All posts; Tags Include "Clinical Psychology"
- February 6, 2015
- 08:46 AM
- 685 views
Do we let patients suffer needlessly?
by Eva Alisic in Trauma Recovery
PTSD treatment guidelines invariably point to trauma-focused therapies as preferred interventions. But is this trauma focus justified? ... Read more »
Benish, S., Imel, Z., & Wampold, B. (2008) The relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies for treating post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons. Clinical Psychology Review, 746-758. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.005
Ehlers, A., Bisson, J., Clark, D., Creamer, M., Pilling, S., Richards, D., Schnurr, P., Turner, S., & Yule, W. (2010) Do all psychological treatments really work the same in posttraumatic stress disorder?. Clinical Psychology Review, 269-276. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.001
- February 4, 2015
- 09:32 AM
- 608 views
Exercise in the Elderly: BDNF and Executive Function
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Exercise promotes cognitive function in children, adults and elderly individuals.The mechanism for this effect is unclear. Some of the effect may be due to a general improvement in vascular function and health.Another potential mechanism is via increased neuroplasticity mediated by neurotrophic factors.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) is a known contributor to brain neuroplasticity. Levels of BNDF can be determined with serum assays.RL Leckie and colleagues recently found support for BND........ Read more »
Leckie RL, Oberlin LE, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Szabo-Reed A, Chaddock-Heyman L, Phillips SM, Gothe NP, Mailey E, Vieira-Potter VJ.... (2014) BDNF mediates improvements in executive function following a 1-year exercise intervention. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 985. PMID: 25566019
- January 26, 2015
- 10:02 AM
- 611 views
Obesity, Inflammation and Cognitive Decline
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The rate of cognitive decline with aging is quite variable. Identifying important components of this process is needed for developing interventions to reduce the burden of Alzheimer's and other dementias.Excess inflammation has been linked to obesity as well as aging-related cognitive decline.Archana Singh-Manoux and colleagues recently published a study of the association between blood markers of inflammation and cognitive decline.This study used data from the U.K. Whitehall II cohort, a g........ Read more »
Singh-Manoux A, Dugravot A, Brunner E, Kumari M, Shipley M, Elbaz A, & Kivimaki M. (2014) Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein as predictors of cognitive decline in late midlife. Neurology, 83(6), 486-93. PMID: 24991031
- January 20, 2015
- 10:34 AM
- 958 views
Perspective-Tracking Brain Response Could Help Identify Children with Autism
by amikulak in Daily Observations
Using brain imaging to examine neural activity associated with our ability to distinguish the self from others may offer scientists a relatively accurate tool to identify children with autism spectrum […]... Read more »
Lu, J., Kishida, K., De Asis-Cruz, J., Lohrenz, T., Treadwell-Deering, D., Beauchamp, M., & Montague, P. (2015) Single-Stimulus Functional MRI Produces a Neural Individual Difference Measure for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Clinical Psychological Science. DOI: 10.1177/2167702614562042
- January 14, 2015
- 10:51 AM
- 754 views
Obesity, Inflammation and the Brain
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain inflammation produces a variety of emotional, behavior and cognitive symptoms.I remember clearly a patient I cared for with central nervous system lupus erythrematosis (SLE). With SLE flairs she developed flagrant psychotic symptoms including hallucinations requiring inpatient psychiatric care.Between flares she had no significant psychiatric symptoms.Nicole Castanon and two colleagues from France have published a review of the role of obesity-associated inflammation and brain dysfunction......... Read more »
Castanon N, Lasselin J, & Capuron L. (2014) Neuropsychiatric comorbidity in obesity: role of inflammatory processes. Frontiers in endocrinology, 74. PMID: 24860551
- December 29, 2014
- 01:11 PM
- 980 views
Smartphone Apps for the Treatment of Eating Disorders
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
As of January 2014, over 50% of adults in the United States own a smartphone; unsurprisingly, there has been a growth in the number of mobile applications (apps) aimed at providing health care services for various mental (and physical) health problems, including eating disorders. The purpose of mobile health technologies is to utilize the functionality of smartphones to deliver a wide range of health services, including providing psychoeducation, treatment services and/or recovery support.
... Read more »
Juarascio AS, Manasse SM, Goldstein SP, Forman EM, & Butryn ML. (2014) Review of Smartphone Applications for the Treatment of Eating Disorders. European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association. PMID: 25303148
- December 22, 2014
- 12:32 AM
- 794 views
Go to Bed Early and Cure Your Negative Ruminations!
