All posts; Tags Include "Pharmacology"
- January 28, 2014
- 06:38 AM
- 755 views
Geneticaly developed toxin destroy HIV carrying lymphocytes
by B V Waghmare in HIV virus and antiretroviral drugs and antiAIDS vaccine research and developmets
Drug that destroy HIV carrying lymphocytes; can impart complete treatment so that patient will not have to take antiretroviral drugs through out life as after certain period after attaining nill HIV count discontinuation of antiretroviral drug therapy there will be no hidden HIV virus in human body cells lymphocytes that relapse HIV infection and reproduce HIV count. ... Read more »
B V Waghmare. (2014) Drug that destroy HIV carrying lymphocytes; will result in complete treatment that will not require to taking antiretroviral drugs through out life. . http://bvwaghmare.blogspot.com. info:/
- January 8, 2014
- 08:15 AM
- 823 views
Exercise Puts Me To Sleep – You Too
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
A New Year’s resolution to exercise could also help you sleep. But how? Sheer exhaustion is one way and reducing stress is another, but there is much more. Research is showing that exercise can induce sleep in the anterior hypothalamus and preoptic nucleus by either manipulation the temperature of the body or by modulating cytokine levels. Studies indicate that decreased temperature after exercise stimulate the brain to inhibit wakefulness signals modulated by orexin/hypocretin. Additional........ Read more »
Vivanco P, Studholme KM, & Morin LP. (2013) Drugs that prevent mouse sleep also block light-induced locomotor suppression, circadian rhythm phase shifts and the drop in core temperature. Neuroscience, 98-109. PMID: 24056197
Robey E, Dawson B, Halson S, Gregson W, King S, Goodman C, & Eastwood P. (2013) Effect of evening postexercise cold water immersion on subsequent sleep. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 45(7), 1394-402. PMID: 23377833
Santos RV, Viana VA, Boscolo RA, Marques VG, Santana MG, Lira FS, Tufik S, & de Mello MT. (2012) Moderate exercise training modulates cytokine profile and sleep in elderly people. Cytokine, 60(3), 731-5. PMID: 22917967
España RA, McCormack SL, Mochizuki T, & Scammell TE. (2007) Running promotes wakefulness and increases cataplexy in orexin knockout mice. Sleep, 30(11), 1417-25. PMID: 18041476
- December 18, 2013
- 08:15 AM
- 901 views
Snow Saves Lives
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Tis the season for snow in the northern hemisphere – on the ground and in the mind of the biologist. Recent studies are showing the unique ways that organisms depend on and use snow in order to survive. An antifreeze protein from snow fleas may lengthen the time that organs can be stored for transplant. More amazing, reindeer use the UV rays that bounce of the snow to see predators – they are the only mammals that can see in the UV range.... Read more »
Hogg C, Neveu M, Stokkan KA, Folkow L, Cottrill P, Douglas R, Hunt DM, & Jeffery G. (2011) Arctic reindeer extend their visual range into the ultraviolet. The Journal of experimental biology, 214(Pt 12), 2014-9. PMID: 21613517
Kondo H, Hanada Y, Sugimoto H, Hoshino T, Garnham CP, Davies PL, & Tsuda S. (2012) Ice-binding site of snow mold fungus antifreeze protein deviates from structural regularity and high conservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(24), 9360-5. PMID: 22645341
Pentelute BL, Gates ZP, Dashnau JL, Vanderkooi JM, & Kent SB. (2008) Mirror image forms of snow flea antifreeze protein prepared by total chemical synthesis have identical antifreeze activities. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(30), 9702-7. PMID: 18598026
Kuwabara C, Takezawa D, Shimada T, Hamada T, Fujikawa S, & Arakawa K. (2002) Abscisic acid- and cold-induced thaumatin-like protein in winter wheat has an antifungal activity against snow mould, Microdochium nivale. Physiologia plantarum, 115(1), 101-110. PMID: 12010473
- December 16, 2013
- 10:14 AM
- 820 views
Genetic Factors Contribute to Being Skinny
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
An increasing body of research supports a genetic contribution to obesity.However, relatively few genetic studies of the opposite or lean phenotype have been done.The lean phenotype is important to study because being very underweight is linked to mortality risk and several clinical disorders including anorexia nervosa.Typically, I review neuroscience research manuscripts from other scientists in Brain Posts.Today I want to summarize some of my own research published recently in the journal PLOS........ Read more »
Yates WR, Johnson C, McKee P, Cannon-Albright LA. (2013) Genetic Analysis of Low BMI Phenotype in the Utah Population Database. PLOS One. info:/10.1371/journal.pone.0080287
- November 20, 2013
- 06:00 PM
- 1,094 views
Is Earlier Better for Therapeutic Hypothermia? Part I
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
When is the right time to begin TH (Therapeutic Hypothermia) to produce the best outcomes?
