by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Not every pair of monozygotic twins have the same chromosomes. Mosaic twins can be boy and girl, yet both babies come from a single zygote. The strange part is that the tests we run to prevent IVF problems may actually contribute to mosaic twinning. And have you heard of polar body twins? They’re ½ identical twins!... Read more »
Wei, Y., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Schatten, H., & Sun, Q. (2014) Polar Bodies in Assisted Reproductive Technology: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. Biology of Reproduction, 92(1), 19-19. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125575
Gardner AJ, & Evans JP. (2006) Mammalian membrane block to polyspermy: new insights into how mammalian eggs prevent fertilisation by multiple sperm. Reproduction, fertility, and development, 18(1-2), 53-61. PMID: 16478602
Souter, V., Parisi, M., Nyholt, D., Kapur, R., Henders, A., Opheim, K., Gunther, D., Mitchell, M., Glass, I., & Montgomery, G. (2006) A case of true hermaphroditism reveals an unusual mechanism of twinning. Human Genetics, 121(2), 179-185. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0279-x
Taylor, D., Thum, M., & Abdalla, H. (2008) Dichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy with monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 13 after preimplantation genetic screening: case report. Fertility and Sterility, 90(5), 201700000-2147483647. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.095
Rosenbusch B, & Hancke K. (2012) Conjoined human oocytes observed during assisted reproduction: description of three cases and review of the literature. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology , 53(1), 189-92. PMID: 22395521
Tachon, G., Lefort, G., Puechberty, J., Schneider, A., Jeandel, C., Boulot, P., Prodhomme, O., Meyer, P., Taviaux, S., Touitou, I.... (2014) Discordant sex in monozygotic XXY/XX twins: a case report. Human Reproduction, 29(12), 2814-2820. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu275
by Bernadeta Dadonaite in The Question Gene
How the tongue of a hummingbird is a perfect example of form fits function... Read more »
Rico-Guevara, A., & Rubega, M. (2011) The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap, not a capillary tube. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(23), 9356-9360. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016944108
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Monozygotic twins share 100% of their genes. Does this make them identical? Not by a long shot. Epigenetics is the field of study that looks at how environment can change how something looks or works without changing its genes. Is epigenetics responsible for evil twin syndrome in American television?... Read more »
Spannhoff, A., Kim, Y., Raynal, N., Gharibyan, V., Su, M., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Castellano, S., Sbardella, G., Issa, J.... (2011) Histone deacetylase inhibitor activity in royal jelly might facilitate caste switching in bees. EMBO reports, 12(3), 238-243. DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.9
Kahn, H., Graff, M., Stein, A., Zybert, P., McKeague, I., & Lumey, L. (2008) A fingerprint characteristic associated with the early prenatal environment. American Journal of Human Biology, 20(1), 59-65. DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20672
Zwijnenburg, P., Meijers-Heijboer, H., & Boomsma, D. (2010) Identical but not the same: The value of discordant monozygotic twins in genetic research. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31091
Thacker, D., Gruber, P., Weinberg, P., & Cohen, M. (2009) Heterotaxy Syndrome with Mirror Image Anomalies in Identical Twins. Congenital Heart Disease, 4(1), 50-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2008.00229.x
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
The things that can happen to twins in the womb before they can be born are bizarre. Some get absorbed by their sibling and some just vanish. Two conjoined twins might grow differently and one may becomes a parasite – one boy just had a second face coming out of his chest that could smile, blink and cry. Even scarier - many of you are harboring a twin right now.... Read more »
Navaei AA, Habibi Z, Moradi E, & Nejat F. (2015) Parasitic rachipagus twins; report of two cases. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 31(6), 1001-3. PMID: 25715843
Daga, B., Chaudhary, V., Ingle, A., Dhamangaokar, V., Jadhav, D., & Kulkarni, P. (2009) Double fetus-in-fetu: CT scan diagnosis in an adult. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, 19(3), 216. DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.54890
Zahed, L., Oreibi, G., Darwiche, N., & Mitri, F. (2004) Potential trisomy 21 misdiagnosis by amniocentesis due to a resorbed twin. Prenatal Diagnosis, 24(12), 1013-1013. DOI: 10.1002/pd.918
Lakhoo, K., Ringo, Y., Sillo, T., & Drake, D. (2012) Parasitic twin within spina bifida. African Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 9(3), 240. DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.104728
by naturallyspeakingpodcast in Naturally Speaking Podcast
Are humans changing the course of evolution in wild fish populations? A new study making media waves today provides tantalizing evidence of a mechanism by which this may happen. In our new Naturally Speaking Reports, one of our editors caught up with Institute Senior Research Fellow Shaun Killen, the author of the study, to find out more about […]
