for adult brain disorders including schizophrenia.A recent study from Sweden provides some additional insight into the common risk for preterm birth to influence rates for a variety of adult brain disorders.No........ Read more »
Nosarti C, Reichenberg A, Murray RM, Cnattingius S, Lambe MP, Yin L, MacCabe J, Rifkin L, & Hultman CM. (2012) Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life. Archives of general psychiatry, 69(6). PMID: 22660967
- November 13, 2013
- 12:29 PM
- 823 views
Preterm Birth and Childhood Brain Disorders II
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
This is the second in a series of three posts examining the role of preterm birth in later child and adult brain disorders.In a previous post, I reviewed a recent study showing evidence on increased risk for anxiety disorder, ADHD and autism in preterm birth children by age 7 years of age.In this post I want to review and comment on a large French study of outcome in a cohort of very preterm children.Marrett and colleagues summarized the key elements in the design of their research:Sample: All p........ Read more »
Marret S, Marchand-Martin L, Picaud JC, Hascoët JM, Arnaud C, Rozé JC, Truffert P, Larroque B, Kaminski M, Ancel PY.... (2013) Brain injury in very preterm children and neurosensory and cognitive disabilities during childhood: the EPIPAGE cohort study. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23658763
- November 12, 2013
- 11:14 AM
- 1,143 views
Preterm Birth and Risk of Childhood Brain Disorders I
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
This will be the first in a series of posts on preterm birth. Preterm birth may not seem on the surface important in brain disorders.However, an increasing body of research is showing the importance of preterm birth in later development of childhood and adult brain disorders.An important contribution to this area of research is an Australian study using structured psychiatric assessment in a series of children at age seven who had been born prematurely.The key elements of this study design inclu........ Read more »
Treyvaud K, Ure A, Doyle LW, Lee KJ, Rogers CE, Kidokoro H, Inder TE, & Anderson PJ. (2013) Psychiatric outcomes at age seven for very preterm children: rates and predictors. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 54(7), 772-9. PMID: 23347471
- November 1, 2013
- 12:19 PM
- 768 views
Speech Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Progression
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Sensitive, reliable and inexpensive markers of disease progression in Alzheimer's disease are needed.It is known that language and speech domains are impaired with Alzeimer's disease.What is not known is whether speech performance can be used in the diagnosis and monitoring of progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD).A recent case series published in the journal Brain supports the potential for expanded use of speech assessment in AD.Ahmed and colleagues reported their findings in a group of 15 p........ Read more »
Ahmed S, Haigh AM, de Jager CA, & Garrard P. (2013) Connected speech as a marker of disease progression in autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease. Brain : a journal of neurology. PMID: 24142144
- October 31, 2013
- 10:34 AM
- 848 views
Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's Disease Risk
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Molecular model image of Apolipoprotein ERisk for Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders is a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors.A recent research mansuscript published novel candidate genes for Alzheimer's disease risk.Some of these new genes are likely to advance our understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of the disease.Alzheimer's disease has been know to be linked to the Apolipoprotein E gene for quite some time. Individuals with one or two........ Read more »
Jean-Charles Lambert et al. (2013) Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nature Genetics. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2802
Kim J et al. (2009) The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.026
- October 30, 2013
- 11:26 AM
- 896 views
The Genetics of Educational Attainment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I ran across an interesting genetic study examining the potential genetic contributions to educational attainment. There have been quite a few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of intelligence quotient (IQ).... Read more »
Rietveld CA, Medland SE, Derringer J, Yang J, Esko T, Martin NW, Westra HJ, Shakhbazov K, Abdellaoui A, Agrawal A.... (2013) GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 340(6139), 1467-71. PMID: 23722424
- October 28, 2013
- 01:38 PM
- 801 views
Epidemiology of Concussion Sequelae in High School Footballers
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The recent PBS Frontline series on concussion sequelae in the NFL is an important advance in the discussion on this important topic. Significant research is needed to better understand the risk of football-related brain injury.An additional important issue on this topic related to the interaction between sport-related brain trauma and developmental stage. Football training and full-contact games begin during elementary school in many parts of the U.S. So this is not just an NFL........ Read more »
