All posts; Tags Include "Rehabilitation"
- November 25, 2013
- 11:30 AM
- 502 views
Brain Adaption in Developmental Mathematics Disorder
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Disability in learning mathematics is a common condition affecting about 5% of the population.I have previously posted a research review on the topic of developmental mathematics disorder, also known as dyscalculia here.A recent imaging study sheds some light on some of the brain correlates of developmental mathematics disorder.Cappelleti and Price from the University College of London studied a group of eleven individuals with developmental mathematics disorder.Subjects in the study were adults........ Read more »
Cappelletti M, & Price CJ. (2013) Residual number processing in dyscalculia. NeuroImage. Clinical, 18-28. PMID: 24266008
- November 20, 2013
- 11:20 AM
- 425 views
Preterm Birth: Exploring the Link to Low Socioeconomic Status
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Previous posts in this series looked at the brain disorders linked to preterm birth including ADHD, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and learning disability. There is a strong incentive for public health prevention interventions to reduce the number and severity of preterm birth.These efforts require better understanding of the specific risk factors and mechanisms for preterm labor and birth.Known risk factors for preterm birth include:Previous preterm birthFirst pregnancyLow socioec........ Read more »
Räisänen S, Gissler M, Saari J, Kramer M, & Heinonen S. (2013) Contribution of risk factors to extremely, very and moderately preterm births - register-based analysis of 1,390,742 singleton births. PloS one, 8(4). PMID: 23577142
- November 13, 2013
- 12:29 PM
- 486 views
Preterm Birth and Childhood Brain Disorders II
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
This is the second in a series of three posts examining the role of preterm birth in later child and adult brain disorders.In a previous post, I reviewed a recent study showing evidence on increased risk for anxiety disorder, ADHD and autism in preterm birth children by age 7 years of age.In this post I want to review and comment on a large French study of outcome in a cohort of very preterm children.Marrett and colleagues summarized the key elements in the design of their research:Sample: All p........ Read more »
Marret S, Marchand-Martin L, Picaud JC, Hascoët JM, Arnaud C, Rozé JC, Truffert P, Larroque B, Kaminski M, Ancel PY.... (2013) Brain injury in very preterm children and neurosensory and cognitive disabilities during childhood: the EPIPAGE cohort study. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23658763
- November 12, 2013
- 11:14 AM
- 572 views
Preterm Birth and Risk of Childhood Brain Disorders I
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
This will be the first in a series of posts on preterm birth. Preterm birth may not seem on the surface important in brain disorders.However, an increasing body of research is showing the importance of preterm birth in later development of childhood and adult brain disorders.An important contribution to this area of research is an Australian study using structured psychiatric assessment in a series of children at age seven who had been born prematurely.The key elements of this study design inclu........ Read more »
Treyvaud K, Ure A, Doyle LW, Lee KJ, Rogers CE, Kidokoro H, Inder TE, & Anderson PJ. (2013) Psychiatric outcomes at age seven for very preterm children: rates and predictors. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 54(7), 772-9. PMID: 23347471
- October 28, 2013
- 01:38 PM
- 422 views
Epidemiology of Concussion Sequelae in High School Footballers
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The recent PBS Frontline series on concussion sequelae in the NFL is an important advance in the discussion on this important topic. Significant research is needed to better understand the risk of football-related brain injury.An additional important issue on this topic related to the interaction between sport-related brain trauma and developmental stage. Football training and full-contact games begin during elementary school in many parts of the U.S. So this is not just an NFL........ Read more »
Savica R, Parisi JE, Wold LE, Josephs KA, & Ahlskog JE. (2012) High school football and risk of neurodegeneration: a community-based study. Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic, 87(4), 335-40. PMID: 22469346
- July 17, 2013
- 01:06 PM
- 497 views