... Read more »
Shaun S. Killen, Julie J. H. Nati, & Cory D. Suski. (2015) Vulnerability of individual fish to capture by trawling is influenced by capacity for anaerobic metabolism. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. info:/10.1098/rspb.2015.0603
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Man has been cloning himself for thousands of years. They’re called monozygotic twins. But how it occurs naturally is still a mystery. Identical twinning isn’t common, but is increased by in vitro fertilization techniques. Maybe this will give clues as to why one embryo splits. And if it doesn’t split completely – conjoined twins.... Read more »
Herranz, G. (2013) The timing of monozygotic twinning: a criticism of the common model. Zygote, 23(01), 27-40. DOI: 10.1017/S0967199413000257
Kanter JR, Boulet SL, Kawwass JF, Jamieson DJ, & Kissin DM. (2015) Trends and correlates of monozygotic twinning after single embryo transfer. Obstetrics and gynecology, 125(1), 111-7. PMID: 25560112
Knopman JM, Krey LC, Oh C, Lee J, McCaffrey C, & Noyes N. (2014) What makes them split? Identifying risk factors that lead to monozygotic twins after in vitro fertilization. Fertility and sterility, 102(1), 82-9. PMID: 24794318
Machin G. (2009) Familial monozygotic twinning: a report of seven pedigrees. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics, 151C(2), 152-4. PMID: 19363801
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
It’s a miracle that a human body ever works like it’s supposed to. So many things can go wrong and there’s so few ways for things to be right. Ever hear of a defect called situs ambiguus? It’s a big problem. And what’s more, when something like transposition of the great arteries occurs, it’s only a second defect that keeps the patients alive.... Read more »
Kikuchi, K. (2015) Dedifferentiation, Transdifferentiation, and Proliferation: Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Muscle Regeneration in Zebrafish. Current Pathobiology Reports, 3(1), 81-88. DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0063-5
Yousif, M., Elhassan, N., Ali, S., & Ahmed, Y. (2013) Isolated subpulmonic fibrous ring, mirror-image dextrocardia and situs solitus in a young lady unreported and a near miss. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, 17(6), 1043-1044. DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt278
Anderson, R., Brown, N., Meno, C., & Spicer, D. (2015) The importance of being isomeric. Clinical Anatomy, 28(4), 477-486. DOI: 10.1002/ca.22517
Loomba RS, Hlavacek AM, Spicer DE, & Anderson RH. (2015) Isomerism or heterotaxy: which term leads to better understanding?. Cardiology in the young, 1-7. PMID: 26088959
by TakFurTheKaffe in Tak Fur The Kaffe
New evidence has emerged, reporting cultural differences between neighbouring groups of chimps in Uganda – raising more questions as to what really distinguishes us from our closest living relatives. ... Read more »
Koops, K., Schöning, C., Isaji, M., & Hashimoto, C. (2015) Cultural differences in ant-dipping tool length between neighbouring chimpanzee communities at Kalinzu, Uganda. Scientific Reports, 12456. DOI: 10.1038/srep12456
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Do you know where your heart is located? Do you know exactly? Maybe not. It isn’t where most people think it is, and in some people it’s on the opposite side. Situs inversus is a mirror imaging of internal organs, and it’s caused by a faulty motorboat rotor on the embryo.... Read more »
Babu, D., & Roy, S. (2013) Left-right asymmetry: cilia stir up new surprises in the node. Open Biology, 3(5), 130052-130052. DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130052
Nonaka S, Yoshiba S, Watanabe D, Ikeuchi S, Goto T, Marshall WF, & Hamada H. (2005) De novo formation of left-right asymmetry by posterior tilt of nodal cilia. PLoS biology, 3(8). PMID: 16035921
Shiratori H, & Hamada H. (2014) TGFβ signaling in establishing left-right asymmetry. Seminars in cell , 80-4. PMID: 24704359
Resteghini, N., Nielsen, J., Hoimes, M., & Karam, A. (2014) Delayed splenic rupture presenting 70 days following blunt abdominal trauma. Clinical Imaging, 38(1), 73-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2013.09.003
by GrrlScientist in Maniraptora
SUMMARY: Recent research suggests that the commonly prescribed psychiatric drug, Prozac, occurs at environmentally relevant concentrations that can significantly alter behaviour and physiology in wild birds .. Read more... Read more »
Bean, T., Boxall, A., Lane, J., Herborn, K., Pietravalle, S., & Arnold, K. (2014) Behavioural and physiological responses of birds to environmentally relevant concentrations of an antidepressant. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1656), 20130575-20130575. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0575
Crockett, M., Siegel, J., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Ousdal, O., Story, G., Frieband, C., Grosse-Rueskamp, J., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. (2015) Dissociable Effects of Serotonin and Dopamine on the Valuation of Harm in Moral Decision Making. Current Biology, 25(14), 1852-1859. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.021
Markman, S., Müller, C., Pascoe, D., Dawson, A., & Buchanan, K. (2011) Pollutants affect development in nestling starlings Sturnus vulgaris. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(2), 391-397. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01931.x
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