In the ICU (Intensive Care Unit)?
In the ED (Emergency Department)?
In the ambulance?
While the patient is still pulseless?
This question was asked in 2010.... Read more »
Bernard SA, Smith K, Cameron P, Masci K, Taylor DM, Cooper DJ, Kelly AM, Silvester W, & Rapid Infusion of Cold Hartmanns (RICH) Investigators. (2010) Induction of therapeutic hypothermia by paramedics after resuscitation from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation, 122(7), 737-42. PMID: 20679551
- October 29, 2013
- 07:02 PM
- 1,736 views
Bridging Study in Clinical Trials: Definition, History, and Importance
by Imtiaz Ibne Alam in Medical-Reference - A Pioneer in Medical Blogging
In today’s economic environment, globalization of pharmaceutical products has turned into the key to success for drug manufacturers. Investors in new drug development are therefore required to do more at less cost and faster rate now. However, sponsors are facing a new challenge due to ethnic factors, as the pharmacodynamic or clinical data in the original population could vary with the population in the new region. ... Read more »
Liu JP, & Chow SC. (2002) Bridging studies in clinical development. Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics, 12(3), 359-67. PMID: 12448577
- October 22, 2013
- 08:20 AM
- 909 views
New Drug Reduces Negative Memory
by Jason Carr in Wired Cosmos
Through analysis of the human genome, Basle scientists have identified molecules and compounds that are related to human memory. In a subsequent pharmacological study with one of the identified compounds, the scientists found a drug-induced reduction of aversive memory. This could have implications for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, which is characterized by intrusive … Read More →... Read more »
A. Papassotiropoulos, et. al. (2013) Human genome-guided identification of memory-modulating drugs. PNAS. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314478110
- October 16, 2013
- 08:30 PM
- 1,456 views
Dying to know about Dientamoeba?
by Christen Rune Stensvold in Blastocystis Parasite Blog
Similar to Blastocystis, Dientamoeba fragilis is a very common parasite in countries where other intestinal parasites are of low endemic occurrence. We are exploring the clinical significance of these parasites.... Read more »
Engsbro AL, Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, & Bytzer P. (2012) Treatment of Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 87(6), 1046-52. PMID: 23091195
Ogren J, Dienus O, Löfgren S, Iveroth P, & Matussek A. (2013) Dientamoeba fragilis DNA detection in Enterobius vermicularis eggs. Pathogens and disease. PMID: 23893951
Johnson EH, Windsor JJ, & Clark CG. (2004) Emerging from obscurity: biological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis. Clinical microbiology reviews, 17(3), 553. PMID: 15258093
Stark DJ, Beebe N, Marriott D, Ellis JT, & Harkness J. (2006) Dientamoebiasis: clinical importance and recent advances. Trends in parasitology, 22(2), 92-6. PMID: 16380293
Röser D, Nejsum P, Carlsgart AJ, Nielsen HV, & Stensvold CR. (2013) DNA of Dientamoeba fragilis detected within surface-sterilized eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. Experimental parasitology, 133(1), 57-61. PMID: 23116599
Röser D, Simonsen J, Nielsen HV, Stensvold CR, & Mølbak K. (2013) Dientamoeba fragilis in Denmark: epidemiological experience derived from four years of routine real-time PCR. European journal of clinical microbiology , 32(10), 1303-10. PMID: 23609513
Stark D, Barratt J, Roberts T, Marriott D, Harkness J, & Ellis J. (2010) A review of the clinical presentation of dientamoebiasis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 82(4), 614-9. PMID: 20348509
