All posts; Tags Include "Cognitive Neuroscience"
- October 11, 2013
- 12:19 PM
- 793 views
A new quantitative measure of consciousness: measuring the complexity of neural ripples
by Robert Seymour in NeuroFractal
It has been suggested that behavioural measures of consciousness result in an alarmingly high 43% misdiagnosis rate for Vegetative State (VS) patients – a state in which people completely lack cognitive function but still show sleep-wake cycles and often open their eyes. Could there be a more reliable neural marker? In a recent paper Casali et al., (2013) suggests that there might be. ... Read more »
Casali AG, Gosseries O, Rosanova M, Boly M, Sarasso S, Casali KR, Casarotto S, Bruno MA, Laureys S, Tononi G.... (2013) A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior. Science translational medicine, 5(198). PMID: 23946194
- September 26, 2013
- 04:28 PM
- 760 views
I Declare "No Conflict - No Interest" - Myth or Fact in Research
by Vivek Misra in Uberbrain Research Frontier
A conflict of interest (COI) occurs when an individual or organization is involved in multiple interests, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation for an act in another. Technology Incubators / Academic ties between physicians or medical researchers and pharmaceutical, medical device, and biotechnology companies can benefit society - most notably by promoting the discovery and development of new medications and medical devices that improve individual and public health. However so........ Read more »
Campbell EG, Weissman JS, Ehringhaus S, Rao SR, Moy B, Feibelmann S, & Goold SD. (2007) Institutional academic industry relationships. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 298(15), 1779-86. PMID: 17940234
Campbell EG, Rao SR, DesRoches CM, Iezzoni LI, Vogeli C, Bolcic-Jankovic D, & Miralles PD. (2010) Physician professionalism and changes in physician-industry relationships from 2004 to 2009. Archives of internal medicine, 170(20), 1820-6. PMID: 21059976
Brockway LM, Furcht LT, & FASEB. (2006) Conflicts of interest in biomedical research--the FASEB guidelines. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 20(14), 2435-8. PMID: 17142792
- September 25, 2013
- 11:09 AM
- 722 views
Autism, Risperidone and the Genetics of Weight Gain
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Weight gain is an key adverse event associated with many drug classes in psychopharmacology.Understanding this adverse event is important in patient selection and management.Genetics may play a key role in the risk for the type and severity of adverse events. EL Nurmi and colleagues recently published an exploratory study of the role of genetics in weight gain associated with autism in children and adolescents participating in a clinical trial. The key elements of the design of this s........ Read more »
Nurmi EL, Spilman SL, Whelan F, Scahill LL, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Arnold LE, Handen B, Johnson C, Sukhodolsky DG.... (2013) Moderation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain by energy balance gene variants in the RUPP autism network risperidone studies. Translational psychiatry. PMID: 23799528
- September 20, 2013
- 11:50 AM
- 925 views
Neural Conspiracy Theories
by Rebecca Schwarzlose in Garden of the Mind
Last month, a paper quietly appeared in The Journal of Neuroscience. The study revolved around a clever and almost diabolical premise: that using perceptual trickery and outright deception, its authors could plant a delusion-like belief in the heads of healthy subjects.... Read more »
Schmack K, Gòmez-Carrillo de Castro A, Rothkirch M, Sekutowicz M, Rössler H, Haynes JD, Heinz A, Petrovic P, & Sterzer P. (2013) Delusions and the role of beliefs in perceptual inference. The Journal of Neuroscience, 33(34), 13701-13712. PMID: 23966692
- September 17, 2013
- 07:17 AM
- 721 views
Brain Insular Cortex Function in Bulimia and Obesity
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I summarized some of the evolving research highlighting the function of the human brain insular cortex.A recent review article examined the role of the insular cortex in processes related to hunger, eating and obesity.Sabine Frank and colleagues from Tubingen, Germany published this summary in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.I will outline some of their review relevant to bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and obesity.Food Processing Role of InsulaWhile the hypothalamus plays ........ Read more »
Frank S, Kullmann S, & Veit R. (2013) Food related processes in the insular cortex. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 499. PMID: 23986683
- September 11, 2013
- 11:56 AM
- 882 views
How Schizophrenia Affects the Brain
by Jason Carr in Wired Cosmos
It’s hard to fully understand a mental disease like schizophrenia without peering into the human brain. Now, a study by University of Iowa psychiatry professor Nancy Andreasen uses brain scans to document how schizophrenia impacts brain tissue as well as the effects of anti-psychotic drugs on those who have relapses. Andreasen’s study (cited below), published … Read More →... Read more »
Nancy C. Andreasen, Dawei Liu, Steven Ziebell, Anvi Vora, & Beng-Choon Ho. (2013) Relapse Duration, Treatment Intensity, and Brain Tissue Loss in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Longitudinal MRI Study. Am J Psychiatry, 609-615. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12050674
- September 9, 2013
- 08:11 AM
- 736 views
Bulimia Nervosa, ADHD and Inattention
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Mental health clinicians struggle with understanding complex presentations when more than one psychiatric diagnosis is present.Typically, the greater the number of diagnoses, the more challenging is both diagnosis and treatment.I have previously published a study of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis in a series of subjects with a variety of eating disorders. This study found inattention as a common symptom in adults with eating disorders.However, when examining the origin of inattention, few ano........ Read more »
Seitz J, Kahraman-Lanzerath B, Legenbauer T, Sarrar L, Herpertz S, Salbach-Andrae H, Konrad K, & Herpertz-Dahlmann B. (2013) The role of impulsivity, inattention and comorbid ADHD in patients with bulimia nervosa. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23700439
Yates WR, Lund BC, Johnson C, Mitchell J, & McKee P. (2009) Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms and disorder in eating disorder inpatients. The International journal of eating disorders, 42(4), 375-8. PMID: 19040267
- September 9, 2013
- 04:14 AM
- 490 views
Explainer: What is Dreaming?
