All posts; Tags Include "Clinical Research"
- July 27, 2013
- 12:30 AM
- 716 views
Not all mechanisms are created equal
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
How do we determine which patients go to a trauma center?
Too often by MOI (Mechanism Of Injury).
Physiologic criteria are not too bad and involve some assessment of the patient.... Read more »
Stuke, Lance E. MD, MPH; Duchesne, Juan C. MD; Greiffenstein, Patrick MD; Mooney, Jennifer L. MD; Marr, Alan B. MD; Meade, Peter C. MD; McSwain, Norman E. MD; Hunt, John P. MD, MPH. (2013) Not all mechanisms are created equal: A single-center experience with the national guidelines for field triage of injured patients. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 75(1), 140-145. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182988ae2
- July 23, 2013
- 11:35 AM
- 824 views
Alcohol, Drugs and Risk of Death By Drowning
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
It is common knowledge that it is dangerous to drink alcohol before operating a motor vehicle. However, this elevated risk for injury and death with alcohol extends across a variety of situations.Kristin Ahlm and colleagues recently conducted an analysis of the pattern of alcohol and drug use in drowning deaths in Sweden. This analysis was published in the journal BMC Public Health.In their study, they examined a series of drowning deaths that included autopsy. Over the period ........ Read more »
Ahlm K, Saveman BI, & Björnstig U. (2013) Drowning deaths in Sweden with emphasis on the presence of alcohol and drugs - a retrospective study, 1992-2009. BMC public health, 216. PMID: 23497055
- July 22, 2013
- 11:24 AM
- 792 views
Beer, Liquor and Risk for Parkinson's Disease
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There are several known protective factors in risk for Parkinson's disease including exercise, moderate coffee consumption and cigarette smoking. Rui Liu and colleagues recently examined the effect type and quantity of alcohol consumption with risk of Parkinson's disease.They examined alcohol consumption patterns in a cohort of subjects from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (over 300,000 subjects). Consumption patterns came from a questionnaire completed in 1995-1996 from a c........ Read more »
Liu R, Guo X, Park Y, Wang J, Huang X, Hollenbeck A, Blair A, & Chen H. (2013) Alcohol Consumption, Types of Alcohol, and Parkinson's Disease. PloS one, 8(6). PMID: 23840473
- July 21, 2013
- 06:01 PM
- 348 views
Immune-based therapy and HIV research
by Usman Paracha in SayPeople
In the context of immune-based therapy, many of the genes and immune functions have been found to be related to the control of HIV. These include “Δ32 allele of CCR5, HLA-B5701, and HLA-B27 alleles, the NK inhibitory receptors KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1; increased expression of proteins necessary for granule exocytosis-mediated cytotoxicity, such as granzyme A, granzyme B, and perforin; and higher numbers of both plasmacytoid dendritic cells and polyfunctional T cells in elite controllers c........ Read more »
Badley AD, Sainski A, Wightman F, & Lewin SR. (2013) Altering cell death pathways as an approach to cure HIV infection. Cell death . PMID: 23846220
- July 21, 2013
- 05:50 PM
- 348 views
HIV latency related research ideas
by Usman Paracha in SayPeople
Latency shows the incubation period of a disease i.e. the development of an infection inside the body to the point at which the first signs of disease become apparent. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS) has the ability to become latent in the body and there are several points of research in this area.
Some of the open questions in HIV research are as follows:
Why do all cells that are HIV infected not die as a consequence of productive HIV replication?
Why do latently H........ Read more »
Badley AD, Sainski A, Wightman F, & Lewin SR. (2013) Altering cell death pathways as an approach to cure HIV infection. Cell death . PMID: 23846220
- July 18, 2013
- 12:25 PM
- 349 views
Anticancer drugs’ adverse effects related research ideas
by Usman Paracha in SayPeople
Toxicities of the anticancer drugs can be reduced by structural drug design, so that the drug reaches the desired target selectively.
