All posts; Tags Include "Clinical Psychology"
- July 22, 2013
- 11:24 AM
- 355 views
Beer, Liquor and Risk for Parkinson's Disease
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There are several known protective factors in risk for Parkinson's disease including exercise, moderate coffee consumption and cigarette smoking. Rui Liu and colleagues recently examined the effect type and quantity of alcohol consumption with risk of Parkinson's disease.They examined alcohol consumption patterns in a cohort of subjects from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (over 300,000 subjects). Consumption patterns came from a questionnaire completed in 1995-1996 from a c........ Read more »
Liu R, Guo X, Park Y, Wang J, Huang X, Hollenbeck A, Blair A, & Chen H. (2013) Alcohol Consumption, Types of Alcohol, and Parkinson's Disease. PloS one, 8(6). PMID: 23840473
- July 16, 2013
- 11:40 AM
- 314 views
Multiple Sclerosis, Emotion, Cognition and Risk Taking
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain disorders can impact many cognitive domains. Additionally, pharmacological treatments for brain disorders also can contribute to impaired cognition.Understanding the effects of brain disease and treatment effects is an important component of clinical management. Simioni and colleagues from Switzerland recently published an important study of decision making in a group of individuals suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Their study design and results ........; Read more »
Simioni S, Schluep M, Bault N, Coricelli G, Kleeberg J, Du Pasquier RA, Gschwind M, Vuilleumier P, & Annoni JM. (2012) Multiple sclerosis decreases explicit counterfactual processing and risk taking in decision making. PloS one, 7(12). PMID: 23227201
- July 13, 2013
- 10:10 PM
- 361 views
The Destructive Power of Shame
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
Shame is a negative self-conscious emotion that encompasses the feeling that something is terribly wrong with the self as a human being. Feelings of shame are a prominent factor in suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and self-harm (Hastings et al., 2002; Gilbert et al., 2010). Lately I've encountered several articles saying that shame really isn't that bad for you, after all. The first theme of these commentaries is the spectacle of public shaming, and the second theme concerns private sham........ Read more »
Wiechelt SA. (2007) The specter of shame in substance misuse. Substance use , 42(2-3), 399-409. PMID: 17558937
Gilbert P, McEwan K, Irons C, Bhundia R, Christie R, Broomhead C, & Rockliff H. (2010) Self-harm in a mixed clinical population: the roles of self-criticism, shame, and social rank. The British journal of clinical psychology / the British Psychological Society, 49(Pt 4), 563-76. PMID: 20109278
Hastings ME, Northman LM, Tangney JP. (2002) Shame, Guilt, and Suicide. Suicide Science, 67-79. DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47233-3_6
- July 8, 2013
- 12:05 PM
- 444 views
Genetics of Gambling Addiction in Men and Women
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
A variety of influences appear to influence the risk of the development of a gambling addiction. There is a growing body of literature related to the brain science behind the variation of risk to engage in gambling behavior.In the next few posts, I will summarize some of the recent brain imaging research related to gambling behavior. As a preview to these posts, I would like to review a study of the role of genetic factors in gambling behavior.A relatively recent twin study of disord........ Read more »
Slutske WS, Zhu G, Meier MH, & Martin NG. (2010) Genetic and environmental influences on disordered gambling in men and women. Archives of general psychiatry, 67(6), 624-30. PMID: 20530012
- July 8, 2013
- 12:23 AM
- 411 views
Can we use Facebook to assess mental health needs after a disaster?
by Eva Alisic in Trauma Recovery
Imagine: you have just received a request to assess the mental health needs of the survivors of a large-scale disaster. What are your major challenges: Logistics? Resources? Communication? Getting an overview of who is in the area, who has been assessed, and who still needs to be? And if needs are identified, getting the appropriate services in place?
Probably all of the above. In addition, it may be dangerous to enter the disaster area altogether, for example due to radiation risk.