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Source: Alyssa L. Miller, Flickr.For nearly 9 years, this blog has been harping on the blight of overblown press releases, with posts like:Irresponsible Press Release Gives False Hope to People With Tourette's, OCD, and SchizophreniaPress Release: Press Releases Are PrestidigitationNew research provides fresh evidence that bogus press releases may depend largely on our biological make-upSave Us From Misleading Press Releasesetc.So it was heartening to see a team of UK researchers formally evalua........ Read more »
Nota, J., & Coles, M. (2014) Duration and Timing of Sleep are Associated with Repetitive Negative Thinking. Cognitive Therapy and Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-014-9651-7
Sumner, P., Vivian-Griffiths, S., Boivin, J., Williams, A., Venetis, C., Davies, A., Ogden, J., Whelan, L., Hughes, B., Dalton, B.... (2014) The association between exaggeration in health related science news and academic press releases: retrospective observational study. BMJ, 349(dec09 7). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g7015
- December 15, 2014
- 08:42 AM
- 949 views
Who is Getting High in Europe (and Where)?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
My research training is in psychiatric epidemiology. Alcohol and drug dependence have been two of my topic areas of research.So I found a recent novel study of the epidemiology of illicit drug use in Europe intriguing.Typical methods of looking for the prevalence of drug use in populations are direct diagnostic interviews and studies of emergency room attendees or autopsy cases with medical complications of drug use.However, Christopher Ort from Switzerland along with a host of European col........ Read more »
Ort C, van Nuijs AL, Berset JD, Bijlsma L, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, de Voogt P, Emke E, Fatta-Kassinos D, Griffiths P.... (2014) Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 109(8), 1338-52. PMID: 24861844
- December 10, 2014
- 11:46 AM
- 742 views
Prescription Opiate Abuse: High-Risk Populations
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Prescription opiate abuse is a significant problem in the United States.I have previously written about this issue in several previous posts.One important factor for clinicians and patients is the need to identify high-risk populations that may be more vulnerable to opiate abuse and dependence.One obvious group would be those with alcohol or another non-opiate abuse diagnosis. Additionally, some psychiatric disorders are associated with increased risk for substance abuse including opiate abuse.G........ Read more »
Hackman DT, Greene MS, Fernandes TJ, Brown AM, Wright ER, & Chambers RA. (2014) Prescription drug monitoring program inquiry in psychiatric assessment: detection of high rates of opioid prescribing to a dual diagnosis population. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 75(7), 750-6. PMID: 25093472
- December 10, 2014
- 11:06 AM
- 736 views
Incentives in the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Relapse rates are high in treatment samples of adults with cocaine dependence.Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common standard of care for cocaine dependence.A recent clinical trial from Switzerland examined the use of financial prize incentives to augment standard CBT in the treatment of cocaine dependence.Sixty subjects participated in this trial with the following inclusion criteria: least 18 years of age, had a DSM-IV diagnosis of cocaine dependence with at least one po........ Read more »
Petitjean SA, Dürsteler-MacFarland KM, Krokar MC, Strasser J, Mueller SE, Degen B, Trombini MV, Vogel M, Walter M, Wiesbeck GA.... (2014) A randomized, controlled trial of combined cognitive-behavioral therapy plus prize-based contingency management for cocaine dependence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 94-100. PMID: 25456571
- December 5, 2014
- 08:27 AM
- 813 views
Treating Severe Anorexia Nervosa In The Community
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Can treatment for severe anorexia nervosa be delivered safely in a community setting? According to a recent paper by Calum Munro and colleagues (2014, open access), the answer is yes.
... Read more »
Munro, C., Thomson, V., Corr, J., Randell, L., Davies, J., Gittoes, C., Honeyman, V., & Freeman, C. (2014) A new service model for the treatment of severe anorexia nervosa in the community: the Anorexia Nervosa Intensive Treatment Team. Psychiatric Bulletin, 38(5), 220-225. DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.113.044818
- December 1, 2014
- 12:09 PM
- 740 views
Common Genes in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Finding a specific genes linked to specific neuropsychiatric disorders has been a key research strategy.However, this strategy has not been entirely successful.One problem with this unitary approach is the diagnostic overlap and comorbidity common to neuropsychiatric disorders such as mood disorders and autism.A promising alternative strategy is to focus on genes that share risk with more than one neuropsychiatric condition.Amit Lotan from Israel along with colleagues from the Netherlands, Germa........ Read more »
Lotan A, Fenckova M, Bralten J, Alttoa A, Dixson L, Williams RW, & van der Voet M. (2014) Neuroinformatic analyses of common and distinct genetic components associated with major neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in neuroscience, 331. PMID: 25414627
- November 26, 2014
- 11:06 AM
- 900 views
Treatment Resistance in Eating Disorders
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Clinicians treating patients with eating disorders find the challenge great with many treatment-resistant cases.To some extent, this is true of any clinical disorder. Outpatient treatment rolls and inpatient samples are over-represented by those failing to respond to initial interventions.A medical example is helpful here. Endocrinologists specializing in diabetes see more complicated cases where glucose control is difficult and diabetic complications are common.Diabetics with easy glucose contr........ Read more »
Halmi, K. (2013) Perplexities of treatment resistence in eating disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 292. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-292
- November 17, 2014
- 10:55 AM
- 895 views
Eating Disorders in Obesity: DSM-IV and DSM-5
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The recent revision of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) altered several eating disorder diagnostic criteria.Some have expressed concern that these revisions are overly broad and may result in over diagnosis in some clinical populations. One clinical population where this is a concern is obesity.A research study has been recently published addressing this issue.Jennifer Thomas and colleagues at Harvard University a........ Read more »
Thomas JJ, Koh KA, Eddy KT, Hartmann AS, Murray HB, Gorman MJ, Sogg S, & Becker AE. (2014) Do DSM-5 eating disorder criteria overpathologize normative eating patterns among individuals with obesity?. Journal of obesity, 320803. PMID: 25057413
- November 12, 2014
- 11:14 AM
- 925 views
Binge Eating Linked to Risk for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Binge eating is defined as the recurrent rapid consumption of high calorie meals accompanied by a feeling that eating is out of control.Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating paired with a purging behavior such as self-induced vomiting.Binge eating without purging is receiving increased clinical and research attention.Binge eating is a relative common component in elevated body mass index and obesity. Successful behavior and drug treatment for obesity often includes ........ Read more »
Peat CM, Huang L, Thornton LM, Von Holle AF, Trace SE, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Overby DW, & Bulik CM. (2013) Binge eating, body mass index, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Journal of psychosomatic research, 75(5), 456-61. PMID: 24182635
- November 11, 2014
- 09:34 PM
- 1,169 views
Video Gaming and Internet Addiction : Harmful or Harmless?
