All posts; Tags Include "Clinical Psychology"
- September 26, 2013
- 12:29 PM
- 316 views
Notes on the Suicide in U.S. Freakonomics Podcast
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The Freakonomics podcast is about one of ten that I follow regularly. Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner have written two popular books, Freakonomics and Superfreakonomics.Levitt and Dubner utilize advanaces in statistical analysis techniques to examine important societal issues related to economics.In a recent podcast, the replayed an episode that looked at suicide. This episode is an interesting review of some of the current issues in suicide epidemiology.Here are my notes from the episode........ Read more »
Gunn Iii JF, & Lester D. (2012) Media guidelines in the internet age. Crisis, 33(4), 187-9. PMID: 22820640
Wray M, Miller M, Gurvey J, Carroll J, & Kawachi I. (2008) Leaving Las Vegas: Exposure to Las Vegas and risk of suicide. Social science , 67(11), 1882-8. PMID: 18938005
Niederkrotenthaler T, Fu KW, Yip PS, Fong DY, Stack S, Cheng Q, & Pirkis J. (2012) Changes in suicide rates following media reports on celebrity suicide: a meta-analysis. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 66(11), 1037-42. PMID: 22523342
Rihmer Z, Gonda X, Kapitany B, & Dome P. (2013) Suicide in Hungary-epidemiological and clinical perspectives. Annals of general psychiatry, 12(1), 21. PMID: 23803500
- September 25, 2013
- 11:09 AM
- 316 views
Autism, Risperidone and the Genetics of Weight Gain
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Weight gain is an key adverse event associated with many drug classes in psychopharmacology.Understanding this adverse event is important in patient selection and management.Genetics may play a key role in the risk for the type and severity of adverse events. EL Nurmi and colleagues recently published an exploratory study of the role of genetics in weight gain associated with autism in children and adolescents participating in a clinical trial. The key elements of the design of this s........ Read more »
Nurmi EL, Spilman SL, Whelan F, Scahill LL, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Arnold LE, Handen B, Johnson C, Sukhodolsky DG.... (2013) Moderation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain by energy balance gene variants in the RUPP autism network risperidone studies. Translational psychiatry. PMID: 23799528
- September 22, 2013
- 11:33 PM
- 318 views
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa in the “Real World”: What’s the Evidence?
by Tetyana in Science of Eating Disorders
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is commonly described as the evidence-based treatment for bulimia nervosa. But do the findings from nearly perfectly crafted trials, with stringently followed protocols and “ideal” participants apply to the “real world”? How generalizable are the findings from carefully selected participants to clinical populations where, for one, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities is relatively high?
In other words, CBT has been shown to be efficacious ........ Read more »
Waller G, Gray E, Hinrichsen H, Mountford V, Lawson R, & Patient E. (2013) Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa and atypical bulimic nervosa: Effectiveness in clinical settings. International Journal of Eating Disorders. PMID: 23996224
- September 19, 2013
- 10:21 AM
- 282 views
New guidelines for the treatment of ASD and PTSD in children
by Eva Alisic in Trauma Recovery
Do not use psychological debriefing when a child has been exposed to a traumatic event such as assault or a major car crash.
This is one of the recommendations of the brand new Australian Guidelines for ASD and PTSD Treatment.