by Drew Dawson in United Academics
For most of human history, dreaming has been seen as a second “reality” in which altered forms of perception provide insights into ourselves and others, our fears, fantasies and motivations or even the future.
What Freud referred to as the “royal road to the unconscious” served as a source of wonderment and prophecy. So what do we think about it now?
What is dreaming? What does science say? And what mysteries remain?... Read more »
Jerome M. Siegel. (2001) The REM Sleep-Memory Consolidation Hypothesis. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1063049
- September 3, 2013
- 12:06 PM
- 707 views
Brain Regions Involved in Immediate Reward Decisions
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Humans make multiple decisions in the course of daily life that lead to important outcomes.Understanding the brain mechanisms involved in reward decisions has implications across consumer behavior, gambling and drug addiction.Konstanze Albrecht from Germany along with colleagues in Austria and Italy recently published an informative fMRI study of the brain regions involved in reward decision making.Their study was aimed at examining brain regions activated during decision making while varying th........ Read more »
Albrecht K, Volz KG, Sutter M, & von Cramon DY. (2013) What do I want and when do I want it: brain correlates of decisions made for self and other. PloS one, 8(8). PMID: 23991196
- August 28, 2013
- 11:57 AM
- 1,098 views
Effects of Testosterone Deprivation on Brain Structure
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The evils of testosterone deficiency are trumpeted from the television, radio and internet on a daily basis. Some of this is driven by the pharmaceutical industry and the explosion of products available for testosterone replacement.I think quite a bit of this is overblown, but I did find a recent study on the effects of androgen deficiency on brain structure and function.Testosterone is the major androgen in men and this hormone contributes to risk of prostate cancer progression. Men with ........ Read more »
Chao HH, Hu S, Ide JS, Uchio E, Zhang S, Rose M, Concato J, & Li CS. (2013) Effects of androgen deprivation on cerebral morphometry in prostate cancer patients - an exploratory study. PloS one, 8(8). PMID: 23977199
- August 20, 2013
- 04:07 PM
- 605 views
To the depressed brain, it’s all the same
by Emilie Reas in Emilie Reas - Remember
If you’re among the 8-12% of the population who will suffer from depression during their lifetime 1, you’re painfully aware of its debilitating symptoms – hopelessness, indifference, emptiness. While it’s clear how depression radically affects one’s emotional state, emerging research is showing that the reaches of depression extend far beyond our mood. In fact, depression […]... Read more »
Shelton DJ . (2013) A possible negative influence of depression on the ability to overcome memory interference. Behavioral Brain Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.016
- August 15, 2013
- 11:16 PM
- 862 views
End of Life Gamma Waves: Altered State of Consciousness or Artifactual Brain Activity?
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
"I had been in labor for my daughter for 16 hours. The labor was difficult and the Dr. approached me and told me it may come down to a choice between the child or myself. ... The labor dragged on and on and finally they came in and broke my water. I was rushed into delivery and within minutes my heart had stopped. I remember seeing a beautiful being of light enter the room. She told me I had to return as it was not my time yet. I was sucked back into my body as they restarted my br........ Read more »
Borjigin J, Lee U, Liu T, Pal D, Huff S, Klarr D, Sloboda J, Hernandez J, Wang MM, & Mashour GA. (2013) Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID: 23940340
- August 14, 2013
- 03:24 PM
- 835 views
The brain’s swan song: hyperactivity near death
by Shelly Fan in Neurorexia
TL;DR: Near-death experiences are ‘electrical surge in the dying brain? …But dude, what does it all mean? We often think of death as flipping a switch: one minute you’re there, next all lights go out. But this is a simple caricature of the dying process: sparks of activity still linger in the brains of those […]... Read more »
Borjigin J, Lee U, Liu T, Pal D, Huff S, Klarr D, Sloboda J, Hernandez J, Wang MM, & Mashour GA. (2013) Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID: 23940340
- August 11, 2013
- 12:54 AM
- 516 views
Save Us From Misleading Press Releases
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Exposure to subliminal cues can help us choose the apple instead of the cake. Or can it... Let's take a look.Our Brains Can (Unconsciously) Save Us from Temptation Aug. 8, 2013 — Inhibitory self control -- not picking up a cigarette, not having a second drink, not spending when we should be saving -- can operate without our awareness or intention. That was the finding by scientists at the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg School for Communication and the University of Illinois at Ur........ Read more »
Hepler J, & Albarracin D. (2013) Complete unconscious control: Using (in)action primes to demonstrate completely unconscious activation of inhibitory control mechanisms. Cognition, 128(3), 271-9. PMID: 23747649
- August 10, 2013
- 06:19 AM
- 1,275 views
Cigarettes and cupcakes: can mindfulness meditation reduce cravings?
