All posts; Tags Include "Clinical Research"
- September 3, 2015
- 12:00 PM
- 352 views
Brain Imaging in Football-Related Brain Injury
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The scope and mechanism of significant brain injury in football and other sports is unclear.One research challenge is the identification of early signals indicated risk for remote cognitive decline and dementia.For example, repeated concussions at age 20 with brain injury may not produce clinical cognitive deficits for 20 or 30 years. Early identification of risk and counseling of individuals may reduce trauma exposure and cognitive decline.There are no valid tests of brain imaging in high-risk ........ Read more »
Mitsis, E., Riggio, S., Kostakoglu, L., Dickstein, D., Machac, J., Delman, B., Goldstein, M., Jennings, D., D’Antonio, E., Martin, J.... (2014) Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury. Translational Psychiatry, 4(9). DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.91
- September 2, 2015
- 12:48 PM
- 549 views
Managing Fatigue in Match-Play Tennis
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The 2015 U.S. Tennis Open is in full swing and I ran into an interesting recent manuscript summarizing fatigue in tennis.Fatigue has multiple elements including changes in muscle performance, blood markers of lactic acid and other compounds as well as brain central perception factors.Long multi-set matches can last four or five hours. Obviously, at the end of this type of exertion, players have had to adjust to effects of significant fatigue.Reid and Duffield review the key elements of fatigue i........ Read more »
Reid M, & Duffield R. (2014) The development of fatigue during match-play tennis. British journal of sports medicine. PMID: 24668384
- July 21, 2015
- 12:29 PM
- 632 views
Mediterranean Diet and Alzheimer's Disease Prevention
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is an urgent need to identify strategies to prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.The role of diet as a prevention strategy is controversial. Some research evidence supports a role for a Mediterranean diet in cognitive health and dementia prevention.A recent brain imaging study adds to this evidence. Dr. Lisa Mosconi and colleagues at New York University School of Medicine completed a cross-sectional study of brain magnetic resonance imaging and diet........ Read more »
Mosconi L, Murray J, Tsui WH, Li Y, Davies M, Williams S, Pirraglia E, Spector N, Osorio RS, Glodzik L.... (2014) Mediterranean Diet and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assessed Brain Atrophy in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 1(1), 23-32. PMID: 25237654
- July 16, 2015
- 07:45 AM
- 537 views
How to Succeed at Clinical Genome Sequencing
by Daniel Koboldt in Massgenomics
Whole-genome sequencing holds enormous potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Although this approach is the only way to capture the complete spectrum of genetic variation, its application in clinical settings has been slow compared to more targeted strategies (i.e. panel and exome sequencing). Everyone talks about cost as the main contributing factor for […]... Read more »
Taylor JC, Martin HC, Lise S, Broxholme J, Cazier JB, Rimmer A, Kanapin A, Lunter G, Fiddy S, Allan C.... (2015) Factors influencing success of clinical genome sequencing across a broad spectrum of disorders. Nature genetics, 47(7), 717-26. PMID: 25985138
- July 15, 2015
- 12:32 PM
- 621 views
Fitness Boosts White Matter Integrity in Aging
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Cardiovascular fitness has been correlated with a variety of beneficial effects on brain structure and cognition.These correlations have not proven causality but they do support continued imaging and brain function studies.Scott Hayes from the VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston School of Medicine recently published an information study on this topic.Brain white matter integrity is now open for study using diffusion tensor imaging, available from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MR........ Read more »
Hayes SM, Salat DH, Forman DE, Sperling RA, & Verfaellie M. (2015) Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with white matter integrity in aging. Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2(6), 688-98. PMID: 26125043
- July 13, 2015
- 12:31 PM
- 502 views
Alzheimer's Disease: The Promise of Diabetes Drugs
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Current pharmacologic interventions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have limited effectiveness.Most of the current AD drugs available promise to slow the rate of progression but fail to reverse or prevent the disease.Novel strategies for AD drug treatment are desperately needed and one promising class of agents are the newer drugs for treatment of diabetes. How might a diabetes treatment drug potentially treat a brain disease like AD?A recent review article in World Journal of Diabetes summariz........ Read more »