Savica R, Parisi JE, Wold LE, Josephs KA, & Ahlskog JE. (2012) High school football and risk of neurodegeneration: a community-based study. Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic, 87(4), 335-40. PMID: 22469346
- October 22, 2013
- 11:34 AM
- 821 views
Does Ice Use Improve Baseball Pitching Performance?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
If you watch the 2013 World Series that opens tomorrow night, you are likely to see pitchers using ice on their pitching arms between innings.The use of ice on key muscles between use seems counterintuitive. Isn't it best to key a muscloskeletal region warm? After all, we "warm-up" before using muscles all the time in a variety of activities.I had thought that icing was designed primarily to reduce muscle stiffness and soreness during the recover period.However, I recently ran into a........ Read more »
Bishop SH, Herron R, Ryan G, Katica C, & Bishop P. (2013) THE EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT ARM AND SHOULDER COOLING ON BASEBALL PITCHING VELOCITY. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength . PMID: 24077378
- October 21, 2013
- 11:46 AM
- 825 views
Can Vision Training Improve Baseball Hitting Performance?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The visuomotor process involved in hitting a baseball is complex and not completely understood.At one time, hitters were told they must follow the path of the baseball until it hit their bat in order to succeed.However, further study found the speed of a baseball exceeds the speed of the human eye for tracking objects.It is unclear whether using vision training exercises increases hitting ability above and beyond that associated with hitting practice.A study from the University of Cincinnati att........ Read more »
Clark JF, Ellis JK, Bench J, Khoury J, & Graman P. (2012) High-performance vision training improves batting statistics for University of Cincinnati baseball players. PloS one, 7(1). PMID: 22276103
- October 16, 2013
- 11:48 AM
- 899 views
Depression, Inflammation and Novel Treatments
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is growing evidence of a role for inflammation in the etiology of some types of mood disorders. Patients receiving the antiviral inflammatory drug interferon commonly demonstrate symptoms of depression. Depression rates are increased in patients suffering from other known inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.A recent animal study of depression induced by inflammation supports further research into the potential for anti-inflammatory drugs as novel ant........ Read more »
Izaque S. Maciel, Rodrigo B. M. Silva, [..], and Maria M. Campos. (2013) Synergistic Effects of Celecoxib and Bupropion in a Model of Chronic Inflammation-Related Depression in Mice. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077227
- October 9, 2013
- 12:37 PM
- 925 views
Stress, Antidepressants and Cardiovascular Function
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is increased interest in the relationship between mood and anxiety disorders and cardiovascular function.Presence of depression appears to be an independent risk factor for the future development of cardiovascular disease.Patients with depression and myocardial infarction demonstrate increased risk for future cardiac events including cardiac death.The exact mechanism for the interaction of depression and cardiovascular function is unclear. Depression appears to be associated with a f........ Read more »
Hanson CS, Outhred T, Brunoni AR, Malhi GS, & Kemp AH. (2013) The impact of escitalopram on vagally mediated cardiovascular function to stress and the moderating effects of vigorous physical activity: a randomized controlled treatment study in healthy participants. Frontiers in physiology, 259. PMID: 24069000
- September 26, 2013
- 12:29 PM
- 880 views
Notes on the Suicide in U.S. Freakonomics Podcast
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The Freakonomics podcast is about one of ten that I follow regularly. Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner have written two popular books, Freakonomics and Superfreakonomics.Levitt and Dubner utilize advanaces in statistical analysis techniques to examine important societal issues related to economics.In a recent podcast, the replayed an episode that looked at suicide. This episode is an interesting review of some of the current issues in suicide epidemiology.Here are my notes from the episode........ Read more »
Gunn Iii JF, & Lester D. (2012) Media guidelines in the internet age. Crisis, 33(4), 187-9. PMID: 22820640
Wray M, Miller M, Gurvey J, Carroll J, & Kawachi I. (2008) Leaving Las Vegas: Exposure to Las Vegas and risk of suicide. Social science , 67(11), 1882-8. PMID: 18938005
Niederkrotenthaler T, Fu KW, Yip PS, Fong DY, Stack S, Cheng Q, & Pirkis J. (2012) Changes in suicide rates following media reports on celebrity suicide: a meta-analysis. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 66(11), 1037-42. PMID: 22523342
Rihmer Z, Gonda X, Kapitany B, & Dome P. (2013) Suicide in Hungary-epidemiological and clinical perspectives. Annals of general psychiatry, 12(1), 21. PMID: 23803500
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