by Wiley Asia Blog in Wiley Asia Blog - Social Science
The more the addiction to video games, Internet and social media is increased among teenagers and young adults, the more concerned the parents become. It is where family therapists play an important role. Are video games really bad for children? How to counter addiction to social media? Researchers explored the impact for these new forms of entertainment to assist family therapists.
When researchers compared two groups of players who played massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORP........ Read more »
Jordan, N. (2014) Video games: support for the evolving family therapist. Journal of Family Therapy, 36(4), 359-370. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6427.2012.00593.x
Park, T., Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2014) Family therapy for an Internet-addicted young adult with interpersonal problems. Journal of Family Therapy, 36(4), 394-419. DOI: 10.1111/1467-6427.12060
- November 11, 2014
- 11:13 AM
- 775 views
Anorexia Nervosa: Brain Connectivity Abnormalities
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Functional magnetic resonance imaging is providing a new tool for understanding brain circuitry in normal brain development and in brain disorders. Anorexia nervosa is an restrictive calorie eating disorder often resistant to treatment.No effective drug treatment for anorexia nervosa currently exists and psychotherapy is often only partially effective. A better understanding of the brain pathophysiology in anorexia nervosa is needed to aid in treatment development.Stephanie Kullman along wi........ Read more »
Kullmann S, Giel KE, Teufel M, Thiel A, Zipfel S, & Preissl H. (2014) Aberrant network integrity of the inferior frontal cortex in women with anorexia nervosa. NeuroImage. Clinical, 615-22. PMID: 24936412
- November 10, 2014
- 10:05 AM
- 633 views
Eating Disorders Linked to Higher Autoimmune Disease Rates
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is increasing evidence for inflammation contributing to risk for a variety of psychiatric disorders.I previously summarized research supporting use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of depression.A recent study from Finland supports an inflammation link to the eating disorder categories.The key elements of the design of this study included:Subjects: 2342 subjects admitted for treatment in the Eating Disorders Unit at the central hospital in Finland. Four controls were identified ........ Read more »
Raevuori A, Haukka J, Vaarala O, Suvisaari JM, Gissler M, Grainger M, Linna MS, & Suokas JT. (2014) The increased risk for autoimmune diseases in patients with eating disorders. PloS one, 9(8). PMID: 25147950
- November 5, 2014
- 12:19 PM
- 818 views
Anorexia Nervosa as a Disorder of Perception
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
A key feature in anorexia nervosa is the disturbance in perception of the body.This perceptual disturbance is encapsulated in criteria 3 from DSM-5: "Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low weight" Santino Guadio from Italy and colleagues recently published a nice summary of the support for body image disturbance in anorexia nervosa. This study focused ........ Read more »
Gaudio S, Brooks SJ, & Riva G. (2014) Nonvisual multisensory impairment of body perception in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review of neuropsychological studies. PloS one, 9(10). PMID: 25303480
- November 4, 2014
- 10:52 AM
- 834 views
Anorexia Nervosa: Fasting and Starvation Brain Effects
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain research in anorexia nervosa presents several challenges.Current knowledge of cognitive function in anorexia supports impairment in set shifting and global brain processing or central coherence.However, there are two issues that complicate understanding the underlying brain effects in anorexia nervosa.First, individuals with anorexia nervosa often have additional anxiety and mood disorders. It can be difficult to tease out the specific effects of anorexia nervosa from the effects of these ........ Read more »
Pender, S., Gilbert, S., & Serpell, L. (2014) The Neuropsychology of Starvation: Set-Shifting and Central Coherence in a Fasted Nonclinical Sample. PLoS ONE, 9(10). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110743
Billingsley-Marshall RL, Basso MR, Lund BC, Hernandez ER, Johnson CL, Drevets WC, McKee PA, & Yates WR. (2013) Executive function in eating disorders: the role of state anxiety. The International journal of eating disorders, 46(4), 316-21. PMID: 23354876
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