Candeias EM, Sebastião IC, Cardoso SM, Correia SC, Carvalho CI, Plácido AI, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI, & Duarte AI. (2015) Gut-brain connection: The neuroprotective effects of the anti-diabetic drug liraglutide. World journal of diabetes, 6(6), 807-27. PMID: 26131323
- July 8, 2015
- 12:54 PM
- 561 views
Brain Imaging and Alzheimer's Disease Prediction
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Enhanced early detection of risk for Alzheimer's dementia and other forms of dementia is key to prevention and early intervention.Brain imaging holds promise as a pre-clinical disease risk assessment tool in Alzeimer's dementia.Dementia risk has been linked to several brain imaging abnormalities found with magnetic resonance imaging. These abnormalities have included atrophy of the brain hippocampus, medial temporal lobe as well as white matter hyperintensities.A recent study from France examine........ Read more »
Stephan BC, Tzourio C, Auriacombe S, Amieva H, Dufouil C, Alpérovitch A, & Kurth T. (2015) Usefulness of data from magnetic resonance imaging to improve prediction of dementia: population based cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). PMID: 26099688
- June 30, 2015
- 12:55 PM
- 570 views
Bipolar Disorder: Novel Clinical Trials II
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
This is the second post reviewing recent novel trials for the treatment of bipolar disorder.Again, for my sources I am using are clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed.Clicking on the study title will take you to the clinicaltrials.gov site for more detailed protocol information.Allopurinol Maintenance Study for Bipolar DisorderThis completed study examined the effect of 300 to 600 mg per day of allopurinol on mania prevention. Allopurinol is a drug used primarily for the treatment of gout or kidney ston........ Read more »
Jahangard, L., Soroush, S., Haghighi, M., Ghaleiha, A., Bajoghli, H., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2013) In a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial, adjuvant allopurinol improved symptoms of mania in in-patients suffering from bipolar disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry, 46(06). DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353345
Lauder S, Chester A, Castle D, Dodd S, Gliddon E, Berk L, Chamberlain J, Klein B, Gilbert M, Austin DW.... (2015) A randomized head to head trial of MoodSwings.net.au: an Internet based self-help program for bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders, 13-21. PMID: 25282145
Rapinesi C, Bersani FS, Kotzalidis GD, Imperatori C, Del Casale A, Di Pietro S, Ferri VR, Serata D, Raccah RN, Zangen A.... (2015) Maintenance Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Sessions are Associated with Reduced Depressive Relapses in Patients with Unipolar or Bipolar Depression. Frontiers in neurology, 16. PMID: 25709596
- June 29, 2015
- 07:55 PM
- 512 views
You may already be beating cancer
by Angela Reisetter in Steeped in Science
A look at living with disease close at hand, using a couple different papers. Living with Risk.... Read more »
Foxman EF, Storer JA, Fitzgerald ME, Wasik BR, Hou L, Zhao H, Turner PE, Pyle AM, & Iwasaki A. (2015) Temperature-dependent innate defense against the common cold virus limits viral replication at warm temperature in mouse airway cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(3), 827-32. PMID: 25561542
Martincorena I, Roshan A, Gerstung M, Ellis P, Van Loo P, McLaren S, Wedge DC, Fullam A, Alexandrov LB, Tubio JM.... (2015) Tumor evolution. High burden and pervasive positive selection of somatic mutations in normal human skin. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6237), 880-6. PMID: 25999502
Cherry, J., Liu, B., Frost, J., Lemere, C., Williams, J., Olschowka, J., & O’Banion, M. (2012) Galactic Cosmic Radiation Leads to Cognitive Impairment and Increased Aβ Plaque Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. PLoS ONE, 7(12). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053275
- June 25, 2015
- 11:42 AM
- 568 views
Bipolar Disorder: Novel Clinical Trials I
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
To finish out the bipolar disorder topic month I will review some of the novel clinical trials in this condition.Clinicaltrials.gov is a valuable resource in searching for active and recently completed clinical trials.Here are some of the rostered trials from this site related to bipolar disorder that caught my attention.Sensoril for Bipolar DisorderSensoril is the trade name for the natural product ashwagandha an herbal extract from the herb Withania somnifera. This trial was sponsored through ........ Read more »
Chengappa KN, Bowie CR, Schlicht PJ, Fleet D, Brar JS, & Jindal R. (2013) Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(11), 1076-83. PMID: 24330893