Diffusion Tensor Brain Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a relative recent brain white matter imaging technique. I have previously reviewed research related to DTI studies of white matter changes in schizophrenia and aging. DTI is moving from a research imaging tool into a potentially important clinical imaging tool.A recent research study of DTI in multiple sclerosis (MS) adds to the evidence of the clinical validity of the technique.Emila Sbardella and colleagues from Sapienza University in Italy studied........ Read more »
Sbardella E, Petsas N, Tona F, Prosperini L, Raz E, Pace G, Pozzilli C, & Pantano P. (2013) Assessing the correlation between grey and white matter damage with motor and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients. PloS one, 8(5). PMID: 23696802
- June 17, 2013
- 12:03 PM
- 623 views
Brain Insula Signals Response to Depression Treatment
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
In a previous post, I reviewed a research summary of the potential for brain imaging to be a clinical tool in the diagnosis of brain disorders in the mood disorders domain.One of the key points in that review is the value of finding brain biomarkers for response to specific treatments.To follow up on this point, a recent research study has been published that proposes the brain insular cortex region may be key to determining specific treatment response in major depressive disorder.Helen Mayberg ........ Read more »
McGrath CL, Kelley ME, Holtzheimer PE, Dunlop BW, Craighead WE, Franco AR, Craddock RC, & Mayberg HS. (2013) Toward a Neuroimaging Treatment Selection Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder. JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.), 1-9. PMID: 23760393
- May 10, 2013
- 12:04 AM
- 549 views
Wii Balance Boards for Testing Postural Control During Single-Leg Stance Tests
by Kyle Harris in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Take Home Message: The Wii Balance Board is an acceptable substitute for measuring the center of pressure during single leg stance balance tests.
While a laboratory grade force plate is the gold standard for both testing and training balance, these force plates are limited to research laboratories. Due to the importance of balance testing and training during the rehabilitation process, a cost effective, widely available and portable force plate is desirable. Therefore, Huurnink and colleagues........ Read more »
Huurnink A, Fransz DP, Kingma I, & van Dieën JH. (2013) Comparison of a laboratory grade force platform with a Nintendo Wii Balance Board on measurement of postural control in single-leg stance balance tasks. Journal of Biomechanics, 46(7), 1392-5. PMID: 23528845
- May 9, 2013
- 11:24 AM
- 532 views
Biomarkers for Psychosis and Schizophrenia Risk
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Prefrontal Cortex Highlighted in RedIdentifying valid biomarkers for psychosis and schizophrenia is an active focus in brain research.Tyronne Cannon, Ph.D. from Yale University recently presented a summary of research on this topic at the William K. Warren Neuroscience Symposium in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Here are my notes from his presentation along with related free full-text research references.Biomarker research in psychosis is important because current treatment for psychosis with the antipsy........ Read more »
Sun D, van Erp TG, Thompson PM, Bearden CE, Daley M, Kushan L, Hardt ME, Nuechterlein KH, Toga AW, & Cannon TD. (2009) Elucidating a magnetic resonance imaging-based neuroanatomic biomarker for psychosis: classification analysis using probabilistic brain atlas and machine learning algorithms. Biological psychiatry, 66(11), 1055-60. PMID: 19729150
Seidman LJ, Giuliano AJ, Meyer EC, Addington J, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Tsuang MT, Walker EF.... (2010) Neuropsychology of the prodrome to psychosis in the NAPLS consortium: relationship to family history and conversion to psychosis. Archives of general psychiatry, 67(6), 578-88. PMID: 20530007
Gee DG, Karlsgodt KH, van Erp TG, Bearden CE, Lieberman MD, Belger A, Perkins DO, Olvet DM, Cornblatt BA, Constable T.... (2012) Altered age-related trajectories of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: a preliminary study. Schizophrenia research, 134(1), 1-9. PMID: 22056201
- May 5, 2013
- 05:57 AM
- 752 views
More on 'Bugs as Drugs'
by Christen Rune Stensvold in Blastocystis Parasite Blog
A follow-up on Carl Zimmer's post in "Phenomena" (National Geographic) on 'Bugs as Drugs'.... Read more »
Hyman P, Atterbury R, & Barrow P. (2013) Fleas and smaller fleas: virotherapy for parasite infections. Trends in microbiology. PMID: 23540830
van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, Visser CE, Kuijper EJ, Bartelsman JF, Tijssen JG.... (2013) Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. The New England journal of medicine, 368(5), 407-15. PMID: 23323867
Weinstock JV. (2012) Autoimmunity: The worm returns. Nature, 491(7423), 183-5. PMID: 23135449
