All posts; Tags Include "Clinical Research"
- March 30, 2015
- 11:25 AM
- 573 views
One Parent,Two Parents and Child Well-Being
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The structure of the family in the United States and other countries is changing. This change has occurred over a relatively brief period of time. Data noted in the study I am reviewing today shows that between 1970 and 2013 in the U.S.:Percentage of children living with two parents dropped 24%Percentage of children living with a single mother increased to 23.7%Percentage of children living with a single father quadrupled to 4.1%Percentage of children living with a grandparent doubled to 6......... Read more »
Krueger PM, Jutte DP, Franzini L, Elo I, & Hayward MD. (2015) Family structure and multiple domains of child well-being in the United States: a cross-sectional study. Population health metrics, 6. PMID: 25729332
- March 26, 2015
- 11:17 AM
- 494 views
Parenting Moderates Childhood Brain Stress Response
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Child brain development benefits from a positive parenting style and environment.The mechanism for this positive effect is unclear but moderation of the stress response in the growing child is an area of research interest.Haroon Sheikh and colleagues from the University of Ontario in Canada recently published results on a study of parenting and brain development in children.In their study, a cohort of 46 six year old girls underwent brain imaging using a technique known as diffusion tensor imagi........ Read more »
Sheikh HI, Joanisse MF, Mackrell SM, Kryski KR, Smith HJ, Singh SM, & Hayden EP. (2014) Links between white matter microstructure and cortisol reactivity to stress in early childhood: evidence for moderation by parenting. NeuroImage. Clinical, 77-85. PMID: 25379418
- March 25, 2015
- 10:37 AM
- 500 views
Parental Education As Risk Factor For Eating Disorders
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the risk for anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders.Known risk factors for anorexia nervosa include female gender, young age, family member with anorexia nervosa, weight loss, and participation in weight sensitive sports or activities, i.e. gymnastics, dancing.There has also been evidence that anorexia nervosa is more common in higher socioeconomic classes. This finding has made it one of the few brain disorders more common with this cate........ Read more »
Goodman A, Heshmati A, & Koupil I. (2014) Family history of education predicts eating disorders across multiple generations among 2 million Swedish males and females. PloS one, 9(8). PMID: 25162402
- March 23, 2015
- 11:01 AM
- 532 views
Smoking in Pregnancy and Child Brain Development
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Smoking during pregnancy produces significant and diverse effects on prenatal development.These adverse effects include dysfunction in prenatal and early childhood brain development.Hanan El Marroun and colleagues from the Netherlands recently published an important childhood brain imaging study of smoking during pregnancy.One hundred and thirteen children exposed to tobacco during pregnancy were compared to a control group of unexposed children.Both groups of children between 6 and 8 years of a........ Read more »
El Marroun H, Schmidt MN, Franken IH, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, van der Lugt A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, & White T. (2014) Prenatal tobacco exposure and brain morphology: a prospective study in young children. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(4), 792-800. PMID: 24096296
- March 17, 2015
- 11:56 AM
- 570 views
Physical Exercise Effects on Brain EEG
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There are a variety of methods to study the effects on exercise on brain function. Brain imaging techniques such as fMRI provides a new tool to search for regional effects of acute and chronic exercise.Another tool that has received less attention is the electroencephalogram or EEG. One EEG measure of brain function is the individual alpha peak frequency or iAPF.The iAPF is positively correlated with arousal, attention and speed of information processing. Higher iAPF is linked to faster spe........ Read more »
Gutmann B, Mierau A, Hülsdünker T, Hildebrand C, Przyklenk A, Hollmann W, & Strüder HK. (2015) Effects of physical exercise on individual resting state EEG alpha peak frequency. Neural plasticity, 717312. PMID: 25759762
- February 18, 2015