Theref........ Read more »
Ben-Ezra M, Palgi Y, Aviel O, Dubiner Y, Evelyn Baruch, Soffer Y, & Shrira A. (2013) Face it: Collecting mental health and disaster related data using Facebook vs. personal interview: The case of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. Psychiatry research, 91-3. PMID: 23200780
- July 2, 2013
- 10:53 AM
- 317 views
Genetics of Caffeine and Insomnia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Caffeine is commonly consumed as a mild stimulant to promote wakefulness. However, if consumed in the evening, this effect may also produce problems with sleep and onset insomnia.Caffeine-related sleep problems and insomnia vary across the general population. Some individuals appear very sensitive to the effect of caffeine on sleep while others are relatively insensitive to this effect.A twin study previously documented the role of genetic factors on caffeine-related insomnia.Byrne a........ Read more »
Byrne EM, Johnson J, McRae AF, Nyholt DR, Medland SE, Gehrman PR, Heath AC, Madden PA, Montgomery GW, Chenevix-Trench G.... (2012) A genome-wide association study of caffeine-related sleep disturbance: confirmation of a role for a common variant in the adenosine receptor. Sleep, 35(7), 967-75. PMID: 22754043
- July 1, 2013
- 12:10 PM
- 335 views
Frontal Cortex Deficit Identified in Morning Insomnia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Inferior View of Orbitofrontal Cortex in PinkIn previous posts, I reviewed a study examining the effect of worry on insomnia across the lifespan and the correlates of sleep with aging and dementia.Understanding the mechanism of insomnia is necessary to develop prevention and treatment options. One strategy for exploring mechanisms is to understand brain structural and functional abnormalities in those with insomnia.Diederick Stoffers and colleagues from the Netherlands recently published a........ Read more »
Stoffers D, Moens S, Benjamins J, van Tol MJ, Penninx BW, Veltman DJ, Van der Wee NJ, & Van Someren EJ. (2012) Orbitofrontal gray matter relates to early morning awakening: a neural correlate of insomnia complaints?. Frontiers in neurology, 105. PMID: 23060850
- June 26, 2013
- 11:56 AM
- 328 views
Sleep, Aging and Dementia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain changes with age result in changes in sleep duration and architecture.In a previous post, I reviewed a study of the contribution of worry to sleep problems across the lifespan. This study found a trend for worry-related sleep problems to decrease in those over 60 years of age. However, sleep complaints rose throughout life affecting 25 to 30% of those in their 70s.Anderson and Bradley recently published a nice summary of the sleep problems in those with mental and neurodegenera........ Read more »
Anderson KN, & Bradley AJ. (2013) Sleep disturbance in mental health problems and neurodegenerative disease. Nature and science of sleep, 61-75. PMID: 23761983
- June 25, 2013
- 11:17 AM
- 321 views
Worry, Insomnia and Aging
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Anxiety contributes to risk of sleep impairment. The anxiety disorder known as generalized anxiety disorder includes description of worry that is out of control producing impairment through physical pain and insomnia.Sleep complaints including insomnia tend to increase with age. The mechanism for this effect is unclear but may relate to physiological changes associated with brain aging.Paula Salo and colleagues in Finland, the United Kingdom and France recently published an informati........ Read more »
Salo, P., Vahtera, J., Ferrie, J., Akbaraly, T., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., Pentti, J., Virtanen, M., Shipley, M., Singh-Manoux, A.... (2012) Trajectories of Sleep Complaints From Early Midlife to Old Age: Longitudinal Modeling Study. SLEEP. DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2210
- June 17, 2013
- 12:03 PM
- 451 views
Brain Insula Signals Response to Depression Treatment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I reviewed a research summary of the potential for brain imaging to be a clinical tool in the diagnosis of brain disorders in the mood disorders domain.One of the key points in that review is the value of finding brain biomarkers for response to specific treatments.To follow up on this point, a recent research study has been published that proposes the brain insular cortex region may be key to determining specific treatment response in major depressive disorder.Helen Mayberg ........ Read more »
McGrath CL, Kelley ME, Holtzheimer PE, Dunlop BW, Craighead WE, Franco AR, Craddock RC, & Mayberg HS. (2013) Toward a Neuroimaging Treatment Selection Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder. JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.), 1-9. PMID: 23760393
- June 12, 2013
- 11:25 AM
- 369 views
Brain Imaging for Diagnosis of Mood Disorders
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain imaging holds promise for improving the accuracy of diagnosis in brain disorders falling under the psychiatric domain.No reliable and valid brain imaging techniques currently exist for the diagnosis of depression or bipolar disorder. However, research progress has been rapid.Jonathan Savitz from the Laureate Institute for Brain Research and colleagues at Harvard University and Johnson and Johnson Research and Development recently summarized the current state of knowledge in........ Read more »
Savitz JB, Rauch SL, & Drevets WC. (2013) Clinical application of brain imaging for the diagnosis of mood disorders: the current state of play. Molecular psychiatry, 18(5), 528-39. PMID: 23546169
- June 11, 2013
- 10:54 AM
- 570 views
Sleep Effects of Orexin Receptor Drugs in Insomnia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I reviewed a recently clinical trial studying the effect of an orexin receptor blocking agent in the treatment of insomnia.Orexin appears to be a neurochemical involved in arousability and motor activity. Preliminary studies suggest the orexin receptor may provide a novel target for hypnotics in the treatment of insomnia.An important question in the effects of orexin is whether the hypnotic effect of orexin simulates the same sleep effects as seen by the more studied be........ Read more »
Bettica, P., Squassante, L., Groeger, J., Gennery, B., Winsky-Sommerer, R., & Dijk, D. (2012) Differential Effects of a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist (SB-649868) and Zolpidem on Sleep Initiation and Consolidation, SWS, REM Sleep, and EEG Power Spectra in a Model of Situational Insomnia. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1224-1233. DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.310
- June 11, 2013
- 08:14 AM
- 388 views