- April 26, 2013
- 10:51 AM
- 653 views
MRI Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease Progression
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Brain Putamen Highlighted in OrangeThe search for biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease is very active. I have summarized some of the relevant Alzheimer's biomarker research here and here.Biomarker research in Parkinson's disease has been less active.However, a recent research study published in Plos One demonstrated the potential for brain magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease.Miguel Ulla and colleagues in France conducted a prospective MRI study of 27 subjects with Parkinson's d........ Read more »
Ulla M, Bonny JM, Ouchchane L, Rieu I, Claise B, & Durif F. (2013) Is R2* a new MRI biomarker for the progression of Parkinson's disease? A longitudinal follow-up. PloS one, 8(3). PMID: 23469252
- April 17, 2013
- 12:04 AM
- 592 views
Shaking Up ACL Rehabilitation
by Nicole Cattano in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Take Home Message: Whole body vibration therapy may improve strength and postural control among post-ACL reconstruction patients as an adjunctive therapy to rehabilitation.
Deficits in strength, proprioception, and postural control are often evident post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and can last from 6-months to 4-years post-surgery. Whole-body vibration therapy (WBVT) improves balance and postural control in many populations, and if introduced early after an ACL reconstru........ Read more »
Fu CL, Yung SH, Law KY, Leung KH, Lui PY, Siu HK, & Chan KM. (2013) The effect of early whole-body vibration therapy on neuromuscular control after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(4), 804-14. PMID: 23460328
- April 12, 2013
- 12:04 AM
- 835 views
Isolation or Integration Core Exercises? That is the Question...
by Mark Rice in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Take Home Message: Exercises that elicit abdominal/lumbar co-contraction coupled with shoulder and hip activation (integration exercise) provoke greater core muscle activation than muscle isolation exercises.
It is widely accepted that a strong core will benefit the individual in sports performance, rehabilitation, and general fitness. However, knowing what type of exercises to select to aid performance and prevent injuries is absolutely paramount. While most studies have focused on isolatio........ Read more »
Gottschall JS, Mills J, & Hastings B. (2013) Integration core exercises elicit greater muscle activation than isolation exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(3), 590-6. PMID: 22580983
- April 2, 2013
- 12:04 AM
- 808 views
What’s the Answer to Low Back Pain: Back School, or McKenzie’s?
by Nicole Cattano in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Take Home Message: Back School and McKenzie exercises reduce pain and disability. McKenzie exercises may provide slightly more efficient improvements in short-term disability.
Low back pain affects many active people at some point throughout their lives. The cause and diagnosis are rarely specific and unfortunately it remains unclear which intervention program is most effective for alleviating pain and improving function. The purpose of this randomized comparative effectiveness clinical tria........ Read more »
Garcia AN, Costa LD, da Silva TM, Gondo FL, Cyrillo FN, Costa RA, & Costa LO. (2013) Effectiveness of Back School Versus McKenzie Exercises in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Physical Therapy. PMID: 23431213
- March 29, 2013
- 11:26 AM
- 527 views
Blast-related Traumatic Brain Injury and fMRI
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important research topic. Over 100,000 armed services personnel experienced a significant traumatic brain event in the last decade. A majority of these were explosion or blast-related in nature.However, standard brain imaging techniques (computed tomographay, structural MRI) typically fail to demonstrate changes following blast TBI. New imaging strategies are needed to assess severity and progression.Graner and colleagues from Wa........ Read more »
Graner J, Oakes TR, French LM, & Riedy G. (2013) Functional MRI in the investigation of blast-related traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in neurology, 16. PMID: 23460082
- March 29, 2013
- 12:04 AM
- 573 views
The Questionable Long-Term Effectiveness of Physiotherapy and Corticosteroid Injections for Tennis Elbow
by Kyle Harris in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Take Home Message: Corticosteroid injections and structured physiotherapy are not associated with improved patient-reported measures of pain and disability following one year of treatment.