Vandetanib is an anticancer drug. Dark blue-gray pigmentation has been reported with the use of this drug. This adverse effect is thought to be due to hemosiderin deposition but the exact mechanism is still not clear.
Several of the anticancer drugs result in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction that could be asymptomatic or symptomatic but the exact mechanism ........ Read more »
Dy GK, & Adjei AA. (2013) Understanding, recognizing, and managing toxicities of targeted anticancer therapies. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 63(4), 249-79. PMID: 23716430
- July 17, 2013
- 01:06 PM
- 708 views
Diffusion Tensor Brain Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a relative recent brain white matter imaging technique. I have previously reviewed research related to DTI studies of white matter changes in schizophrenia and aging. DTI is moving from a research imaging tool into a potentially important clinical imaging tool.A recent research study of DTI in multiple sclerosis (MS) adds to the evidence of the clinical validity of the technique.Emila Sbardella and colleagues from Sapienza University in Italy studied........ Read more »
Sbardella E, Petsas N, Tona F, Prosperini L, Raz E, Pace G, Pozzilli C, & Pantano P. (2013) Assessing the correlation between grey and white matter damage with motor and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23696802
- July 16, 2013
- 06:25 PM
- 792 views
It’s official – the animal study literature is biased… but whose fault is it?
by Roli Roberts in PLOS Biologue
Testing a new drug on human subjects is expensive, risky and ethically complex, so the vast majority of potential treatments are first tried out on non-human animals. Unfortunately similar issues also constrain the size of animal studies, meaning that …... Read more »
Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Orestis A. Panagiotou, Emily S. Sena, Eleni Aretouli, Evangelos Evangelou, David W. Howells, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Malcolm R. Macleod, John P. A. Ioannidis. (2013) Evaluation of Excess Significance Bias in Animal Studies of Neurological Diseases. PLoS Biology, 11(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001609
- July 16, 2013
- 01:26 PM
- 524 views
Drug related research ideas
by Usman Paracha in SayPeople
drugs in different arrangementsChiral drugs, i.e. drugs with chiral centers, have been studied extensively due to their stereoselective pharmacokinetics. “If more than one reaction could occur between a set of reactants under the same conditions giving products that are stereoisomers and if one product forms in greater amounts than the others, the overall reaction is said to be stereoselective,” according to OChemPal. You may start your research from chiral drugs, which are present l........ Read more »
Shen Q, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang HD, Yu LS, & Zeng S. (2013) Stereoselective binding of chiral drugs to plasma proteins. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. PMID: 23852086
- July 16, 2013
- 11:40 AM
- 715 views
Multiple Sclerosis, Emotion, Cognition and Risk Taking
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain disorders can impact many cognitive domains. Additionally, pharmacological treatments for brain disorders also can contribute to impaired cognition.Understanding the effects of brain disease and treatment effects is an important component of clinical management. Simioni and colleagues from Switzerland recently published an important study of decision making in a group of individuals suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Their study design and results ........; Read more »
Simioni S, Schluep M, Bault N, Coricelli G, Kleeberg J, Du Pasquier RA, Gschwind M, Vuilleumier P, & Annoni JM. (2012) Multiple sclerosis decreases explicit counterfactual processing and risk taking in decision making. PloS one, 7(12). PMID: 23227201
- July 15, 2013
- 05:40 PM
- 364 views
Antibodies and cancer therapy - Some research ideas
by Usman Paracha in SayPeople
Researchers have found that administration of antibodies along with chemotherapy is effective in cancer treatment but more important is the finding that the timing of antibody administration is more important to consider in clinical studies of the combination therapies.
Among the researchers, T-cells are considered as the main kind of work to therapeutically change the endogenous antitumour immunity.