Deckersbach T, Hölzel BK, Eisner LR, Stange JP, Peckham AD, Dougherty DD, Rauch SL, Lazar S, & Nierenberg AA. (2012) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for nonremitted patients with bipolar disorder. CNS neuroscience , 18(2), 133-41. PMID: 22070469
Savitz J, Preskorn S, Teague TK, Drevets D, Yates W, & Drevets W. (2012) Minocycline and aspirin in the treatment of bipolar depression: a protocol for a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2x2 clinical trial. BMJ open, 2(1). PMID: 22357572
- June 24, 2015
- 11:02 AM
- 595 views
Bipolar Disorder Link to Rheumatoid Arthritis
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Finding links between disorders felt to be distinct is a helpful tool in understanding genetics and pathophysiology. An example would be the discovery that individuals with genetically determined elevated cholesterol levels had higher rates of cardiovascular disease. This led to drug development of cholesterol lowering agents leading to reduced rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality.A recent population-based study from a research team in Taiwan identified an increased risk of bipolar........ Read more »
Hsu CC, Chen SC, Liu CJ, Lu T, Shen CC, Hu YW, Yeh CM, Chen PM, Chen TJ, & Hu LY. (2014) Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study. PloS one, 9(9). PMID: 25229610
- June 23, 2015
- 12:11 PM
- 983 views
Bipolar Disorder Linked to Increased Dementia Risk
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
A variety of risk factors have been identified in Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia.The risk for dementia following major psychiatric syndromes in mid-life is an important research area.Renate Zilkens and colleagues in Australia recently published an informative study of psychiatric disorders and later dementia risk. This study used a population-based case control methodology.The key elements in the design of this study included the following:Subjects: General population in Western........ Read more »
Zilkens, R., Bruce, D., Duke, J., Spilsbury, K., & Semmens, J. (2014) Severe Psychiatric Disorders in Mid-Life and Risk of Dementia in Late- Life (Age 65-84 Years): A Population Based Case-Control Study. Current Alzheimer Research, 11(7), 681-693. DOI: 10.2174/1567205011666140812115004
- June 19, 2015
- 12:23 PM
- 375 views
6 Realities of Genomic Research
by Daniel Koboldt in Massgenomics
The rise of next-generation sequencing has worked wonders for the field of genetics and genomics. It’s also generated a considerable amount of hype about the power of genome sequencing, particularly the possibility of individualized medicine based on genetic information. The rapid advances in technology — most recently, the Illumina X Ten system — have made […]... Read more »
Rehm HL, Berg JS, Brooks LD, Bustamante CD, Evans JP, Landrum MJ, Ledbetter DH, Maglott DR, Martin CL, Nussbaum RL.... (2015) ClinGen--the Clinical Genome Resource. The New England journal of medicine, 372(23), 2235-42. PMID: 26014595
- June 10, 2015
- 12:58 PM
- 615 views
Brain Default Network in Psychotic Bipolar Disorder
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post I reviewed a summary of research related to genetics and improved diagnosis in bipolar disorder.One key point in this review was a highlight of the promise for integrating genetic with imaging research in bipolar disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders.An example of this type of integrated research has been recently published in PNAS by a group of Yale University, the University of New Mexico and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.This study used functio........ Read more »
Meda SA, Ruaño G, Windemuth A, O'Neil K, Berwise C, Dunn SM, Boccaccio LE, Narayanan B, Kocherla M, Sprooten E.... (2014) Multivariate analysis reveals genetic associations of the resting default mode network in psychotic bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(19). PMID: 24778245
- June 8, 2015
- 01:10 PM
- 601 views
Genetics Leading to Better Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I wanted to alert Brain Posts readers to an important new review of genetics and diagnosis in brain disorders including bipolar disorder.One hope for the emerging genetics research in mental disorders is a better diagnostic classification system.The current psychiatric diagnostic system is hampered by use of a primary symptoms and signs approach leading to messy heterogeneous groups of clinical conditions.Elliot Gerson has been a giant in neuroscience genetics for quite some time and recently pu........ Read more »
Gershon ES, & Grennan KS. (2015) Genetic and genomic analyses as a basis for new diagnostic nosologies. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(1), 69-78. PMID: 25987865
- June 5, 2015
- 11:04 AM
- 558 views
Bipolar Disorder Guidelines: NICE Update