With epicondylalgia, or tennis elbow, the patient experiences pain along the lateral epicondyle during gripping and wrist extension. This condition is usually treated with a combination of corticosteroid injection and physiotherapy. While the short-term effects of this treatment strategy appears favorable, ........ Read more »
Coombes BK, Bisset L, Brooks P, Khan A, & Vicenzino B. (2013) Effect of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy, or both on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 309(5), 461-9. PMID: 23385272
- March 28, 2013
- 12:09 PM
- 476 views
Football and the Blood Brain Barrier
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
A variety of research tools are being utilized to study the effect of trauma on the brain. In a previous post, I summarized some of the research using diffusion brain imaging or DTI.A recent study looked at the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a group of football players. The BBB is an important brain protective mechanism. A variety of blood proteins and other compounds have the potential to cause inflammation and other damage to neurons and other brain cells.Marchi........ Read more »
Marchi N, Bazarian JJ, Puvenna V, Janigro M, Ghosh C, Zhong J, Zhu T, Blackman E, Stewart D, Ellis J.... (2013) Consequences of repeated blood-brain barrier disruption in football players. PloS one, 8(3). PMID: 23483891
- March 6, 2013
- 12:04 AM
- 742 views
Psychological "Insight" into ACL Recovery
by Nicole Cattano in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a relatively long, arduous, physical, as well as mental process. During ACL rehabilitation, psychological interventions such as imagery, goal-setting, and modeling are effective for improving recovery (e.g., decrease pain, improve function). A novel psychological intervention not yet tested among patients undergoing ACL rehabilitation is Videoinsight, which includes a video of contemporary art selected with the intent ........ Read more »
Zaffagnini S, Russo RL, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, & Marcacci M. (2013) The Videoinsight(®) method: improving rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction-a preliminary study. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. PMID: 23361651
- February 20, 2013
- 12:04 AM
- 579 views
“Unilateral” Muscle Overuse Isn’t So “Unilateral”
by Sarah Ilkhani-Pour in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Some studies have shown that unilateral exercise can also affect the contralateral limb. For example, strength training one limb also improves the opposite, untrained limb. Additionally, many afflictions, like painful Achilles tendinopathy, present bilaterally, but the mechanism behind this is unknown. This study sought to examine whether unilateral muscle overuse will produce bilateral muscle damage and how the tissue in both the exercised and contralateral limbs compares to control.... Read more »
Song Y, Forsgren S, Yu J, Lorentzon R, & Stål PS. (2012) Effects on contralateral muscles after unilateral electrical muscle stimulation and exercise. PloS one, 7(12). PMID: 23284946
- January 23, 2013
- 12:03 AM
- 615 views
Post-surgical ACL Postural Control on Wii Balance Board
by Nicole Cattano in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Postural control may potentially be negatively affected well after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. The loss of mechanoreceptors within the original ACL may contribute to these deficits, along with many other possible factors (e.g., psychological, neuromuscular). The question remains whether postural control would further be affected while performing a secondary task, which would be more similar to when athletes return to activity post-surgery. Therefore, the purpose o........ Read more »
Howells BE, Clark RA, Ardern CL, Bryant AL, Feller JA, Whitehead TS, & Webster KE. (2012) The assessment of postural control and the influence of a secondary task in people with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees using a Nintendo Wii Balance Board. British Journal of Sports Medicine. PMID: 23268373
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