What are the others, and how strong is the research backing them up? ... Read more »
Rodenburg R, Benjamin A, de Roos C, Meijer AM, & Stams GJ. (2009) Efficacy of EMDR in children: a meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 29(7), 599-606. PMID: 19616353
Salloum A, & Overstreet S. (2008) Evaluation of individual and group grief and trauma interventions for children post disaster. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 37(3), 495-507. PMID: 18645741
Trowell J, Kolvin I, Weeramanthri T, Sadowski H, Berelowitz M, Glaser D, & Leitch I. (2002) Psychotherapy for sexually abused girls: psychopathological outcome findings and patterns of change. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 234-47. PMID: 11872516
- September 17, 2013
- 07:17 AM
- 280 views
Brain Insular Cortex Function in Bulimia and Obesity
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I summarized some of the evolving research highlighting the function of the human brain insular cortex.A recent review article examined the role of the insular cortex in processes related to hunger, eating and obesity.Sabine Frank and colleagues from Tubingen, Germany published this summary in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.I will outline some of their review relevant to bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and obesity.Food Processing Role of InsulaWhile the hypothalamus plays ........ Read more »
Frank S, Kullmann S, & Veit R. (2013) Food related processes in the insular cortex. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 499. PMID: 23986683
- September 9, 2013
- 08:11 AM
- 296 views
Bulimia Nervosa, ADHD and Inattention
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Mental health clinicians struggle with understanding complex presentations when more than one psychiatric diagnosis is present.Typically, the greater the number of diagnoses, the more challenging is both diagnosis and treatment.I have previously published a study of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis in a series of subjects with a variety of eating disorders. This study found inattention as a common symptom in adults with eating disorders.However, when examining the origin of inattention, few ano........ Read more »
Seitz J, Kahraman-Lanzerath B, Legenbauer T, Sarrar L, Herpertz S, Salbach-Andrae H, Konrad K, & Herpertz-Dahlmann B. (2013) The role of impulsivity, inattention and comorbid ADHD in patients with bulimia nervosa. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23700439
Yates WR, Lund BC, Johnson C, Mitchell J, & McKee P. (2009) Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms and disorder in eating disorder inpatients. The International journal of eating disorders, 42(4), 375-8. PMID: 19040267
- September 5, 2013
- 01:59 PM
- 193 views
New Method Finds Depression Equally Common in Men and Women
by Shawn Radcliffe in Branáin
By combining traditional and alternative symptoms of depression, a new study found that roughly one-third of men and women show symptoms of depression.... Read more »
Martin LA, Neighbors HW, & Griffith DM. (2013) The Experience of Symptoms of Depression in Men vs Women: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. JAMA Psychiatry. PMID: 23986338
- September 5, 2013
- 12:14 PM
- 292 views
The Epidemiology of Eating Disorders
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Incidence and prevalence rates are two key measures in epidemiology. Incidence refers to the number of new cases over a period of time. Prevalence refers to the total number of cases in a given period of time (incidence rates plus number of previous cases).One method of examining trends in medical disorders is to look at records from physicians offices. The United Kingdom designed and uses a database known as the General Practice Research Database. This database is a powe........ Read more »
Micali N, Hagberg KW, Petersen I, & Treasure JL. (2013) The incidence of eating disorders in the UK in 2000-2009: findings from the General Practice Research Database. BMJ open, 3(5). PMID: 23793681
- September 3, 2013
- 12:06 PM
- 324 views
Brain Regions Involved in Immediate Reward Decisions
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Humans make multiple decisions in the course of daily life that lead to important outcomes.Understanding the brain mechanisms involved in reward decisions has implications across consumer behavior, gambling and drug addiction.Konstanze Albrecht from Germany along with colleagues in Austria and Italy recently published an informative fMRI study of the brain regions involved in reward decision making.Their study was aimed at examining brain regions activated during decision making while varying th........ Read more »
Albrecht K, Volz KG, Sutter M, & von Cramon DY. (2013) What do I want and when do I want it: brain correlates of decisions made for self and other. PloS one, 8(8). PMID: 23991196
- September 3, 2013
- 10:30 AM
- 265 views
Moderate Alcohol Consumption May Reduce Incident Depression
by Guillaume Cote-Maurais in United Academics
Most cultures include alcoholic beverages as part of their usual diet. Alcohol intake is different over world regions regarding the habitual type of beverage and the frequency and average intake. In general terms, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is increasing worldwide. Unipolar depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the world and it is increasing steadily.... Read more »