Many of the receptors for B7 family members have not been identified yet. B7 proteins are ........ Read more »
Drew M. Pardoll. (2012) The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nature Reviews Cancer. DOI: 10.1038/nrc3239
Sarah Seton-Rogers. (2012) Immunotherapy: Combinations that work. Nature Reviews Cancer. DOI: 10.1038/nrc3250
- July 10, 2013
- 08:30 PM
- 996 views
This Month In Blastocystis Research (JUL)
by Christen Rune Stensvold in Blastocystis Parasite Blog
This Month In Blastocystis Research (JUL 2013) focuses on a symposium on Blastocystis that has been published in the open access journal Tropical Parasitology.... Read more »
Subhash Chandra Parija, & SS Jeremiah. (2013) Blastocystis: Taxonomy, biology and virulence. Tropical Parasitology. DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.113894
Stensvold CR. (2013) Blastocystis: Genetic diversity and molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiology . Tropical Parasitology. DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.113896
Stensvold CR, Nielsen SD, Badsberg JH, Engberg J, Friis-Møller N, Nielsen SS, Nielsen HV, & Friis-Møller A. (2011) The prevalence and clinical significance of intestinal parasites in HIV-infected patients in Denmark. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 43(2), 129-35. PMID: 20936912
Sekar, Uma, & Shanthi, M. (2013) Blastocystis: Consensus of treatment and controversies. Tropical Parasitology. DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.113901
Tan TC, & Suresh KG. (2006) Predominance of amoeboid forms of Blastocystis hominis in isolates from symptomatic patients. Parasitology research, 98(3), 189-93. PMID: 16323025
- July 8, 2013
- 12:05 PM
- 909 views
Genetics of Gambling Addiction in Men and Women
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
A variety of influences appear to influence the risk of the development of a gambling addiction. There is a growing body of literature related to the brain science behind the variation of risk to engage in gambling behavior.In the next few posts, I will summarize some of the recent brain imaging research related to gambling behavior. As a preview to these posts, I would like to review a study of the role of genetic factors in gambling behavior.A relatively recent twin study of disord........ Read more »
Slutske WS, Zhu G, Meier MH, & Martin NG. (2010) Genetic and environmental influences on disordered gambling in men and women. Archives of general psychiatry, 67(6), 624-30. PMID: 20530012
- July 8, 2013
- 01:45 AM
- 13,070 views
Do Paralytics Improve Outcomes Following Resuscitation?
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
This study will get some people excited because of an impressive p value for an odds ratio of improved cardiac arrest outcomes - 7.23 (1.56–33.38) p = 0.01.
NMBs (NeuroMuscular Blockers/Blockade) are paralytic drugs that are used to prevent movement by the patient. Does this study truly show that immediate use of NMBs improves neurologically intact survival from cardiac arrest?... Read more »
Salciccioli JD, Cocchi MN, Rittenberger JC, Peberdy MA, Ornato JP, Abella BS, Gaieski DF, Clore J, Gautam S, Giberson T.... (2013) Continuous neuromuscular blockade is associated with decreased mortality in post-cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation. PMID: 23796602
- July 2, 2013
- 10:53 AM
- 649 views
Genetics of Caffeine and Insomnia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Caffeine is commonly consumed as a mild stimulant to promote wakefulness. However, if consumed in the evening, this effect may also produce problems with sleep and onset insomnia.Caffeine-related sleep problems and insomnia vary across the general population. Some individuals appear very sensitive to the effect of caffeine on sleep while others are relatively insensitive to this effect.A twin study previously documented the role of genetic factors on caffeine-related insomnia.Byrne a........ Read more »
Byrne EM, Johnson J, McRae AF, Nyholt DR, Medland SE, Gehrman PR, Heath AC, Madden PA, Montgomery GW, Chenevix-Trench G.... (2012) A genome-wide association study of caffeine-related sleep disturbance: confirmation of a role for a common variant in the adenosine receptor. Sleep, 35(7), 967-75. PMID: 22754043
- July 1, 2013
- 11:32 PM
- 1,033 views
“Cocaine addiction may be cured by Ritalin!” …Hmm, really?