Beyond Simple Solutions: The Need for Complex Ideas in Anorexia Nervosa
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
I often hesitate to make broad, sweeping claims about the nature, cause, and experience of eating disorders and disordered eating. However, if there is one thing I feel absolutely certain saying about these disorders, it is that they are incredibly complex and multifaceted with no “one-size fits all” solution. So, I was quite excited when I came across a recent article by Michael Strober and Craig Johnson (2012) that explores the complexity of eating disorders and their treatme........ Read more »
Strober, M., & Johnson, C. (2012) The need for complex ideas in anorexia nervosa: Why biology, environment, and psyche all matter, why therapists make mistakes, and why clinical benchmarks are needed for managing weight correction. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 45(2), 155-178. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22005
- June 10, 2013
- 07:18 AM
- 267 views
BDSM Practices Are Actually Healthy
by Andrew Porterfield in United Academics
Researcher at Tilburg University has found that instead, people who practice these behaviors in the bedroom (at least) are actually quite psychologically healthy... Read more »
Wismeijer AA, & van Assen MA. (2013) Psychological Characteristics of BDSM Practitioners. The journal of sexual medicine. PMID: 23679066
- June 6, 2013
- 10:06 AM
- 299 views
Orexin Antagonist Drugs for Insomnia Treatment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Current drug treatment approaches for insomnia have significant limitations. Benzodiazepine receptor drugs have clinical effectiveness but may contribute to morning sedation and cognitive impairment.One promising drug development target is the orexin receptor. The effect of orexin-A on arousal and sleep has been extensively studied in rat models. Injection of orexin-A into the brain in rats results in increased firing of the locus coeruleus, increased physical activity, reduced........ Read more »
Bettica P, Squassante L, Zamuner S, Nucci G, Danker-Hopfe H, & Ratti E. (2012) The orexin antagonist SB-649868 promotes and maintains sleep in men with primary insomnia. Sleep, 35(8), 1097-104. PMID: 22851805
- June 4, 2013
- 11:01 AM
- 524 views
Melatonin for Insomnia: Research Summary
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Molecular Model of MelatoninInsomnia is a common problem in the general population and is linked to greater health care utilization and increased mortality risk.Primary sleep disorder including primary insomnia are conditions that are not explained by a medical, substance use or mental disorder. Treatment options for primary sleep disorders include psychological interventions and medications. Melatonin is a commonly used drug that is available over the counter in the United States.Th........ Read more »
Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, & Bloch MH. (2013) Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23691095
- June 3, 2013
- 11:09 AM
- 278 views
Can Brain Imaging Aid in the Diagnosis of ADHD?
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain Cerebellum Highlighted in PurpleBrain imaging advances to date are predominantly within the domain of research with limited clinical utility.However, brain imaging techniques such as sensitive structural imaging methods, functional connectivity imaging, combined EEG and structural brain imaging and diffusion tensor imaging hold promise for clinical applications.An obvious application would be the use of brain imaging in confirmation of the diagnosis of brain disorders. Such methods w........ Read more »
Lim L, Marquand A, Cubillo AA, Smith AB, Chantiluke K, Simmons A, Mehta M, & Rubia K. (2013) Disorder-specific predictive classification of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to autism using structural magnetic resonance imaging. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23696841
- May 29, 2013
- 09:49 AM
- 261 views
Epidemiology of Childhood Brain Disorders: Conduct Disorder
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recently published an excellent review of the epidemiology of childhood brain disorders.In a previous post, I reviewed the findings in ADHD and in autism/autism spectrum disorder. In this post, I will summarize some of the key findings of the review for conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder share some characteristics and can be conceptualized as two disorders along a line of severity. ........ Read more »
Perou R, Bitsko RH, Blumberg SJ, Pastor P, Ghandour RM, Gfroerer JC, Hedden SL, Crosby AE, Visser SN, Schieve LA.... (2013) Mental health surveillance among children - United States, 2005-2011. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002), 62(2), 1-35. PMID: 23677130
- May 20, 2013
- 11:55 AM
- 302 views
Epidemiology of Childhood Brain Disorders: ADHD and Autism
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control has published a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology of childhood brain disorders in the most recent Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.This report produced some sensationalized headlines that up to 20% of children suffer from a mental disorder. However, I was more interested in looking at the prevalence estimates for some of the individual disorders from the report.The report collates data collected from a variety of surveys and data sets inclu........ Read more »
Perou R, Bitsko RH, Blumberg SJ, Pastor P, Ghandour RM, Gfroerer JC, Hedden SL, Crosby AE, Visser SN, Schieve LA.... (2013) Mental health surveillance among children - United States, 2005-2011. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002), 62(2), 1-35. PMID: 23677130
- May 15, 2013
- 04:50 PM
- 276 views
What RDoC Research Might Look Like
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
The month of May is a violent thingIn the city their hearts start to singWell, some people sing, it sounds like they're screamingI used to doubt it, but now I believe itMonth Of May ------The Arcade FireToday is Mental Health Month Blog Day, sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA). It's designed to:...educate the public about mental health, decrease stigma about mental illness, and discuss strategies for making lasting lifestyle and behavior changes that pro........ Read more »
Vaidyanathan, U., Nelson, L., & Patrick, C. (2011) Clarifying domains of internalizing psychopathology using neurophysiology. Psychological Medicine, 42(03), 447-459. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711001528
Dichter, G., Damiano, C., & Allen, J. (2012) Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4(1), 19. DOI: 10.1186/1866-1955-4-19
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