Gea A, Beunza JJ, Estruch R, Sánchez-Villegas A, Salas-Salvadó J, Buil-Cosiales P, Gómez-Gracia E, Covas MI, Corella D, Fiol M.... (2013) Alcohol intake, wine consumption and the development of depression: the PREDIMED study. BMC medicine, 11(1), 192. PMID: 23988010
- August 28, 2013
- 11:57 AM
- 502 views
Effects of Testosterone Deprivation on Brain Structure
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The evils of testosterone deficiency are trumpeted from the television, radio and internet on a daily basis. Some of this is driven by the pharmaceutical industry and the explosion of products available for testosterone replacement.I think quite a bit of this is overblown, but I did find a recent study on the effects of androgen deficiency on brain structure and function.Testosterone is the major androgen in men and this hormone contributes to risk of prostate cancer progression. Men with ........ Read more »
Chao HH, Hu S, Ide JS, Uchio E, Zhang S, Rose M, Concato J, & Li CS. (2013) Effects of androgen deprivation on cerebral morphometry in prostate cancer patients - an exploratory study. PloS one, 8(8). PMID: 23977199
- August 27, 2013
- 11:29 AM
- 420 views
Brain Connectivity Patterns in Depression and Schizophrenia
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The validity of psychiatric diagnostic classification is limited by lack of biological markers.One method of establishing validity of specific disorders is discriminant validity. Discriminant validity is supported when two disorders felt to be distinct have different patterns on a biological test.Depression and schizophrenia represent two key psychiatric categories. The discriminant validity of these two diagnoses are supported by distinct symptom patterns, distinct response to psychopharm........ Read more »
Yu Y, Shen H, Zeng LL, Ma Q, & Hu D. (2013) Convergent and divergent functional connectivity patterns in schizophrenia and depression. PloS one, 8(7). PMID: 23844175
- August 26, 2013
- 11:12 AM
- 352 views
Brain Imaging: Incidental Findings in Older Adults
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Sensitive brain structural imaging like MRI is being completed in more individuals throughout the world.This type of imaging is often ordered to rule out a brain-based cause for medical symptoms. Clinicians are commonly challenged to interpret brain MRI findings and to determine their clinical significance.It important to understand MRI changes in normal populations. This understanding allows clinicians to weigh the potential pathological significance for symptomatic patients.Sandeman and collea........ Read more »
Sandeman EM, Hernandez Mdel C, Morris Z, Bastin ME, Murray C, Gow AJ, Corley J, Henderson R, Deary IJ, Starr JM.... (2013) Incidental Findings on Brain MR Imaging in Older Community-Dwelling Subjects Are Common but Serious Medical Consequences Are Rare: A Cohort Study. PloS one, 8(8). PMID: 23967214
- August 20, 2013
- 11:24 AM
- 279 views
Claustrophobia Linked to Chromosome 4 Abnormality
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Claustrophobia is a fear of closed spaces commonly occurring in individuals with other anxiety disorders.Brain imaging techniques typically involve placement in a enclosed space. In the clinical setting, claustrophobia can impair brain CT and MRI imaging assessment. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine recently published an interesting study of the genetics of claustrophobia in mice and humans.They noted the glycoprotein Gpm6a, a neuronal membrane protein contrib........ Read more »
El-Kordi A, Kästner A, Grube S, Klugmann M, Begemann M, Sperling S, Hammerschmidt K, Hammer C, Stepniak B, Patzig J.... (2013) A single gene defect causing claustrophobia. Translational psychiatry. PMID: 23632458
- August 15, 2013
- 12:52 PM
- 293 views
Screening Guidelines For Postpartum Depression
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) publishes free reviews related to a variety of healthcare topics.Recently, AHRQ published an 85 page summary of their review of published studies on screening for postpartum depression.A group of leading experts in postpartum depression performed a comprehensive review of medical literature published between 2004 and 2012.They identified 45 key manuscripts for review addressing important components of the screening process.The six compon........ Read more »
Myers ER, Aubuchon-Endsley N, Bastian LA, Gierisch JM, Kemper AR, Swamy GK, Wald MF, McBroom AJ, Lallinger KR, Gray RN.... (2013) Efficacy and Safety of Screening for Postpartum Depression. AHRQ Publication No. 13-EHC064-EF. PMID: 23678510
- August 14, 2013
- 10:39 AM
- 421 views
Sleep Hygiene For New Mothers and Postpartum Depression
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Postpartum blues and postpartum depression are common and important clinical issues in the postpartum period. A contributing problem for depression risk in the postpartum period is maternal sleep disruption.A important clinical question is "Can behavioral sleep interventions for new mothers help establish more normal sleep patterns and reduce risk for postpartum depression?"Stremler and colleagues from the University of Toronto recently published a randomized clinical trial addressing this quest........ Read more »
Stremler R, Hodnett E, Kenton L, Lee K, Weiss S, Weston J, & Willan A. (2013) Effect of behavioural-educational intervention on sleep for primiparous women and their infants in early postpartum: multisite randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). PMID: 23516146
- August 10, 2013
- 06:19 AM
- 696 views
Cigarettes and cupcakes: can mindfulness meditation reduce cravings?