- 11:53 AM
- 497 views
Exercise Guidelines in Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
A series of seven guidelines for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has recently been published.These guidelines resulted from a conference of experts in nutrition and the brain.The guidelines included a recommendation for 40 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a week.Support for this exercise recommendation by experts was linked to 2 areas of research:Observational studies show lower rates of AD in regular exercise groups compared to sedentary groupsA single clinical trial found red........ Read more »
Barnard ND, Bush AI, Ceccarelli A, Cooper J, de Jager CA, Erickson KI, Fraser G, Kesler S, Levin SM, Lucey B.... (2014) Dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of aging. PMID: 24913896
- February 18, 2015
- 07:30 AM
- 694 views
Space - It'll Mess You Up
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Extended spaceflight can wreak havoc on your body – your bones, muscles, brain and vestibular system all pay the price for exploration. And while your body might adapt to space, big problems can occur when you return to Earth gravity. You go into space as a virile astronaut, but return as fragile as a your great grandmother. ... Read more »
Finetti, F., Paccani, S., Rosenbaum, J., & Baldari, C. (2011) Intraflagellar transport: a new player at the immune synapse. Trends in Immunology, 32(4), 139-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.02.001
Conroy, P., Saladino, C., Dantas, T., Lalor, P., Dockery, P., & Morrison, C. (2014) C-NAP1 and rootletin restrain DNA damage-induced centriole splitting and facilitate ciliogenesis. Cell Cycle, 11(20), 3769-3778. DOI: 10.4161/cc.21986
Troshichev, O., Gorshkov, E., Shapovalov, S., Sokolovskii, V., Ivanov, V., & Vorobeitchikov, V. (2004) Variations of the gravitational field as a motive power for rhythmics of biochemical processes. Advances in Space Research, 34(7), 1619-1624. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2004.02.013
Fitts, R., Trappe, S., Costill, D., Gallagher, P., Creer, A., Colloton, P., Peters, J., Romatowski, J., Bain, J., & Riley, D. (2010) Prolonged space flight-induced alterations in the structure and function of human skeletal muscle fibres. The Journal of Physiology, 588(18), 3567-3592. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.188508
Rimmer J, Patel M, Agarwal K, Hogg C, Arshad Q, & Harcourt J. (2014) Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction in Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Abnormal Otoconial Development?. Otology . PMID: 25226371
- February 4, 2015
- 09:32 AM
- 489 views
Exercise in the Elderly: BDNF and Executive Function
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Exercise promotes cognitive function in children, adults and elderly individuals.The mechanism for this effect is unclear. Some of the effect may be due to a general improvement in vascular function and health.Another potential mechanism is via increased neuroplasticity mediated by neurotrophic factors.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) is a known contributor to brain neuroplasticity. Levels of BNDF can be determined with serum assays.RL Leckie and colleagues recently found support for BND........ Read more »
Leckie RL, Oberlin LE, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Szabo-Reed A, Chaddock-Heyman L, Phillips SM, Gothe NP, Mailey E, Vieira-Potter VJ.... (2014) BDNF mediates improvements in executive function following a 1-year exercise intervention. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 985. PMID: 25566019
- February 3, 2015
- 07:30 AM
- 361 views
Liver Fibrosis Starts Early After Hepatitis C Infection
by Marie Benz in MedicalResearch.com
MedicalResearch.com Medical Research Interviews and News
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Adeel A. Butt, MD, MS, FACP, FIDSA Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine MedicalResearch: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? … Continue reading →
The post Liver Fibrosis Starts Early After Hepatitis C Infection appeared first on MedicalResearch.com Medical Research Inte........ Read more »
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:, & Adeel A. Butt, MD, MS, FACP, FIDSA. (2015) Liver Fibrosis Starts Early After Hepatitis C Infection. MedicalResearch.comm. info:/
- February 2, 2015
- 11:39 AM
- 645 views