A woman’s right ovary kicks her left ovary’s behind. It puts out more hormones and more pregnancies result from right-sided ovulations than from left-sided ovulations. And there’s none of this right-left stuff you’ve been taught, the ovaries don’t have to take turns ovulating every other month. In fact, a study showed that the best chance for pregnancy is if the ovulation pattern is left-left-right over a three-cycle interval. ... Read more »
Cowell, P., Ledger, W., Wadnerkar, M., Skilling, F., & Whiteside, S. (2011) Hormones and dichotic listening: Evidence from the study of menstrual cycle effects. Brain and Cognition, 76(2), 256-262. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.03.010
Rodler D, Stein K, & Korbel R. (2015) Observations on the right ovary of birds of prey: a histological and immunohistochemical study. Anatomia, histologia, embryologia, 44(3), 168-77. PMID: 24895012
Zheng, X., O’Connor, J., Huchzermeyer, F., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, M., & Zhou, Z. (2013) Preservation of ovarian follicles reveals early evolution of avian reproductive behaviour. Nature, 495(7442), 507-511. DOI: 10.1038/nature11985
Fukuda, M. (2000) Right-sided ovulation favours pregnancy more than left-sided ovulation. Human Reproduction, 15(9), 1921-1926. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.9.1921
Ecochard, R. (2000) Side of ovulation and cycle characteristics in normally fertile women. Human Reproduction, 15(4), 752-755. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.4.752
Fukuda, M., Fukuda, K., Tatsumi, K., Shimizu, T., Nobunaga, M., Byskov, A., & Yding Andersen, C. (2011) The ovulation pattern during three consecutive menstrual cycles has a significant impact on pregnancy rate and sex of the offspring. Fertility and Sterility, 95(8), 2545-2547. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.02.010
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
The neuroendocrine system has lots of exceptions, and this includes the male testes. Just why are they housed outside the main body cavities where they are vulnerable to all sorts of dangers, including your siblings’ kicks? You may think you know, but you probably have only part of the answer. Why is one bigger than the other and why do some animals only have one? ... Read more »
Davenport, J., Jones, T., Work, T., & Balazs, G. (2014) Pink spot, white spot: The pineal skylight of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761) skull and its possible role in the phenology of feeding migrations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.008
Kumar, A., & Kumar, C. (2008) Swinging high and low: Why do the testes hang at different levels? A theory on surface area and thermoregulation. Medical Hypotheses, 70(3), 698. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.06.023
Bogaert, A. (1997) Genital asymmetry in men. Human Reproduction, 12(1), 68-72. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.1.68
Will, K., Liebherr, J., Maddison, D., & Gali�n, J. (2005) Absence asymmetry: The evolution of monorchid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae). Journal of Morphology, 264(1), 75-93. DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10319
Mascaro, J., Hackett, P., & Rilling, J. (2013) Testicular volume is inversely correlated with nurturing-related brain activity in human fathers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(39), 15746-15751. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305579110
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Your endocrine glands are stimulated or suppressed by hormones. They in turn dump hormones into the blood. Blood goes everywhere equally. So why is your left adrenal gland bigger than your right? And why is the size difference larger in domesticated foxes as opposed to wild foxes? For that matter, why is the size of the right lobe of your thyroid gland depend on which hand you use to write!?... Read more »
Ying M, & Yung DM. (2009) Asymmetry of thyroid lobe volume in normal Chinese subjects: association with handedness and position of esophagus. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 292(2), 169-74. PMID: 19051270
Trut LN, Prasolova LA, Kharlamova AV, & Plyusnina IZ. (2002) Directional left-sided asymmetry of adrenals in experimentally domesticated animals. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 133(5), 506-9. PMID: 12420075
Rizhova, L., & Kokorina, E. (2005) Behavioural asymmetry is involved in regulation of autonomic processes: Left side presentation of food improves reproduction and lactation in cows. Behavioural Brain Research, 161(1), 75-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.01.007
Hojaij, F., Vanderlei, F., Plopper, C., Rodrigues, C., Jácomo, A., Cernea, C., Oliveira, L., Marchi, L., & Brandão, L. (2011) Parathyroid gland anatomical distribution and relation to anthropometric and demographic parameters: a cadaveric study. Anatomical Science International, 86(4), 204-212. DOI: 10.1007/s12565-011-0111-0
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
It’s hard to believe, but part of your brain – the part that controls your body systems – actually comes from your mouth! What’s more, that same part of the brain talks to cells in your lungs that can smell what you breathe in and may have something to do with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.... Read more »
Gu, X., Karp, P., Brody, S., Pierce, R., Welsh, M., Holtzman, M., & Ben-Shahar, Y. (2014) Chemosensory Functions for Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 50(3), 637-646. DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0199OC