by PlasticJames in Plastic Brain
Life is so unfair. Trying to give up something you’re addicted to just makes you crave that thing even more, whether it’s cigarettes, alcohol or sugar. You’re caught in a Catch-22: you want to quit, but the more you try, the harder it gets to resist temptation. Perhaps the key is not to try so […]... Read more »
Yi-Yuan Tang, Rongxiang Tang, & Michael I. Posner. (2013) Brief meditation training induces smoking reduction. PNAS. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311887110
- August 6, 2013
- 12:56 PM
- 320 views
Prescription Opiates, Heroin and Overdose
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
I have previously reviewed research related to prescription opiate drug overdose including:EpidemiologyRisk FactorsToxicologyThese research studies documented the increased rates of prescription opiate drug overdose. Risk appears increased in those with other substance abuse problems and in those with significant affective disorders, PTSD or schizophrenia.Now a recent research study has been published in PLOS One examining the interrelationship between opiate overdoses and heroin overdoses........ Read more »
Unick GJ, Rosenblum D, Mars S, & Ciccarone D. (2013) Intertwined epidemics: national demographic trends in hospitalizations for heroin- and opioid-related overdoses, 1993-2009. PloS one, 8(2). PMID: 23405084
- August 5, 2013
- 11:40 AM
- 377 views
Working Memory and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Prenatal alcohol exposure is linked to a variety of structural and functional brain changes. One of the key problems in studying the effects of prenatal alcohol on the brain is teasing out direct alcohol toxic effects from potential genetic contributions.Since many heavy drinking mothers also have a family history of alcoholism, the specific prenatal toxic effects of alcohol on the brain is often unclear.Andria Norman from San Diego State University recently published the results of an fMR........ Read more »
Norman AL, O'Brien JW, Spadoni AD, Tapert SF, Jones KL, Riley EP, & Mattson SN. (2013) A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of spatial working memory in children with prenatal alcohol exposure: contribution of familial history of alcohol use disorders. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 37(1), 132-40. PMID: 23072431
- July 25, 2013
- 02:09 PM
- 375 views
Excessive, Obsessive, Compulsive? The Links Between OCD, OCPD and Excessive Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa
by Andrea in Science of Eating Disorders
Excessive exercise played a big role in my eating disorder and, predictably, I am drawn to studies that look at the role excessive exercise plays in eating disorder symptomatology, course and outcome. This topic has captured the interest of many eating disorder researchers, with studies revealing that up to 80% of individuals with anorexia nervosa may exercise excessively (Davis et al., 1997), though others suggest more modest statistics, around 39% (Shroff et al., 2006; Tetyana wrote a po........ Read more »
Young, S, Rhodes, P, Touyz, S, & Hay, P. (2013) The relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits, obsessive-compulsive disorder and excessive exercise in patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review. Journal of Eating Disorders, 16-29. DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-16
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