Stensvold CR, Clark CG, & Röser D. (2013) Limited intra-genetic diversity in Dientamoeba fragilis housekeeping genes. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 284-6. PMID: 23681023
Stensvold CR, Lewis HC, Hammerum AM, Porsbo LJ, Nielsen SS, Olsen KE, Arendrup MC, Nielsen HV, & Mølbak K. (2009) Blastocystis: unravelling potential risk factors and clinical significance of a common but neglected parasite. Epidemiology and infection, 137(11), 1655-63. PMID: 19393117
- October 9, 2013
- 12:37 PM
- 755 views
Stress, Antidepressants and Cardiovascular Function
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
There is increased interest in the relationship between mood and anxiety disorders and cardiovascular function.Presence of depression appears to be an independent risk factor for the future development of cardiovascular disease.Patients with depression and myocardial infarction demonstrate increased risk for future cardiac events including cardiac death.The exact mechanism for the interaction of depression and cardiovascular function is unclear. Depression appears to be associated with a f........ Read more »
Hanson CS, Outhred T, Brunoni AR, Malhi GS, & Kemp AH. (2013) The impact of escitalopram on vagally mediated cardiovascular function to stress and the moderating effects of vigorous physical activity: a randomized controlled treatment study in healthy participants. Frontiers in physiology, 259. PMID: 24069000
- October 3, 2013
- 04:34 PM
- 1,650 views
Exhibitionism in Medical Education: The Brindley Lecture – Heralding A Sexual Revolution
by Pranab Chatterjee in Scepticemia
The first boom in treatment for male erectile dysfunction came in the 1920s and 1930 when the Russian-origin French surgeon Serge Abramovitch Voronoff started to prescribe surgical implantation of monkey testicles in the human scrotum to augment sexual prowess. This gained quite a bit of fan following for a couple of decades and brough Voronoff […]... Read more »
Klotz L. (2005) How (not) to communicate new scientific information: a memoir of the famous Brindley lecture. BJU international, 96(7), 956-7. PMID: 16225508
- September 25, 2013
- 11:09 AM
- 722 views
Autism, Risperidone and the Genetics of Weight Gain
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
Weight gain is an key adverse event associated with many drug classes in psychopharmacology.Understanding this adverse event is important in patient selection and management.Genetics may play a key role in the risk for the type and severity of adverse events. EL Nurmi and colleagues recently published an exploratory study of the role of genetics in weight gain associated with autism in children and adolescents participating in a clinical trial. The key elements of the design of this s........ Read more »
Nurmi EL, Spilman SL, Whelan F, Scahill LL, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Arnold LE, Handen B, Johnson C, Sukhodolsky DG.... (2013) Moderation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain by energy balance gene variants in the RUPP autism network risperidone studies. Translational psychiatry. PMID: 23799528
- September 4, 2013
- 10:00 PM
- 917 views
Unreasonable Fear of Hypotension and High-Dose NTG - Part II
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
Continuing from Part I to look at the results of the study of high-dose SL (SubLingual) NTG (NiTroGlycerin – GTN GlycerylTriNitrate in Commonwealth countries) by EMS for CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) that Peter Canning wrote about.[1]
For CHF, more NTG does not produce more of a drop in blood pressure.