by PlasticJames in Plastic Brain
Life is so unfair. Trying to give up something you’re addicted to just makes you crave that thing even more, whether it’s cigarettes, alcohol or sugar. You’re caught in a Catch-22: you want to quit, but the more you try, the harder it gets to resist temptation. Perhaps the key is not to try so […]... Read more »
Yi-Yuan Tang, Rongxiang Tang, & Michael I. Posner. (2013) Brief meditation training induces smoking reduction. PNAS. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311887110
- August 1, 2013
- 12:57 PM
- 870 views
Misophonia: Common sounds are all the rage
by Emilie Reas in Emilie Reas - Remember
Click click click. “Dear GOD, why does she keep doing that? Doesn’t she know how irritating that is? Has she no respect for the rest of us trying to work? Is she intentionally trying to piss me off?!” Your blood pressure rises as you bite your lip, suppressing the urge to verbalize this inner dialogue. […]... Read more »
Edelstein M, Brang D, Rouw R, & Ramachandran VS. (2013) Misophonia: physiological investigations and case descriptions. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 296. PMID: 23805089
- July 30, 2013
- 10:23 PM
- 978 views
Sleep waxes and wanes through the lunar cycle
by Shelly Fan in Neurorexia
A group of sleep-scientists walk into a bar… and start asking how a full moon can change your nightly snoozing after a drink or two*. Funny how science works sometimes. Christian Cajochen et al (2013) Evidence that the Lunar Cycle Influences Human Sleep. Current Biology. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.029 Lucky for the scientists, the data was already available. […]... Read more »
Christian Cajochen. (2013) Evidence that the Lunar Cycle Influences Human Sleep. Current Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.029
- July 29, 2013
- 04:31 PM
- 1,523 views
How blind people see
by Richard Kunert in Brain's Idea
Blind people have revolutionised our view on vision. Biology text books still teach us that vision functions roughly as light hitting the eyes where special cells - rods and cones - turn it into neural signals. These travel to the back of the head, the visual cortex, for brain processing leading to something we experience […]... Read more »
Czeisler CA, Shanahan TL, Klerman EB, Martens H, Brotman DJ, Emens JS, Klein T, & Rizzo JF 3rd. (1995) Suppression of melatonin secretion in some blind patients by exposure to bright light. The New England journal of medicine, 332(1), 6-11. PMID: 7990870
Trevethan CT, Sahraie A, & Weiskrantz L. (2007) Can blindsight be superior to 'sighted-sight'?. Cognition, 103(3), 491-501. PMID: 16764848
Vandewalle G, Collignon O, Hull JT, Daneault V, Albouy G, Lepore F, Phillips C, Doyon J, Czeisler CA, Dumont M.... (2013) Blue Light Stimulates Cognitive Brain Activity in Visually Blind Individuals. Journal of cognitive neuroscience. PMID: 23859643
Weiskrantz L, Warrington EK, Sanders MD, & Marshall J. (1974) Visual capacity in the hemianopic field following a restricted occipital ablation. Brain : a journal of neurology, 97(4), 709-28. PMID: 4434190
- July 27, 2013
- 11:00 AM
- 498 views
Fake Memory Implanted in Mice with a Beam of Light
by Jonathan Webb in United Academics
Researchers have been able to consistently create a “false memory”.... Read more »
Steve Ramirez, Xu Liu, Pei-Ann Lin, Junghyup Suh, Michele Pignatelli, Roger L. Redondo, Tomás J. Ryan, Susumu Tonegawa,. (2013) Creating a False Memory in the Hippocampus. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1239073
- July 22, 2013
- 11:41 PM
- 539 views
New gene associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms
by zstansfi in Neuroautomaton
A group of researchers operating out of Emory University, in Atlanta, and the Scripps Research Institute and University of Miami, in Florida, recently reported on a novel gene that regulates fear both in mice and humans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Their work was published in the upstart, cutting-edge journal Science Translational Medicine last month.... Read more »
Andero R, Brothers SP, Jovanovic T, Chen YT, Salah-Uddin H, Cameron M, Bannister TD, Almli L, Stevens JS, Bradley B.... (2013) Amygdala-Dependent Fear Is Regulated by Oprl1 in Mice and Humans with PTSD. Science translational medicine, 5(188). PMID: 23740899
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