Song, H., Yao, E., Lin, C., Gacayan, R., Chen, M., & Chuang, P. (2012) Functional characterization of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in lung development, injury, and tumorigenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(43), 17531-17536. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207238109
Porzionato A, Macchi V, Parenti A, Matturri L, & De Caro R. (2008) Peripheral chemoreceptors: postnatal development and cytochemical findings in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Histology and histopathology, 23(3), 351-65. PMID: 18072092
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Most people think that because they have a pair of lungs, they must be symmetrical – but they’re far from it. The Fibonacci sequence has a lot to do with structural asymmetries in the lungs. On the other hand, some animals have only one lung, some have three lungs, and some have no lungs at all.... Read more »
Wilkinson M, Kok PJ, Ahmed F, & Gower DJ. (2014) Caecilita Wake . Zootaxa, 383-8. PMID: 24871732
Bickford, D., Iskandar, D., & Barlian, A. (2008) A lungless frog discovered on Borneo. Current Biology, 18(9). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.010
van Soldt, B., Metscher, B., Poelmann, R., Vervust, B., Vonk, F., Müller, G., & Richardson, M. (2015) Heterochrony and Early Left-Right Asymmetry in the Development of the Cardiorespiratory System of Snakes. PLoS ONE, 10(1). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116416
Goldberger AL, West BJ, Dresselhaus T, & Bhargava V. (1985) Bronchial asymmetry and Fibonacci scaling. Experientia, 41(12), 1537-8. PMID: 4076397
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Take a quick look at the human brain and it seems very symmetrical. Well, it’s not. Which hand you use can help determine just how symmetrical your brain actually is, and for some people that’s really important – they were born with only half a brain!... Read more »
Ocklenburg S, Ball A, Wolf CC, Genç E, & Güntürkün O. (2015) Functional Cerebral Lateralization and Interhemispheric Interaction in Patients With Callosal Agenesis. Neuropsychology. PMID: 25798664
Rogers, L., Zucca, P., & Vallortigara, G. (2004) Advantages of having a lateralized brain. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271(Suppl_6). DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0200
Muckli, L., Naumer, M., & Singer, W. (2009) Bilateral visual field maps in a patient with only one hemisphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(31), 13034-13039. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0809688106
Baizer, J. (2014) Unique Features of the Human Brainstem and Cerebellum. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00202
by Andrea Vucicevic in genome ecology evolution etc
Introduction Darwin’s finches from Galapagos and Cocos Island are classic example of young adaptive radiation, entirely intact because none of the species having become extinct as a result of human activity. They have diversified in beak sizes and shapes, feeding … Continue reading →... Read more »
Lamichhaney, S., Berglund, J., Almén, M., Maqbool, K., Grabherr, M., Martinez-Barrio, A., Promerová, M., Rubin, C., Wang, C., Zamani, N.... (2015) Evolution of Darwin’s finches and their beaks revealed by genome sequencing. Nature, 518(7539), 371-375. DOI: 10.1038/nature14181
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Fiddler crabs are an evolutionary marvel. Their major claw is huge, it plays a role in mate selection, but not just in the way you’d think.
Some species are right-clawed and some can have the major claw on either side, but if they lose one and grow it back, the major claw might switch sides! The new major claw isn’t as good for fighting, so he fakes being strong and tries to win without fighting.
... Read more »
Backwell, P., Matsumasa, M., Double, M., Roberts, A., Murai, M., Keogh, J., & Jennions, M. (2007) What are the consequences of being left-clawed in a predominantly right-clawed fiddler crab?. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1626), 2723-2729. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0666
Milner, R., Jennions, M., & Backwell, P. (2011) Keeping up appearances: male fiddler crabs wave faster in a crowd. Biology Letters, 8(2), 176-178. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0926
Reaney, L., & Backwell, P. (2007) Temporal constraints and female preference for burrow width in the fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61(10), 1515-1521. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-007-0383-5
Imafuku, M. (1994) Response of hermit crabs to sinistral shells. Journal of Ethology, 12(2), 107-114. DOI: 10.1007/BF02350055
by Bernadeta Dadonaite in The Question Gene
How contagious behaviour spreads in schooling fish... Read more »
Rosenthal SB, Twomey CR, Hartnett AT, Wu HS, & Couzin ID. (2015) Revealing the hidden networks of interaction in mobile animal groups allows prediction of complex behavioral contagion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(15), 4690-5. PMID: 25825752
by Jente Ottenburghs in Evolutionary Stories
The endangered Golden-winged Warbler can be conserved by fire management.... Read more »
King, R., Boysen, J., Brenneman, J., Cong, R., & Hunter, T. (2015) Fire created habitat partitioning and isolation between hybridizing warblers. Ecosphere, 6(3). DOI: 10.1890/ES14-00320.1
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