Exercise in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Growing evidence links physical activity to improved cognitive outcome in elderly individuals.Few studies have examined effects of exercise on those at highest risk for Alzheimer's disease.J Carson Smith and colleagues recently published a prospective study of a cohort of older adults using structural magnetic resonance imaging.The key elements of the design of their study included the following elements:Participants: 97 adults between the ages of 65 and 89Physical activity level: Frequency and ........ Read more »
Smith JC, Nielson KA, Woodard JL, Seidenberg M, Durgerian S, Hazlett KE, Figueroa CM, Kandah CC, Kay CD, Matthews MA.... (2014) Physical activity reduces hippocampal atrophy in elders at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 61. PMID: 24795624
- January 28, 2015
- 12:24 PM
- 316 views
Carotid Atherosclerosis Predicted by Cholesterol-Overloaded HDL Particles
by Marie Benz in MedicalResearch.com
MedicalResearch.com Medical Research Interviews and News
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dong Zhao MD.PhD Deputy Director & Professor Beijing Institute of Heart,Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital Medical Research: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Dr. Dong … Continue reading →
The post Carotid Atherosclerosis Predicted by Cholesterol-Overloaded HDL Particles appeared first on MedicalResearch.co........ Read more »
Interview with Dong Zhao MD.PhD. (2015) Carotid Atherosclerosis Predicted by Cholesterol-Overloaded HDL Particles. MedicalResearch.com. info:/
- January 26, 2015
- 10:02 AM
- 433 views
Obesity, Inflammation and Cognitive Decline
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The rate of cognitive decline with aging is quite variable. Identifying important components of this process is needed for developing interventions to reduce the burden of Alzheimer's and other dementias.Excess inflammation has been linked to obesity as well as aging-related cognitive decline.Archana Singh-Manoux and colleagues recently published a study of the association between blood markers of inflammation and cognitive decline.This study used data from the U.K. Whitehall II cohort, a g........ Read more »
Singh-Manoux A, Dugravot A, Brunner E, Kumari M, Shipley M, Elbaz A, & Kivimaki M. (2014) Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein as predictors of cognitive decline in late midlife. Neurology, 83(6), 486-93. PMID: 24991031
- January 23, 2015
- 03:25 PM
- 1,273 views
Exotic Pets: Emerging Risk Factor for Salmonellosis in Children
by Pranab Chatterjee in Scepticemia
The increasing trend of having exotic reptiles as pets may lead to an increase in reptile associated infections such as Salmonellosis, especially in the children in the household. ... Read more »
Murphy D, & Oshin F. (2014) Reptile-associated salmonellosis in children aged under 5 years in South West England. Archives of disease in childhood. PMID: 25538189
- January 23, 2015
- 01:53 PM
- 1,203 views
First Partially Successful Vaccine Developed Against Prion Disease in Deer
by Pranab Chatterjee in Scepticemia
The first partially successful vaccine against a prion disease (Chronic Wasting Disease in white tailed deer) is good news, but the journey has just begun. ... Read more »
Goñi, F., Mathiason, C., Yim, L., Wong, K., Hayes-Klug, J., Nalls, A., Peyser, D., Estevez, V., Denkers, N., Xu, J.... (2015) Mucosal immunization with an attenuated Salmonella vaccine partially protects white-tailed deer from chronic wasting disease. Vaccine, 33(5), 726-733. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.035
- January 19, 2015
- 10:09 AM
- 614 views
Mediterranean Diet and Aging
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is a growing research body of evidence to support beneficial effects of a Mediterranean diet on brain health.In previous posts I have reviewed research on the Mediterranean diet and:Cognitive DeclineAlzheimer's Disease PreventionA recent study adds an important element in potential mechanisms for the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet.Marta Crous-Bou and colleauges from Harvard University and the University of Washington published a study of the Mediterranean diet and chromosome ........ Read more »
Crous-Bou M, Fung TT, Prescott J, Julin B, Du M, Sun Q, Rexrode KM, Hu FB, & De Vivo I. (2014) Mediterranean diet and telomere length in Nurses' Health Study: population based cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). PMID: 25467028
- January 14, 2015
- 10:51 AM
- 549 views
Obesity, Inflammation and the Brain