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Clinicians treating bipolar disorder and patients with a bipolar disorder diagnosis are aided by the availability of expert opinion guidelines.In the last post, I reviewed a study that found decreased rates of suicidal behavior in bipolar patients treated with antidepressant drugs.This review prompted me to look for a recent consensus update on assessment and treatment of bipolar. One recent update came from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence or NICE. This guideline is free........ Read more »
Kendall T, Morriss R, Mayo-Wilson E, Marcus E, & Guideline Development Group of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2014) Assessment and management of bipolar disorder: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). PMID: 25258392
- June 4, 2015
- 10:58 AM
- 791 views
Antidepressants Linked to Lower Suicide in Bipolar Disorder
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Bipolar disorder is known to have a marked increased lifetime risk for suicide.There has been limited study of the effect of specific interventions in the risk of suicidal behavior and completed suicide.A recent study has added to our understanding of this topic using data from the Collaborative Depression Study or CDS.The CDS is a large longitudinal stud funded by the NIMH that enrolled a large sample of subjects with bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder and unipolar depression.Subject were ........ Read more »
Leon AC, Fiedorowicz JG, Solomon DA, Li C, Coryell WH, Endicott J, Fawcett J, & Keller MB. (2014) Risk of suicidal behavior with antidepressants in bipolar and unipolar disorders. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 75(7), 720-7. PMID: 25093469
- June 3, 2015
- 08:15 AM
- 473 views
Clinical Sequencing Data Sharing Is Essential
by Daniel Koboldt in Massgenomics
The past few decades have seen rapid advances in our knowledge of genetic diseases, which affect an estimated 25 million Americans. These advances can be quantified in things like the growth of dbSNP (now contains about 90 million validated genetic variants) and the number of Mendelian disorders understood at the genetic level (over 5,000). Some of the […]... Read more »
Rehm HL, Berg JS, Brooks LD, Bustamante CD, Evans JP, Landrum MJ, Ledbetter DH, Maglott DR, Martin CL, Nussbaum RL.... (2015) ClinGen - The Clinical Genome Resource. The New England journal of medicine. PMID: 26014595
- June 2, 2015
- 03:41 PM
- 592 views
Neurobiology of Child Neglect/Abuse: Nemeroff Lecture Notes
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I had the opportunity to attend the Warren Neuroscience Lecture presented by Dr. Charles Nemeroff in Tulsa, OK on June 2, 2015.Dr. Nemeroff has been an international leader in research in mood and anxiety disorders. His recent focus has been on the effects of adverse childhood environments on risk for adult mood and anxiety disorders. Here are my notes that summarize some of the key points from his lecture.Introduction:Stress is an important factor in understanding depressionEarly life stre........ Read more »
Heim C, Newport DJ, Heit S, Graham YP, Wilcox M, Bonsall R, Miller AH, & Nemeroff CB. (2000) Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. JAMA, 284(5), 592-7. PMID: 10918705
Heim C, Mletzko T, Purselle D, Musselman DL, & Nemeroff CB. (2008) The dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor test in men with major depression: role of childhood trauma. Biological psychiatry, 63(4), 398-405. PMID: 17825799
Binder EB, Bradley RG, Liu W, Epstein MP, Deveau TC, Mercer KB, Tang Y, Gillespie CF, Heim CM, Nemeroff CB.... (2008) Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse with risk of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults. JAMA, 299(11), 1291-305. PMID: 18349090
Saveanu, R., & Nemeroff, C. (2012) Etiology of Depression: Genetic and Environmental Factors. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(1), 51-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2011.12.001
- May 26, 2015
- 10:18 AM
- 539 views
Conduct Disorder as a Substance Abuse Risk Factor
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In this series of research reviews on conduct disorder several important findings are evident.Conduct disorder (CD) commonly evolves into adult antisocial personality disorderConduct disorder in children often presents along with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning problemsCD in childhood and adolescence raises risk for alcohol, drug and nicotine dependence.Margaret Sibley and colleagues recently published a study of CD and ADHD and later initiation and escalation of the use of........ Read more »
Sibley MH, Pelham WE, Molina BS, Coxe S, Kipp H, Gnagy EM, Meinzer M, Ross JM, & Lahey BB. (2014) The role of early childhood ADHD and subsequent CD in the initiation and escalation of adolescent cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Journal of abnormal psychology, 123(2), 362-74. PMID: 24886010
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