by Shelly Fan in Neurorexia
I saw this headline from an r/science thread the other day, and had to look into it. As you’ve probably guessed, the answer is no, but the idea behind it is still a fascinating story. Lots of people experiment with drugs; only some become addicted. Many addicts try to quit; only some succeed without relapse. […]... Read more »
Konova AB, Moeller SJ, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, & Goldstein RZ. (2013) Effects of Methylphenidate on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathways in Cocaine Addiction. JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.), 1-11. PMID: 23803700
Goldstein RZ, & Volkow ND. (2011) Oral methylphenidate normalizes cingulate activity and decreases impulsivity in cocaine addiction during an emotionally salient cognitive task. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 36(1), 366-7. PMID: 21116260
- July 1, 2013
- 12:10 PM
- 747 views
Frontal Cortex Deficit Identified in Morning Insomnia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Inferior View of Orbitofrontal Cortex in PinkIn previous posts, I reviewed a study examining the effect of worry on insomnia across the lifespan and the correlates of sleep with aging and dementia.Understanding the mechanism of insomnia is necessary to develop prevention and treatment options. One strategy for exploring mechanisms is to understand brain structural and functional abnormalities in those with insomnia.Diederick Stoffers and colleagues from the Netherlands recently published a........ Read more »
Stoffers D, Moens S, Benjamins J, van Tol MJ, Penninx BW, Veltman DJ, Van der Wee NJ, & Van Someren EJ. (2012) Orbitofrontal gray matter relates to early morning awakening: a neural correlate of insomnia complaints?. Frontiers in neurology, 105. PMID: 23060850
- June 29, 2013
- 08:00 AM
- 894 views
Lack of Association of Guillain-Barré Syndrome With Vaccinations
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
Don’t expect the self-proclaimed vaccine safety organizations to write about this, unless they are claiming that it is a part of some sort of international conspiracy of governments, universities, private companies, and other research organizations.
They are not interested in safety.
They are interested in creating fear and making money off of the fear they create.... Read more »
Baxter R, Bakshi N, Fireman B, Lewis E, Ray P, Vellozzi C, & Klein NP. (2013) Lack of association of guillain-barre syndrome with vaccinations. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 57(2), 197-204. PMID: 23580737
Salmon DA, Halsey NA. (2013) Editorial commentary: guillain-barre syndrome and vaccinations. Clin Infect Dis., 57(2), 205-207. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit218
- June 28, 2013
- 10:05 AM
- 759 views
This is your brain on a high-glycemic diet
by Andrea Mooney in Vector, a Boston Children's Hospital blog
Is there such a thing as food addiction? A study using brain imaging suggests that high-glycemic foods may trigger the same brain mechanism tied to substance addiction. A team led by David Ludwig, MD, PhD, director of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center at Boston Children’s Hospital, found that consuming highly processed, rapidly digested [...]... Read more »
Lennerz BS, Alsop DC, Holsen LM, Stern E, Rojas R, Ebbeling CB, Goldstein JM, & Ludwig DS. (2013) Effects of dietary glycemic index on brain regions related to reward and craving in men. The American journal of clinical nutrition. PMID: 23803881
- June 26, 2013
- 11:56 AM
- 699 views
Sleep, Aging and Dementia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain changes with age result in changes in sleep duration and architecture.In a previous post, I reviewed a study of the contribution of worry to sleep problems across the lifespan. This study found a trend for worry-related sleep problems to decrease in those over 60 years of age. However, sleep complaints rose throughout life affecting 25 to 30% of those in their 70s.Anderson and Bradley recently published a nice summary of the sleep problems in those with mental and neurodegenera........ Read more »
Anderson KN, & Bradley AJ. (2013) Sleep disturbance in mental health problems and neurodegenerative disease. Nature and science of sleep, 61-75. PMID: 23761983
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