If you disagree, provide evidence.... Read more »
Clemency BM, Thompson JJ, Tundo GN, & Lindstrom HA. (2013) Prehospital High-dose Sublingual Nitroglycerin Rarely Causes Hypotension. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 1-4. PMID: 23962769
- September 4, 2013
- 08:20 AM
- 1,005 views
Three Lefts Make A Right
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
Homochirality demands that L-amino acids are used in biologic systems. However, new research in many areas is showing how D-amino acids contribute to life. D-amino acids are incorporated into lipoproteins of many bacteria, and can control the production and dissolution of biofilms as bacterial populations age and use up resources. Other research is highlighting the importance of D-amino acids in neural networks in humans. When dysregulated, D-serine and D-aspartic acid contribute to diseases suc........ Read more »
Lam H, Oh DC, Cava F, Takacs CN, Clardy J, de Pedro MA, Waldor MK. (2009) D-amino Acids Govern Stationary Phase Cell Wall Re-Modeling in Bacteria. Science, 18(325), 1552-1555. DOI: 10.1126/science.1178123
Kolodkin-Gal I, Romero D, Cao S, Clardy J, Kolter R, Losick R. (2010) D-Amino Acids Trigger Biofilm Disassembly. Science, 328(5978), 627-629. DOI: 10.1126/science.1188628
Sasabe J, Miyoshi Y, Suzuki M, Mita M, Konno R, Matsuoka M, Hamase K, Aiso S. (2012) D-amino acid oxidase controls motoneuron degeneration through D-serine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. , 109(2), 627-32. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114639109
Simanski M, Gläser R, Köten B, Meyer-Hoffert U, Wanner S, Weidenmaier C, Peschel A, & Harder J. (2013) Staphylococcus aureus subverts cutaneous defense by d-alanylation of teichoic acids. Experimental dermatology, 22(4), 294-6. PMID: 23528217
Errico F, Napolitano F, Squillace M, Vitucci D, Blasi G, de Bartolomeis A, Bertolino A, D'Aniello A, & Usiello A. (2013) Decreased levels of d-aspartate and NMDA in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of patients with schizophrenia. Journal of psychiatric research. PMID: 23835041
- August 29, 2013
- 05:20 PM
- 1,037 views
Unreasonable Fear of Hypotension and High-Dose NTG - Part I
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
Peter Canning writes about a study of high-dose sublingual nitroglycerin by EMS for congestive heart failure.[1]
I have some problems with the study.
The doses are not high doses.... Read more »
Clemency BM, Thompson JJ, Tundo GN, & Lindstrom HA. (2013) Prehospital High-dose Sublingual Nitroglycerin Rarely Causes Hypotension. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 1-4. PMID: 23962769
Bertini G, Giglioli C, Biggeri A, Margheri M, Simonetti I, Sica ML, Russo L, & Gensini G. (1997) Intravenous nitrates in the prehospital management of acute pulmonary edema. Annals of emergency medicine, 30(4), 493-9. PMID: 9326864
- August 28, 2013
- 11:57 AM
- 1,098 views
Effects of Testosterone Deprivation on Brain Structure
by William Yates, M.D. in Brain Posts
The evils of testosterone deficiency are trumpeted from the television, radio and internet on a daily basis. Some of this is driven by the pharmaceutical industry and the explosion of products available for testosterone replacement.I think quite a bit of this is overblown, but I did find a recent study on the effects of androgen deficiency on brain structure and function.Testosterone is the major androgen in men and this hormone contributes to risk of prostate cancer progression. Men with ........ Read more »
Chao HH, Hu S, Ide JS, Uchio E, Zhang S, Rose M, Concato J, & Li CS. (2013) Effects of androgen deprivation on cerebral morphometry in prostate cancer patients - an exploratory study. PloS one, 8(8). PMID: 23977199
- August 21, 2013
- 08:20 AM
- 978 views
Life Is Elemental
by Mark Lasbury in As Many Exceptions As Rules
More than half the genes in you can be found in a banana. Mammalian biochemistry and that of a fungus is remarkable similar. This is true because we come from a common ancestor, and that ancestor was made of biomolecules that have been conserved. Biomolecules themselves are common to all life because they are based on the same elements; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
But these are just the most common elements of life. Life on Earth requires at least two dozen ot........ Read more »