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain inflammation produces a variety of emotional, behavior and cognitive symptoms.I remember clearly a patient I cared for with central nervous system lupus erythrematosis (SLE). With SLE flairs she developed flagrant psychotic symptoms including hallucinations requiring inpatient psychiatric care.Between flares she had no significant psychiatric symptoms.Nicole Castanon and two colleagues from France have published a review of the role of obesity-associated inflammation and brain dysfunction......... Read more »
Castanon N, Lasselin J, & Capuron L. (2014) Neuropsychiatric comorbidity in obesity: role of inflammatory processes. Frontiers in endocrinology, 74. PMID: 24860551
- January 12, 2015
- 10:56 AM
- 556 views
Dietary Grains and Heart/Stroke Mortality
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Dietary intake of whole grains and fiber shows consistent beneficial effects on a variety of health and mortality measures.In a post in 2011, I reviewed study results from the NIH-AARP cohort. That study reported reduced cardiovascular disease but not cancer in men and women with the highest fiber intake.A recent Harvard University study examined mortality risk in a group of U.S. health professionals grouped by level of whole grain intake.Participants in this study were over 118,000 men and wome........ Read more »
Wu H, Flint AJ, Qi Q, van Dam RM, Sampson LA, Rimm EB, Holmes MD, Willett WC, Hu FB, & Sun Q. (2015) Association Between Dietary Whole Grain Intake and Risk of Mortality: Two Large Prospective Studies in US Men and Women. JAMA internal medicine. PMID: 25559238
- December 15, 2014
- 08:42 AM
- 678 views
Who is Getting High in Europe (and Where)?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
My research training is in psychiatric epidemiology. Alcohol and drug dependence have been two of my topic areas of research.So I found a recent novel study of the epidemiology of illicit drug use in Europe intriguing.Typical methods of looking for the prevalence of drug use in populations are direct diagnostic interviews and studies of emergency room attendees or autopsy cases with medical complications of drug use.However, Christopher Ort from Switzerland along with a host of European col........ Read more »
Ort C, van Nuijs AL, Berset JD, Bijlsma L, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, de Voogt P, Emke E, Fatta-Kassinos D, Griffiths P.... (2014) Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 109(8), 1338-52. PMID: 24861844
- December 10, 2014
- 11:46 AM
- 583 views
Prescription Opiate Abuse: High-Risk Populations
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Prescription opiate abuse is a significant problem in the United States.I have previously written about this issue in several previous posts.One important factor for clinicians and patients is the need to identify high-risk populations that may be more vulnerable to opiate abuse and dependence.One obvious group would be those with alcohol or another non-opiate abuse diagnosis. Additionally, some psychiatric disorders are associated with increased risk for substance abuse including opiate abuse.G........ Read more »
Hackman DT, Greene MS, Fernandes TJ, Brown AM, Wright ER, & Chambers RA. (2014) Prescription drug monitoring program inquiry in psychiatric assessment: detection of high rates of opioid prescribing to a dual diagnosis population. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 75(7), 750-6. PMID: 25093472
- December 10, 2014
- 11:06 AM
- 564 views
Incentives in the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Relapse rates are high in treatment samples of adults with cocaine dependence.Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common standard of care for cocaine dependence.A recent clinical trial from Switzerland examined the use of financial prize incentives to augment standard CBT in the treatment of cocaine dependence.Sixty subjects participated in this trial with the following inclusion criteria: least 18 years of age, had a DSM-IV diagnosis of cocaine dependence with at least one po........ Read more »
Petitjean SA, Dürsteler-MacFarland KM, Krokar MC, Strasser J, Mueller SE, Degen B, Trombini MV, Vogel M, Walter M, Wiesbeck GA.... (2014) A randomized, controlled trial of combined cognitive-behavioral therapy plus prize-based contingency management for cocaine dependence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 94-100. PMID: 25456571
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