Tobe R, Naranjo-Suarez S, Everley RA, Carlson BA, Turanov AA, Tsuji PA, Yoo MH, Gygi SP, Gladyshev VN, & Hatfield DL. (2013) High error rates in selenocysteine insertion in mammalian cells treated with the antibiotic doxycycline, chloramphenicol, or geneticin. The Journal of biological chemistry, 288(21), 14709-15. PMID: 23589299
Mateos-Naranjo E, Andrades-Moreno L, & Davy AJ. (2013) Silicon alleviates deleterious effects of high salinity on the halophytic grass Spartina densiflora. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB / Societe francaise de physiologie vegetale, 115-21. PMID: 23257076
- August 19, 2013
- 01:14 PM
- 1,738 views
Antibiotic Resistance – The Lethal Threat for Next Generation
by Imtiaz Ibne Alam in Medical-Reference - A Pioneer in Medical Blogging
The understanding of bacterial resistance to antibiotics will first require you to understand how antibiotics work. Usually, antibiotics kill or inhibit bacteria by inactivating or neutralizing an essential cell protein in bacteria. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, this essential protein is either removed or altered. Eventually, this changing in the essential protein of bacteria discourages antibiotics from attaching to the target site. ... Read more »
Pérez-Llarena FJ, & Bou G. (2009) Beta-lactamase inhibitors: the story so far. Current medicinal chemistry, 16(28), 3740-65. PMID: 19747143
Paphitou NI. (2013) Antimicrobial resistance: action to combat the rising microbial challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents. PMID: 23684003
- August 2, 2013
- 05:38 AM
- 821 views
Breakthroughs in Bipolar Treatment
by The Neurocritic in The Neurocritic
"We should continue to repurpose treatments and to recognise the role of serendipity" (Geddes & Miklowitz, 2013).That quote was from a recent review article in The Lancet, which did not hint at any impending pharmacological breakthroughs in the treatment of bipolar disorder. In other words, the future of bipolar treatment doesn't look much different from the present (at least in the immediate term). Bipolar disorder, an illness defined by the existence of manic or hypomanic highs, alternati........ Read more »
Berk M, Dean O, Drexhage H, McNeil JJ, Moylan S, Oneil A, Davey CG, Sanna L, & Maes M. (2013) Aspirin: a review of its neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential for mental illness. BMC medicine, 11(1), 74. PMID: 23506529
Geddes JR, & Miklowitz DJ. (2013) Treatment of bipolar disorder. Lancet, 381(9878), 1672-82. PMID: 23663953
Kluge M, Hegerl U, Sander C, Dietzel J, Mergl R, Bitter I, Demyttenaere K, Gusmão R, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Perez-Sola V.... (2013) Methylphenidate in mania project (MEMAP): study protocol of an international randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study on the initial treatment of acute mania with methylphenidate. BMC psychiatry, 71. PMID: 23446109
- August 2, 2013
- 12:05 AM
- 822 views
Pediatrician Concussion Management Strategies and Medication Use
by Stephen Stache in Sports Medicine Research (SMR): In the Lab & In the Field
Take Home Message: A vast majority of pediatricians who care for patients with concussions follow available treatment guidelines, use medications as part of their treatment plan, use neuropsychological testing, and desire additional training in the management of sports-related concussion.... Read more »
Kinnaman KA, Mannix RC, Dawn Comstock R, & Meehan WP 3rd. (2013) Management strategies and medication use for treating paediatric patients with concussions. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). PMID: 23750873
- July 31, 2013
- 09:45 PM
- 955 views
Dilaudid – Start With 2 mg or Start With 1 mg?
by Rogue Medic in Rogue Medic
What is the proper interval before we should give another dose of opioid to patients who still have significant pain?
This study suggests that 3 to 5 minutes would be ideal, but that the ED (Emergency Department) is not a setting where that is practical. ... Read more »
Chang AK, Bijur PE, Lupow JB, & Gallagher EJ. (2013) Randomized Clinical Trial of the 2 mg Hydromorphone Bolus Protocol Versus the "1 1" Hydromorphone Titration Protocol in Treatment of Acute, Severe Pain in the First Hour of Emergency Department Presentation. Annals of emergency medicine. PMID: 23694801
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